Glosa aprobująca do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 16 listopada 2017 r., V CSK 81/17

In the judgment of November 16, 2017, Ref. V. CSK 81/17, the Supreme Court ruled that starting a business in the form of running a go-go club in the commune does not violate its good name, even if some activities in its activity are contrary to the law. In addition, there are no grounds to distinguish the personal interest of a legal person in the form of a credible image. The purpose of this opinion is to evaluate the above resolution of the Supreme Court. The author intends to compare the judgment of the Supreme Court with the views of representatives of the doctrine of Polish judicial law and previous case-law.

The Nexus of Social Cause Interest and Entrepreneurial Mindset: Driving Socioeconomic Sustainability

The importance of entrepreneurial activity as a driver of sustainable economic growth is well established. Interest in social enterprises as a means to fill gaps that exist in society is growing. With the emerging concept of social entrepreneurship in China, this paper aims to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial mindset, individual intention to start an enterprise, the likelihood of actually starting a business and personal interest in social causes. Theoretical models in the field of entrepreneurship study indicate that personal entrepreneurial desire is a strong factor in predicting future business behaviour but there is little in the existing research about entrepreneurial mindset as a predictor of actual activity. Considering entrepreneurship and psychological research and theory, four main psychological entrepreneur traits including chance alertness, risk tendency, tolerance of vagueness and intentional optimism are considered to measure the aptitude towards starting a business. Based on the results of 590 online surveys, the role of entrepreneurial mindset as a predictor is analysed using Correlation, Linear Regression and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings of this research indicate that social cause interest is unlikely to drive entrepreneurial activity in the absence of structured intervention. The findings contribute to the future development of social entrepreneurial programs, and to the role and assessment of the entrepreneurial mindset of potential social entrepreneurs. The study also provides insight into the perspective of the individual towards the concept of social responsibility.

ANALISIS BUSINESS PLAN PELAKU UMKM DI KECAMATAN MLARAK

Entrepreneurship is an activity to meet the needs of human life. With the existence of entrepreneurship, unemployment can be reduced, considering that in Indonesia the unemployment rate is very high. Especially with the Covid-19 outbreak, the unemployment rate has increased. In starting a business, careful planning is needed, so that the business we run is in accordance with the goals and expectations we want. In addition, the existence of a business plan can make it easier to evaluate the shortcomings of the business that we are running. Therefore business planning lies at the very top before doing or starting a business. The business plan or business plan includes a vision and mission, an overview of the company, marketing, goods and services produced, efforts to increase sales and capital. Berwirausaha merupakan kegiatan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia. Dengan adanya kewirausahaan pengangguran dapat berkurang, mengingat di Indonesia tingkat pengangguran yang sangat tinggi. Terlebih dengan adanya wabah covid-19 ini, tingkat pengangguran meningkat. Dalam memulai sebuah usaha maka perlu perencanaan yang matang, agar usaha yang kita jalankan sesuai dengan tujuan dan harapan yang kita inginkan. Selain itu dengan adanya perencanaan usaha dapat mempermudah dalam mengevaluasi kekurangan terhadap usaha yang sedang kita jalankan. Oleh karena itu perencanaan usaha terletak pada posisi paling atas sebelum melakukan atau mengawali sebuah usaha. Dalam business plan atau perencanaan usaha didalamnya mencangkup visi dan misi, gambaran tentang perusahaan, pemasaran, barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan, usaha untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan permodalan.

Entrepreneurial Psychology and Motivation of Museum Cultural and Creative Product Development

More students who majored in design should be led to be self-employment, as they can use their major advantages to lead cultural and creative industries of museums toward a more creative direction. Based on the present situation of self-employment of college students related to cultural and creative industries, developing patterns and structure of cultural and creative industries of museums are analyzed to study the practical requirement of development of creative and cultural products of museums on the students majored in design. College students and graduates (within 2 years) in design major of a college in Zhejiang province who have experience in starting a business are invited to make the questionnaire survey and to study the practical problems with motives and barriers of starting a business. After the investigation of the entrepreneurial status of cultural and creative entrepreneurs of college students, it is found that the third year is the peak period for students to choose entrepreneurship, followed by the end of the senior year. Only 36.8% of respondents are satisfied with the results of entrepreneurship, which reflects that entrepreneurs do face many obstacles in the actual process of entrepreneurship, mainly due to a lack of experience and funds. The motivation for students to stick to entrepreneurial activities mainly focuses on “obtaining personal wealth” and “realizing self-worth.” In view of this situation, universities, society, and government can provide technical support and policy support to stimulate the entrepreneurial potential of cultural and creative entrepreneurs of college students, thus promoting the efficient development of museum cultural and creative industry.

