scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO REGIONAL NO BRASIL: A EDUCAÇÃO COMO FATOR DE CONVERGÊNCIA – 1970/1996

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Raimundo Vergolino ◽  
Antônio Pessoa Nunes Neto ◽  
Marcelo Andrade Bezerra Barros
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Per Capita

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o papel da educação no processo de crescimento econômico das microrregiões brasileiras no período de 1970-1996. A hipótese central do trabalho é a de que tal processo apresentou tendência convergente, sinalizando uma redução nas disparidades inter-regionais. Utilizando-se a metodologia proposta por Barro e Sala-I-Martin, foram estimadas regressões a partir do uso do método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários, a fim de captar a existência do fenômeno da convergência e identificando a velocidade (β) pela qual o mesmo se processa. Por fim, procurou-se verificar a importância da educação na equalização das rendas per capita microrregionais. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a existência de um processo convergente nas rendas microrregionais, quando consideradas as variáveis educacionais. Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of education in the process of economic growth for the Brazilian microrregions during the period 1970-1996. The hypothesis is that economic growth associated with educational improvements has led to a reduction in the inter-regional disparities in that period. Following the methodology proposed by Barro e Sala-I-Martin, regressions were estimated using the method of ordinary least squares, in order to identify the existence of the convergent process and the convergence velocity (β) of the former. The importance of education in the equalization of per capita microrregional income were also discussed. The results support the hypothesis under which human capital plays an important role in the economic growth of a region or country.

scholarly journals The human capital–economic growth nexus in SSA countries: what can strengthen the relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1159
Author(s):  
Roseline Tapuwa Karambakuwa ◽  
Ronney Ncwadi ◽  
Andrew Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ssa Countries

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of human capital on economic growth for a selected sample of nine SSA countries between 1980 and 2014 using a panel econometric approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate a log-linearized endogenous using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and the dynamic ordinary least squares (POLS) applied to our panel data time series.FindingsThe empirical analysis shows an insignificant effect of human capital on economic growth for our selected sample. These findings remain unchanged even after adding interactive terms to human capital, which are representatives of government spending as well as foreign direct investment. Nevertheless, the authors establish a positive and significant effect of the interactive term between urbanization and human capital on economic growth.Practical implicationsThe results emphasize the need for African policymakers to develop urbanized, “smart”, technologically driven cities within the SSA region as a platform toward strengthening the impact of human capital-economic growth relationship.Originality/valueThis study becomes the first in the literature to validate the human capital–urbanization–growth relationship for African countries.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Quality Adjusted Human Capital Equation: Moderating Role of Social Capabilities in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tonuchi Joseph ◽  
Pauline Obikaonu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Method

The role of human capital on economic growth across countries has over time garnered lots of discussion in economic literature. This is fundamental, given that the actual determinant of the difference in income per capita across countries or why some countries are growing faster than other countries has remained an unresolved issue. This study provides a different insight into the nexus between human capital and economic growth by accounting for the role of social capabilities in a panel framework. Specifically, the study covers 40 African countries between 1998-2019, where the General Method of Moment (GMM) was employed to estimate the model. Specifically, it was discovered that without improved legal institutions and better economic opportunities, human capital impact on the growth of income per capita across countries is insignificant though positive. The study concludes that the effectiveness of knowledge accumulation and adoption of technology in a country is hinged on the availability of an enhanced legal, social, and economic environment.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Quality Adjusted Human Capital Equation: Moderating Role of Social Capabilities in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonuchi Emmanuel Joseph ◽  
Pauline Chimuru Obikaonu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Method

Abstract The role of human capital on economic growth across countries has over time garnered lots of discussion in economic literature. This is fundamental, given that the actual determinant of the difference in income per capita across countries or why some countries are growing faster than other countries has remained an unresolved issue. This study provides a different insight into the nexus between human capital and economic growth by accounting for the role of social capabilities in a panel framework. Specifically, the study covers 40 African countries between 1998-2019, where the General Method of Moment (GMM) was employed to estimate the model. Specifically, it was discovered that without improved legal institutions and better economic opportunities, human capital impact on the growth of income per capita across countries is insignificant though positive. The study concludes that the effectiveness of knowledge accumulation and adoption of technology in a country is hinged on the availability of an enhanced legal, social, and economic environment.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Freedom and FDI versus Economic Growth: Evidence from the GCC Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Dkhili ◽  
Lassad Dhiab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Research Findings

