scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Aspirations of Dentistry Students in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
Pradeep Brijlal ◽  
Priscilla Brijlal
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
African Students ◽  
Black African ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Starting A Business

An investigation of the intentions and knowledge of entrepreneurship of final-year university dentistry students is reported, with particular regard to the factors of gender and race. A questionnaire survey was used with final-year dentistry students, over two years, at the University of the Western Cape in South Africa. The findings show that dentistry students across race and gender groups believed that entrepreneurship education was important. At least half of the students showed an interest in starting a business practice soon after their graduation and completion of a mandatory one-year internship, with more male students indicating an interest in starting a business than female students. More Black African students indicated interest compared to other race groups (Coloureds, Whites and Indians). There were no significant differences between male and female students with regard to knowledge of entrepreneurship, but there were significant differences with regard to race in the scores for knowledge of entrepreneurship, with White students scoring the highest and African students the lowest. The authors conclude that entrepreneurship education should be included in the curriculum in the final year of dentistry studies to encourage business practice start-up soon after the one-year internship period, with the aim of contributing to growth in employment.

scholarly journals A complement C5 gene mutation, c.754G>A:p.A252T, is common in the Western Cape, South Africa and found to be homozygous in seven percent of Black African meningococcal disease cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patricia Owen ◽  
Reinhard Würzner ◽  
Felicity Leisegang ◽  
Pierre Rizkallah ◽  
Andrew Whitelaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Black African

HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS’ PERCEPTION OF THE EFFICACY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION: THE CASE OF SELECTED HIGH SCHOOLS IN THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 507-526
Author(s):  
Rylyne Mande Nchu ◽  
◽  
Robertson K. Tengeh ◽  
Salochana Hassan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Western Cape

scholarly journals The Optimum One-year-old Shoot Length to Optimize Yield and Fruit Size of Three Fig (Ficus carica L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1321-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein J. Gerber ◽  
Willem J. Steyn ◽  
Karen I. Theron
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Yields

The European fig cultivars Bourjasotte Noire, Col de Damme Noire, and Noire de Caromb were recently introduced to the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Producers struggle to implement effective commercial practices that will optimize yield of quality fruit. A phenological study was conducted to establish the optimum 1-year-old shoot length to maximize yield. The number of fruit, budbreak, and shoot growth on 1-year-old shoots comprising four length categories (‘Bourjasotte Noire’: 10 to 15, 25 to 40, 50 to 65, and 75+ cm; ‘Col de Damme Noire’ and ‘Noire de Caromb’: 10 to 20, 30 to 50, 60 to 80, and 100+ cm) were evaluated. In ‘Bourjasotte Noire’, all four categories seem to be suited for reproduction in the current season and also provide sufficient new shoot growth to ensure a fair yield the next season. In ‘Col de Damme Noire’, category four seems to be the best 1-year-old shoot length for reproduction both in terms of fruit number and fruit size. However, yield on these shoots may not be optimal the next season, because current-season shoots are too short. It seems that this cultivar will require pruning to stimulate strong new shoot growth that will ensure regular, high yields. In ‘Noire de Caromb’, category one shoots are very productive relative to their length. Categories two and three were also relatively productive, whereas category four was less productive but developed a large number of current-season shoots similar in length to category one that should be productive the next season. These results will allow us to develop pruning strategies to ensure an optimal balance between current-season yield and the development of new fruiting wood to ensure regular, high yields. It also suggests that the three cultivars studied will require differential application of horticultural practices to attain regular, high yields of large fruit.

scholarly journals Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Adolescents and Educational Delay in Two Provinces in South Africa: Impacts of Personal, Family and School Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Herrero Romero ◽  
Lucie Cluver ◽  
James Hall ◽  
Janina Steinert
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Grade Repetition ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Compulsory School Age ◽  
One Year ◽  
Out Of School