Financial and Non-Financial Aspects of Entrepreneurship - the Polish Perspective

The phenomenon of entrepreneurship has various perspectives – economic, financial, social, and psychological. The aim of this paper is to present entrepreneurship from a perspective merging both financial and non-financial aspects of this phenomenon. The article presents two (complementary) aspects related to the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. One of the aspects described by author is the availability of financing for businesses in Poland (showing the issue in response to the most important obstacle to running a business), the other is shaping entrepreneurial attitudes. The section on sources of financing give an answer to the question of whether (and if so - to what extent) the problem of access to financing is a real barrier to starting a business in Poland. Presenting the perspective of students gives a new view on the subject and enables us to recognize factors that determine the decision to start a business among young people, knowledge of which may contribute to a change in attitudes towards setting up a business in Poland. Among the conclusions, the author mentions, inter alia, the need to strengthen entrepreneurial attitudes among students, especially due to the growing number of companies operating in Poland for reasons of positive motivation (such as improvement of the standard of living or independence). Moreover, the conducted analyses lead to the conclusion that new companies are financed primarily from their own resources, which discourages many from starting their own business.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Rumah Makan Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Usaha

In starting a business, a marketing strategy is one of the most important things. There is a lot of competition in doing business, so the marketing strategy must be carried out as well as possible so that the results are in accordance with the plan and can win the market. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research on marketing strategies in terms of Islamic economics. With this background, business people must pay attention to marketing strategies in order to compete with other business people in accordance with sharia economic principles. The problem in this study is how the marketing strategy of Mbah Darsih's Angkringan restaurant in facing business competition and whether the marketing strategy of Mbah Darsih's Angkringan restaurant is in accordance with Islamic economic principles. The aim is to find out the marketing strategy used by Mbah Darsih's Angkringan restaurant and the suitability of the marketing strategy used with Islamic business principles. The data in this study were obtained from the results of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results obtained in this study Angkringan Mbah Darsih restaurant using a strategy commonly called the marketing mix where Angkringan Mbah Darsih is very concerned about product quality, promotional activities, price, and place. Angkringan Mbah Darsih in implementing its marketing strategy in accordance with Islamic business principles, namely siddiq, amanah, tabligh, fathonah. The shortcomings of Mbah Darsih's Angkringan restaurant in carrying out its strategy are the lack of consistency in carrying out promotional activities and the lack of available parking space.

Evaluating Starting a Business Indicators Innovation in the World

Since 2003, the World Bank has produced an annual report ranking economies based on ease of doing business score. However, little is known whether the improvements made by evaluated economies on starting business indicators are statistically significant as claimed by the World Bank. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which starting business indicators were improved in 145 economies evaluated. Indicators assessed are score-starting a business (SBS), starting a business - procedures -men (SBPM), Starting a business –time-men (SBTM), Starting a Business - Cost - Men (SBCM), starting a business - procedures - women (SBPW), starting a business - Time - Women (SBTW), Starting a Business - Cost - Women (SBCW), and Starting a Business - Paid-in Minimum capital (SBPMC). This study used secondary quantitative data retrieved from the database of the World Bank for the 2004 and 2020 periods. The sample size was made by 145 economies. Wilcoxon-sign-rank-test-paired-sample was computed using R programming environment. The results of the Wilcoxon-sign-rank-test-paired-sample indicated that the mean differences are statistically different from zero for all indicators except evaluated. This means economies evaluated improved those indicators for 2020 compared to 2004. The study’s findings provide clear insight to policymakers regarding innovations made on the efforts of ease of doing business improvement. Better use of the findings of this study would lead to reducing corruption and increasing formal business, increasing the number of newly registered businesses, generating an increase in business opportunities of starting a new business, and increasing the productivity of companies. This study evaluated whether business regulatory implemented regarding starting a business was statically significant. Future research should be conducted to test empirically the significance of implemented procedures related to other indicators evaluated in doing business reports. This research is novel by testing empirically innovations made in 145 world economies on starting business requirements.

PUSH-PULL THEORY IN BLACK AND WHITE: EXAMINING RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN FIRM STARTUPS BEFORE AND AFTER THE GREAT RECESSION

Although Blacks in the United States suffered disproportionately high unemployment, housing and wealth losses during the Great Recession, little is known about the recession’s impact on Black entrepreneurship. This study uses data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the difference in probability of starting a business before and after the recession for Black and White households. While the likelihood of starting a business declined for Whites after the Great Recession there were no statistically significant changes in the rate of firm startups among Blacks. Evidence supports the prosperity pull hypothesis for White but not Black entrepreneurs.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN HO CHI MINH CITY: A CASE STUDY AT HO CHI MINH CITY CADRE ACADEMY

In the context of the 4th industrial revolution, it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore entrepreneurship. Starting a business is expected to create economic growth, make positive contributions to socio-economic development. It is gradually emerging and becoming a topic of much interest from researchers and businesses. So far, however, there has been little discussion about student entrepreneurship. The present research examines the perception and attitude of Ho Chi Minh City students towards entrepreneurial activity through a case study at Ho Chi Minh City Cadre Academy. Specifically, the study addresses the following questions: 1/attitude towards entrepreneurship 2/ reasons for students to be confident to start a business 3/ reasons for students to be not self-confident to start a business. This study employed questionnaires and in-depth interviews as methods to come to the results of the research. The authors selected a non-probability sampling of 240 students in classes of 5 majors at Ho Chi Minh City Cadre Academy for the questionnaire. The findings of this study suggest that the percentage of students who are not confident in starting a business is higher than that of those who are self-confident. The study also finds out the social factors affecting students’ confidence in starting a business and why they are not confident of entrepreneurship.