Eating habits in Mexican schooled children

In Mexico, 35.5 % of school-age children are overweight or obese, the main cause of this excess is related to eating habits. A multivariate study was carried out to predict the eating habits of school children in function of social eating norms and perceived food advertising. Through random sampling, 132 girls and boys from upper primary were selected, to whom a questionnaire was applied to measure eating habits, food social norms, and perceived food advertising. En México, el 35,5 % de los niños en edad escolartienen sobrepeso u obesidad, la principal causa deeste exceso ponderal está relacionada con los hábitos alimentarios.

Effect of a Preventive Oral Health Program Starting during Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study Comparing Immigrant and Native Women and Their Children

The objective was to evaluate whether including pregnant women in a preventive dental program prevented the appearance of caries in their children up to the age of 6, and whether the effect was similar in children of immigrant and non-immigrant women. In phase I, 90 pregnant women, 45 immigrants and 45 natives, were taught about the development and prevention of caries. In phase II the oral health of their children at the age of 6 (n = 90) was evaluated, along with a control group of children of natives and immigrants of the same age (n = 90). A survey was used to determine participants’ backgrounds and habits. A multivariate study of the results was performed using R-core software. The number of children without caries was 128 (71.1%), whereas 52 (28.9%) had caries, 15 from the protocol (16.67%) and 37 from the control group (41.11%), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The mean number of caries for the children in the protocol was 0.62 ± 2 and in the control group it was 1.88 ± 2.9 (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis the risk of developing caries was higher for the condition of being the child of an immigrant (OR = 11.137), inadequate oral health (OR = 4.993), the children being overweight at the age of 6 (OR = 10.680), and the consumption of candies (OR = 5.042). In conclusion, the preventive protocols started during pregnancy reduced caries in participants’ children, which suggests that these protocols should be encouraged. Because immigrant children are more vulnerable to caries, they and their parents should be included in preventive programs once they arrive in the host country.

Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in Red Water by white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and floridae

Pleurotus fungi are basidiomycetes that stand out in the degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds such as lignin derivatives and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to make a comparative evaluation of the capacity of the Pleurotus ostreatus POS 560 and Pleurotus floridae PSP1 fungi in the degradation of 2,4 and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNTs) in effluent from an explosive factory. The characterization of the effluent indicated 318 mg L-1 of DNTs, 246 mg L-1 of COD and toxicity factor for Daphnia magna corresponding to 8. The conduct of a multivariate study estimated the influence of the variables pH (5.0 and 6.0), co-substrate concentration (10 and 20 g L-1 of glucose) and species of the fungus Pleurotus (ostreatus and floridae) on the degradation of DNTs, indicating that the variables Fungus and [Glucose] were significant (p <0.05) presenting effects in the order of + 4.45 ± 0.26 and -1.14 ± 0.26, respectively. The reproduction of the best efficiency conditions (P. floridae; pH 6.0 and 10 g L-1 of glucose) in agitated flasks (100 rpm, 26oC) was able to carry out, within 14 days of treatment, the removal of organic matter and toxicity factor in levels on the order of 55 and 50%, respectively, in addition to the complete degradation of DNTs which occurred in the first 120 hours of treatment. In this period, the maximum activity of the peroxidase and Mn-peroxidase enzymes was also characterized, suggesting high potential of the bioprocess under study for remediation of effluents contaminated with nitroaromatic compounds.

Predicting clinical outcome with phenotypic clusters in COVID-19 pneumonia: 2 an analysis of 12,066 hospitalized patients from the Spanish registry SEMI-3 COVID-19.

(1) Background: This study aims to identify different clinical phenotypes in COVID-19 88 pneumonia using cluster analysis and to assess the prognostic impact among identified clusters in 89 such patients. (2) Methods: Cluster analysis including 11 phenotypic variables was performed in a 90 large cohort of 12,066 COVID-19 patients, collected and followed-up from March 1, to July 31, 2020, 91 from the nationwide Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. (3) Results: Of the total of 12,066 patients 92 included in the study, most were males (7,052, 58.5%) and Caucasian (10,635, 89.5%), with a mean 93 age at diagnosis of 67 years (SD 16). The main pre-admission comorbidities were arterial 94 hypertension (6,030, 50%), hyperlipidemia (4,741, 39.4%) and diabetes mellitus (2,309, 19.2%). The 95 average number of days from COVID-19 symptom onset to hospital admission was 6.7 days (SD 7). 96 The triad of fever, cough, and dyspnea was present almost uniformly in all 4 clinical phenotypes 97 identified by clustering. Cluster C1 (8,737 patients, 72.4%) was the largest, and comprised patients 98 with the triad alone. Cluster C2 (1,196 patients, 9.9%) also presented with ageusia and anosmia; 99 cluster C3 (880 patients, 7.3%) also had arthromyalgia, headache, and sore throat; and cluster C4 100 (1,253 patients, 10.4%) also manifested with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Compared to 101 each other, cluster C1 presented the highest in-hospital mortality (24.1% vs. 4.3% vs. 14.7% vs. 102 18.6%; p<0.001). The multivariate study identified phenotypic clusters as an independent factor for 103 in-hospital death. (4) Conclusion: The present study identified 4 phenotypic clusters in patients with 104 COVID-19 pneumonia, which predicted the in-hospital prognosis of clinical outcomes.