No quantitative studies to date have specifically focused on the risk and protective factors for the educational resilience of socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents who are not of compulsory school age in South Africa. This study compares the educational delay of 599 black adolescents aged 16 to 18 from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in Western Cape and Mpumalanga to nationally and provincially representative estimates in South Africa. The paper also explores predictors for educational delay by comparing out-of-school adolescents (n = 64), and adolescents who are at least one year behind in school (n = 380), with adolescents in the age-appropriate grade or higher (n = 155). Risk factors for being behind included the following: male gender, past grade repetition, rural location and larger school size. Risk factors for being out of school were the following: past grade repetition, previous concentration problems at school, household poverty, and food insecurity. Protective factors for being in the age-appropriate grade included the following: living with biological caregivers, access to school counselling and attending schools in wealthier communities.

Dispatcher Triage Accuracy in the Western Cape Government Emergency Medical Services System, Cape Town, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-644
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. Alshehri ◽  
Jennifer L. Pigoga ◽  
Lee A. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dispatch Protocols

AbstractIntroduction:Triage - the sorting of patients according to urgency of need for clinical care - is an essential part of delivering effective and efficient emergency care. But when frequent over- or under-triaging occurs, finite time and resources are diverted away from those in greatest need of care and the entire Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system is strained. In resource-constrained settings, such as South Africa, poor triage in EMS only serves to compound other contextual challenges. This study examined the accuracy of dispatcher triage over a one-year period in the Western Cape Government (WCG) EMS system in South Africa.Methods:A retrospective analysis of existing dispatch and EMS data to assess the accuracy of dispatch-assigned priorities was conducted. The mismatch between dispatcher-assigned call priority and triage levels determined by EMS personnel was analyzed via over- and under-triage rates, sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs, respectively).Results:A total of 185,166 records from December 2016 through November 2017 were analyzed. Across all dispatch complaints, the over-triage rate was 67.6% (95% CI, 66.34-68.76) and the under-triage rate was 16.2% (95% CI, 15.44-16.90). Dispatch triage sensitivity for all included records was 49.2% (95% CI, 48.10-50.38), specificity 71.9% (95% CI, 71.00-72.92), PPV 32.5% (95% CI, 30.02-34.88), and NPV 83.8% (95% CI, 81.93-85.73).Conclusion:This study provides the first evaluation of dispatch triage accuracy in the WCG EMS system, identifying that the system is suffering from both under- and over-triage. Despite variance across dispatch complaints, both under- and over-triage remained higher than widely accepted norms, and all rates were significantly above acceptable target metrics described in similar studies. Results of this study will be used to motivate the development of more rigorous training programs and resources for WCG EMS dispatchers, including improved dispatch protocols for conditions suffering from high over- and under-triage.

scholarly journals Trends in testicular germ cell tumors among native black African men do not mirror those of African Americans: multi-institutional data from South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzana Cassim ◽  
Amy Pearlman ◽  
Ethan Matz ◽  
Ryan Terlecki ◽  
Andre van der Merwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Black African

Abstract Background Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is most frequently diagnosed in young males and its etiology remains poorly understood. Cases of newly diagnosed TGCT have been rising in the United States and incidence among African Americans (AA) has increased nearly 40%. Incidence of TGCT in native black African (BA) males, conversely, has remained low. We sought to determine the racial identification of patients diagnosed with TGCT in Cape Town, South Africa. We hypothesize that the rise in TGCT among AA males is distinct from that of BA males in South Africa. Methods A retrospective review involving two tertiary care centres in the Western Cape was performed. Data were extracted for males > 13 years of age diagnosed with TGCT from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2015. Racial status was self-declared and included BA, Caucasian, Mixed Ancestry (MA), and Asian. Patients were identified from combined Urology–Oncology clinic logs at both institutions, as well as from pathology records at the National Health Laboratory Service indicating any form of testicular cancer. Results 225 patients were identified. 97% of cases involved males identified as MA (130) or Caucasian (88). Only 2% of the study population identified as BA, with complete absence of self-identifying BA males for several years within the queried interval. Among males diagnosed with TGCT, the percentage self-identifying as Caucasian increased over time (R2 0.92). Conclusions Males diagnosed with TGCT in the Western Cape predominantly self-identify as MA or Caucasian. Exceedingly few cases are attributed to BA, and even less to Asian males. The trend in racial distribution suggests that the increasing incidence reported for AAs may be due to interracial gene exchange, environmental factors, or a combination thereof.

