High Water Recovery Rate Seawater Desalination System

Water is a key resource for sustainable development and plays a crucial role in human development. Desalination is one of the most promising technologies to mitigate the emerging water crisis. Thermal desalination and reverse osmosis are two of the most widely employed desalination technologies in the world. However, these technologies are energy intensive. Clathrate-hydrate-based desalination (HyDesal) is a potential energy-efficient desalination technology to strengthen the energy–water nexus. In our previous study, we proposed a ColdEn-HyDesal process utilizing waste Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) cold energy based on a fixed-bed reactor configuration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 10% propane in three different gas mixtures, namely, nitrogen (G1), argon (G2), and carbon dioxide (G3), as hydrate formers for the HyDesal process. The achieved water recovery was very low (~2%) in the presence of NaCl in the solution for gas mixtures G1 and G2. However, high water recovery and faster kinetics were achieved with the G3 mixture. To improve the water recovery and kinetics of hydrate formation for the G2 gas mixture, the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was evaluated. The addition of SDS did improve the kinetics and water recovery significantly.

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Prospects for high water recovery membrane desalination

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2016.07.047 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 401 ◽

pp. 180-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Marian Turek ◽

Krzysztof Mitko ◽

Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽

Piotr Dydo ◽

Ewa Laskowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Water ◽

Water Recovery

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The Natural Vacuum Desalination Technology in Seawater Desalination

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.851 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 851-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiao Hua Liu ◽

Xin Chun Zhang ◽

Ya Qin Fang ◽

Ming Ming Zhu

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Water Column ◽

Physical Model ◽

Future Development ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

High Water ◽

Seawater Desalination ◽

Different Types ◽

Desalination Technology

Seawater desalination technology is an important way to solve the freshwater shortage problem. Natural vacuum desalination (NVD) technology generates very low pressure environment in the headspace of 10 meters high water column. The weight of the water column is balanced by atmospheric pressure, and low-temperature desalination proceeds in the headspace. NVD technology drives the desalination process without any mechanical pumping, and requires relatively inferior quality of device material and simple structures. In this paper, the basic theory of NVD technology is introduced and physical model is described. Research progresses of different types of NVD technologies are summarized, and the method of increasing freshwater production is pointed out. This paper also illustrates the outlook on future development of NVD technology.

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An Improved Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology to Obtain More Accurate Water and “Tar” Values: In Situ Cambridge Filter Pad Extraction Methodology

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2014-0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Ghosh ◽

Cyril Jeannet

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Water Content ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

High Water ◽

Limited Range ◽

High Water Content ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Water Losses ◽

In Situ Extraction

AbstractPrevious investigations by others and internal investigations at Philip Morris International (PMI) have shown that the standard trapping and extraction procedure used for conventional cigarettes, defined in the International Standard ISO 4387 (Cigarettes -- Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine), is not suitable for high-water content aerosols. Errors occur because of water losses during the opening of the Cambridge filter pad holder to remove the filter pad as well as during the manual handling of the filter pad, and because the commercially available filter pad holder, which is constructed out of plastic, may adsorb water. This results in inaccurate values for the water content, and erroneous and overestimated values for Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter (NFDPM). A modified 44 mm Cambridge filter pad holder and extraction equipment which supports in situ extraction methodology has been developed and tested. The principle of the in situ extraction methodology is to avoid any of the above mentioned water losses by extracting the loaded filter pad while kept in the Cambridge filter pad holder which is hermetically sealed by two caps. This is achieved by flushing the extraction solvent numerous times through the hermetically sealed Cambridge filter pad holder by means of an in situ extractor. The in situ methodology showed a significantly more complete water recovery, resulting in more accurate NFDPM values for high-water content aerosols compared to the standard ISO methodology. The work presented in this publication demonstrates that the in situ extraction methodology applies to a wider range of smoking products and smoking regimens, whereas the standard ISO methodology only applies to a limited range of smoking products and smoking regimens, e.g., conventional cigarettes smoked under ISO smoking regimen. In cases where a comparison of yields between the PMI HTP and conventional cigarettes is required the in situ extraction methodology must be used for the aerosol of the PMI HTP to obtain accurate NFDPM/”tar” values. This would be for example the case if there were a need to print “tar” yields on packs or compare yields to ceilings. Failure to use the in situ extraction methodology will result in erroneous and overestimated NFDPM/”tar” values.

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High water recovery of RO brine using multi-stage air gap membrane distillation

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 355 ◽

pp. 178-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Hongxin Geng ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Chunyao Zhang ◽

Pingli Li ◽

Heying Chang

Keyword(s):

High Water ◽

Membrane Distillation ◽

Air Gap ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Air Gap Membrane Distillation ◽

Multi Stage

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Graphene membranes with nanoslits for seawater desalination via forward osmosis

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c7cp05660e ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (45) ◽

pp. 30551-30561 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Madhavi Dahanayaka ◽

Bo Liu ◽

Zhongqiao Hu ◽

Qing-Xiang Pei ◽

Zhong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Flux ◽

Forward Osmosis ◽

High Water ◽

Seawater Desalination ◽

Graphene Membrane ◽

Ion Rejection ◽

Slit Pore ◽

Graphene Membranes

A slit-pore stacked graphene membrane shows promising forward osmosis performance with high water flux and ion rejection.

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Dual Completion Petroleum Production Engineering for Several Oil Formations

Management Systems in Production Engineering ◽

10.1515/mspe-2018-0035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 217-221

Author(s):

Tanyana Nikolaevna Ivanova ◽

Aleksandr Ivanovich Korshunov ◽

Vladimir Pavlovich Koretckiy

Keyword(s):

Production Technology ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Late Stage ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

High Water ◽

Production Engineering ◽

Petroleum Production ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

High Water Cut ◽

Water Cut

Abstract Cost-efficient, enabling technologies for keeping and increasing the reservoir recovery rate of oil-formations with high water cut of produced fluids and exhausted resource are really essential. One of the easiest but short-term ways to increase oil production and incomes at development of oil deposits is cost of development and capital cost reduction. Therefore, optimal choice and proper feasibility study on the facilities for multilayer oil fields development, especially at the late stage of reservoir working, is a crucial issue for now-day oil industry. Currently, the main oil pools do not reach the design point of coefficient of oil recovery. The basic feature of the late stage of reservoir working is the progressing man-made impact on productive reservoir because of water injection increasing for maintaining reservoir pressure. Hence cost-efficient, enabling technologies for keeping and increasing the reservoir recovery rate of oil-formations with high water cut of produced fluids and exhausted resource are really essential. To address the above concerns the dual completion petroleum production engineering was proposed. The intensity of dual completion of formation with of different permeability is determined by rational choice of each of them. The neglect of this principle results a disproportionately rate of highly permeable formations development for the time. In effect the permeability of the formations or their flow rate is decreasing. The problem is aggravated by lack of awareness of mechanics of layers' mutual interference in producers and injectors. Dual completion experience in Russian has shown, that success and efficiency of the technology in many respects depend on engineering support. One of the sufficient criteria for the choice of operational objects should be maximal involvement of oil-saturated layers by oil displacement from seams over the economic life of well producing oil. If it is about getting high rate of oil recovery for irregular formations there is no alternative to dual completion and production. The recommended dual completion petroleum production technology enables development several formations by single well at the time. The dual completion petroleum production technology has been more important than ever because it is right not only for formations but for thin layers with undeveloped remaining reserves.

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