scholarly journals Boniface of Montferrat and His Activities in the Balkan Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-82
Author(s):  
Nikola Dyulgerov
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Fourth Crusade ◽  
The People

Planned as an expedition to liberate Jerusalem from the Muslims, the Fourth Crusade became a crushing weapon, destroying Byzantium and changing the fate of the Balkans. Its leader marquis Boniface of Montferrat was one of the people, who had the greatest influence in directing the pilgrims to Constantinople. Fulfilling his vassal duty to Philip of Swabia and pursuing his ambition to restore the lands and authority of his brothers in Byzantium, he set out for the East. A brave knight, an influential seigneur, an experienced military leader, but an unscrupulous and a cruel politician, he lost the “battle” for the imperial crown of Constantinople, but won Thessaloniki. There he set the beginning of a new crusader state, which covered the lands from the Rhodope Mountains to the Peloponnese peninsula. However, his eastern adventure ended tragically. Underestimating the force and the abilities of the Bulgarians, he lost his life in battle against them.

scholarly journals Focus on psychiatry in Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Two Generations

Humankind has been present on the Australian continent for at least 40 000, some say 60 000 years, remarkably adapted to the environment and having a cultural tradition appreciated by few Caucasians. White people have been here for only 200 years; and psychiatry for about half of that. We know nothing about the mental health of pre-contact indigenous peoples; but we now know a little about the ways in which mental disorders are explained and treated by traditional methods. In two centuries, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islands communities, which are very diverse, have been steadily reduced to become only 1.5% of the population. From settlement in 1788 until the 1950s, most non-aboriginal Australians were of Anglo-Saxon or Celtic origin. Since the Second World War, the pattern of immigration has greatly enriched Australian life, first through large numbers of people from the Mediterranean littoral, Western Europe and the Balkans, and more recently from south-east Asia. Ethnic diversity is now evident in most peoples' daily lives – whom you see in the street, whom you work alongside, who your friends are, what you eat and who you have as patients. So the present Australian population of 18 million has undergone a marked change in demography and lifestyle within only two generations. Like the people, psychiatry is also changing rapidly. Where are the changes taking place? What is it like to be a psychiatrist here at present? Where has there been success and where has there been failure? Where is there lots of action?

Post-Byzantine hermeneiai zographikes in the eighteenth century and their dissemination in the Balkans during the nineteenth century

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Moutafov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This article focuses on the significance of the Orthodox painters’ manuals, called hermeneiai zographikes, in the development of post-Byzantine iconography and painting technology and techniques in the Balkans during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using a number of unpublished painters’ manuals (Greek and Slavonic) as primary sources for the study of Christian and Ottoman culture in the Balkan peninsula, it is possible to examine perceptions of Europe in the Balkans, in particular the principal routes for the transmission of ideas of the European Enlightenment, as well as the role of artists as mediators in the processes of ‘Europeanization'.

scholarly journals Od ojczyzny prywatnej do więzi ideologicznej. Arumuni — naród, któremu nie jest potrzebne państwo

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Ewa Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Romance Language ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Ideological Construction

This article is devoted to the contemporary process of the ethnic mobilizing of stateless European peoples. The Aromanians, who live in all the countries of the Balkan peninsula but have never experienced lasting statehood, are an example. Currently, members of the young Aromanian intelligentsia are creating a transnational, supra-state community by evoking old symbols and new myths: the cult of symbolic places, historic events, figures, family micro-histories (genealogies), and a common language and values. Access to modern means of communication plays an important role in the process. In the author’s opinion, a modern transnational people is emerging from the politically unformed — but culturally specific — Romance-language community of the Balkans. The group could be considered a “recovered community,” which is based on an ideological construction utilizing carefully selected elements of common history and culture.

ROMANIA AND THE BALKANS: POLITICAL, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bitkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
The Common

The article analyzes some aspects of Romania’s foreign policy in the Balkan region. It is noted that the same fact that country belongs to the Balkans causes ambiguous interpretations on the part of Romanian politicians and experts, many of whom believe that Romania cannot be attributed to this region either geographically or politically. At the same time, culturally and historically, according to a certain part of historians and sociologists, Romania nevertheless carries the features of the so-called «Balkanism», due to the common Ottoman past with the Balkan Peninsula. These features are also relevant for the current socio-political situation, which is shown in the article with specific examples. In addition, criticism of the very term «Balkanism» from the side of Romanian analysts is presented. The author also examines Romania’s relations with the countries of the Western Balkans, primarily with Serbia. The points of contact of the positions of these countries are noted, which are largely due to the desire of Serbia to resolve the Kosovo problem in its favor, relying on the support of Romania - one of the five EU countries that did not recognize the independence of Kosovo. Romania, using this situation, is trying to strengthen its position, seeking regional leadership. The author comes to the conclusion that, although the Western Balkan countries directly or indirectly aspire to Euro-Atlantic structures, some of them (primarily Serbia) maintain and develop friendly relations with Russia, which complicates their interaction with Romania, orthodoxly adhering to the NATO and European Union policies and having a very difficult relationship with Russia.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
George E. Demacopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mature Form ◽  
Fourth Crusade ◽  
Cultural Alienation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Encounter