Negotiating femininities on campus: Sexuality, gender and risk in an HIV environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 915-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deevia Bhana ◽  
Janet Pillay
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Female Students ◽  
African Women ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Black African

Objective: In South Africa, Black African women between the ages of 15 and 24 years are especially vulnerable to HIV. The heterosexual transmission of the disease is exacerbated by social and cultural conditions that perpetuate gender relations of inequality. Problematic conceptualisations of femininity increase sexual risk. The objective of this article is to examine the ways in which undergraduate university Black African female students make meaning of gender and sexuality on campus and the social processes through which femininities are produced. Design: Qualitative research study. Setting: University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Method: In total, 10 in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 25 Black African undergraduate female students aged between 18 and 24 years old. Results: Campus life was conceived as a place of heterosexual freedom, sexual enjoyment and engagement with dating relationships. Relationships were forged based on romantic notions of love and versions of femininity based on trust lead to sexual risk and unwanted pregnancy. In the context of material inequalities, ‘sugar daddy’ relationships further limited female students’ ability to negotiate safe sex. The overall climate on campus was structured along gender power inequalities. Female students feared and were victims of verbal, physical assault and sexual coercion. The lack of campus security exacerbated female students’ vulnerability to violence on campus. Conclusion: Addressing the specific meanings expressed by Black African female students on campus can help to improve the effectiveness of campus-based health education interventions promoting safe sex, gender equality and student safety.

Attitudes and beliefs about homosexuality and same-sex marriage among a sample of South African students

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Mwaba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
African Students ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
The Right

With the enactment of the Civil Unions Bill in 2006, South Africa became the fifth country in the world, and the first in Africa, to legalize same-sex marriage. While supporters of the bill hailed the decision as signaling the end of discrimination against homosexual couples, critics slammed it as undermining traditional marriage between a man and woman. The attitudes and beliefs of a sample of South African students regarding homosexuality and same-sex marriage were investigated. A survey was conducted among a sample of 150 undergraduate students at a predominantly black university in the Western Cape. Results showed that 71% viewed same-sex marriages as strange and supported religious groups opposed to such marriages. Close to 40% supported discrimination against homosexuals with 46% indicating that they should be denied the right to adopt children. It is concluded that, despite having legal protection, public acceptance of homosexuals and same-sex marriage may be quite limited in South Africa.

Reframing Xenophobia in South Africa as Colour-Blind: The Limits of the Afro Phobia Thesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-444
Author(s):  
Amanuel Isak Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Black African ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Realistic Conflict Theory

Many scholars and South African politicians characterize the widespread anti-foreigner sentiment and violence in South Africa as dislike against migrants and refugees of African origin which they named ‘Afro-phobia’. Drawing on online newspaper reports and academic sources, this paper rejects the Afro-phobia thesis and argues that other non-African migrants such as Asians (Pakistanis, Indians, Bangladeshis and Chinese) are also on the receiving end of xenophobia in post-apartheid South Africa. I contend that any ‘outsider’ (White, Asian or Black African) who lives and trades in South African townships and informal settlements is scapegoated and attacked. I term this phenomenon ‘colour-blind xenophobia’. By proposing this analytical framework and integrating two theoretical perspectives — proximity-based ‘Realistic Conflict Theory (RCT)’ and Neocosmos’ exclusivist citizenship model — I contend that xenophobia in South Africa targets those who are in close proximity to disadvantaged Black South Africans and who are deemed outsiders (e.g., Asian, African even White residents and traders) and reject arguments that describe xenophobia in South Africa as targeting Black African refugees and migrants.

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