This introductory chapter begins with a brief history of the Fourth Crusade. When Pope Innocent III ascended Peter's throne in 1198, he almost immediately began planning for what was supposed to be the largest crusade to date. What is important to the present study is the fact that the crusaders transformed the very structure of Byzantine society by seizing control of both church and state and by often imposing a Western feudal structure throughout the Balkans that would serve as a beachhead for further Frankish and papal aspirations in the Christian East. By framing the events of the Fourth Crusade as a kind of colonial encounter, this book draws from some of the basic insights of postcolonial critique to look in new ways at the discourse of Orthodox/Roman Catholic difference that took its mature form in the thirteenth century. As such, one of the most important conclusions of this study is that the development of the most vitriolic statements of Orthodox/Catholic religious polemic in the Middle Ages were based in political and cultural alienation, not theological development.

scholarly journals The Balkans of the Balkans: The Meaning of Autobalkanism in Regional Popular Music

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Dumnić Vilotijević
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
First Century ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The People ◽  
Musical Characteristics

In this article, I discuss the use of the term “Balkan” in the regional popular music. In this context, Balkan popular music is contemporary popular folk music produced in the countries of the Balkans and intended for the Balkan markets (specifically, the people in the Western Balkans and diaspora communities). After the global success of “Balkan music” in the world music scene, this term influenced the cultures in the Balkans itself; however, interestingly, in the Balkans themselves “Balkan music” does not only refer to the musical characteristics of this genre—namely, it can also be applied music that derives from the genre of the “newly-composed folk music”, which is well known in the Western Balkans. The most important legacy of “Balkan” world music is the discourse on Balkan stereotypes, hence this article will reveal new aspects of autobalkanism in music. This research starts from several questions: where is “the Balkans” which is mentioned in these songs actually situated; what is the meaning of the term “Balkan” used for the audience from the Balkans; and, what are musical characteristics of the genre called trepfolk? Special focus will be on the post-Yugoslav market in the twenty-first century, with particular examples in Serbian language (as well as Bosnian and Croatian).

scholarly journals Arguing with Europe: Eastern Civilization Versus Orientalist Exoticism

PMLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hill
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Alphonse De Lamartine ◽  
The People ◽  
Romantic Poet

The French romantic poet Alphonse de Lamartine traveled to the East—namely, Syria, Palestine, and parts of the Balkans—in 1832–33, with his wife and daughter. His account of these travels, the Voyage en Orient, was published in 1835 and went on to become one of the major Eastern travel-narratives of the nineteenth century. Edward Said was scathing about it in Orientalism: “What remains of the Orient in Lamartine's prose is not very substantial at all … the sites he has visited, the people he has met, the experiences he has had, are reduced to a few echoes in his pompous generalizations” (179). I would not dissent from this assessment. But Said was not the first to remark on the nature of Lamartine's representations of the Orient. In 1859, twenty-four years after the French poet's visit to the East, a young Beiruti poet and journalist, Khalīl al-Khūrī, made an Arabic translation and commentary, with some sharp criticisms, of one of the poems included in Voyage en Orient.

scholarly journals Medical and Social Aspects of Syphilis in the Balkans from the mid-19th Century to the Interwar

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Costas Tsiamis ◽  
Georgia Vrioni ◽  
Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou ◽  
Vasiliki Gennimata ◽  
Mariana А. Murdjeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

Abstract The current study presents some aspects of syphilis in the Balkan Peninsula from the 19th century until the Interwar. Ever since the birth of modern Balkan States (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia), urbanization, poverty and the frequent wars have been considered the major factors conducive to the spread of syphilis. The measures against sex work and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were taken in two aspects, one medical and the other legislative. In this period, numerous hospitals for venereal diseases were established in the Balkan countries. In line with the international diagnostic approach and therapeutic standards, laboratory examinations in these Balkan hospitals included spirochete examination, Wassermann reaction, precipitation reaction and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Despite the strict legislation and the adoption of relevant laws against illegal sex work, public health services were unable to curb the spread of syphilis. Medical and social factors such as poverty, citizen’s ignorance of STDs, misguided medical perceptions, lack of sanitary control of prostitution and epidemiological studies, are highlighted in this study. These factors were the major causes that helped syphilis spread in the Balkan countries during the 19th and early 20th century. The value of these aspects as a historic paradigm is diachronic. Failure to comply with the laws and the dysfunction of public services during periods of war or socioeconomic crises are both factors facilitating the spread of STDs.

Geographic variability and taxonomy of the nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (L. 1758), in the central and eastern parts of the Balkans: A multivariate study

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Džukić ◽  
Ljiljana Tomović
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Multivariate Study ◽  
Yugoslav Republic ◽  
North Western ◽  
Vipera Ammodytes

AbstractA multivariate analyses of various morphological characters (morphometric, meristic and qualitative) of nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) revealed a complex morphological differentiation of populations from the central and the eastern Balkan Peninsula. Analyses of quantitative data showed no clear morphological discrimination or well-defined taxonomical units. On the contrary, analyses of qualitative traits separated two discrete taxa in the analysed area. One, inhabiting the eastern and the southern part of the Balkans, includes samples from most parts of Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and south-eastern Serbia, whereas the other ranges from north-western Bulgaria through the main part of Serbia (except the south-east) to Montenegro.

A new species of Wiedemannia (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae) from Balkan Peninsula

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3478 (1) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIJA IVKOVIĆ ◽  
ADRIAN PLANT ◽  
BOGDAN HORVAT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
A New Species

Wiedemannia artemisa sp. nov. (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae) is described from the Balkan Peninsula. Althoughcurrent subgeneric concepts are considered to have doubtful validity, the new species is tentatively assigned to the subgenus Philolutra Mik. The distribution of Wiedemannia in the Balkans is discussed.

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