This study aims to explain the role of economic freedom in attracting foreign investments and thus raising the level of economic growth. Through a study based on a sample composed of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. A standard model consisting of GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman) was used during the period from 1995 to 2017. We based on the analytical descriptive and secondly, we used a multivariate analysis based on the panel unit root test, the cointegration and finally the regression Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) following the existence of a long-term integration, which includes the modern standard methods to determine the role of economic freedom in raising foreign direct investment and thus economic growth in the second stage. The research findings from GCC countries support the literature, suggesting that there are indeed some indications that greater levels of economic freedom support higher rates of economic growth in a country.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Quality Adjusted Human Capital Equation: Moderating Role of Social Capabilities in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonuchi Emmanuel Joseph ◽  
Pauline Chimuru Obikaonu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Adoption Of Technology ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Jel Code

Abstract The role of human capital on economic growth across countries has over time garnered lots of discussion in economic literature. This is fundamental, given that the actual determinant of the difference in income per capita across countries or why some countries are growing faster than other countries has remained an unresolved issue. This study provide a different insight into the nexus between human capital and economic growth by accounting for the role of social capabilities in a panel framework. Specifically, the study covers 40 African countries between 1998-2019, where General Method of Moment (GMM) was employed to estimate the model. Specifically, it was discovered that without improved legal institution and better economic opportunities, human capital impact on the growth of income per capita across countries is insignificant though positive. The study concludes that the effectiveness of knowledge accumulation and adoption of technology in a country is hinged on the availability of enhanced legal, social, and economic environment.JEL CODE: A3, D83, E24, F63, I2

scholarly journals The Long Term Impact of Health on Economic Growth in Pakistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeem Akram ◽  
Ihtsham Ul Haq Padda ◽  
Mohammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Human capital plays pivotal role for sustainable economic Growth. As different growth theories suggest the role of human capital as a significant for growth process. The concept of human capital in economic literature defined broadly by including education, health, training, migration, and other investments that enhance an individual’s productivity. However, the growth economists that have incorporated human capital in the growth studies, paid greater attention on analysing the impact of education on economic growth, while ignoring the role of health human capital. It is only in very recent times that studies have started looking at health and tried to estimate the relationship between health status and economic growth. There exists a two-way relationship between improved health and economic growth. Health and other forms of human and physical capital increases the per capita GDP by increasing productivity of existing resources coupled with resource accumulation and technical change. Furthermore, some part of this increased income is spent on investment in human capital, which results in further per capita growth. According to Fogel (1994), approximately one third of GDP of Britain between 1790 and 1980 is the outcome of improvements in health especially improvement in nutrition, public health, and medical care facilities and these improved health facilities should be considered as labour enhancing technical change.

scholarly journals Determinants of Growth in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-277
Author(s):  
Raymond Rayendra Elven
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Untuk itu, dilakukan analisis terhadap data panel dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia mulai tahun 2006 sampai 2015. Analisis empiris pada paper ini melibatkan dua metode estimasi: 1) Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) dengan Fixed Effects Model, dan 2) Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio investasi sebagai akumulasi persediaan physical capital, tingkat pendidikan sebagai akumulasi persediaan human capital, pertumbuhan penduduk, desentralisasi, dan perdagangan memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan terhadap pendapatan per kapita. Selanjutnya, pengeluaran pemerintah dan proporsi penganut agama Islam memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap pendapatan per kapita. Disisi lain, proporsi penganut agama Kristen Protestan dan Kristen Katolik tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap pendapatan per kapita.This paper identifies the determinants of economic growth in Indonesia. To accomplish this, panel data for 33 provinces in Indonesia, for the years of 2006 through 2015, were analyzed. The empirical analysis involved two estimation methods: 1) Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with a Fixed Effects Model, and 2) Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The results reveal that investment ratio as the stock of physical capital, education level as the stock of human capital; population growth, decentralization, and trade across the provinces have a significant positive impact on the income per capita. Government expenditures and the proportion of adherents to the Islam religion have a significant negative influence on the income per capita. However, the proportion of adherents to the Protestant and the Catholic religions do not affect the income per capita.

scholarly journals Examining GDP Growth and Its Volatility: An Episodic Approach

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Jakub Bartak ◽  
Łukasz Jabłoński ◽  
Agnieszka Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita

In this paper, we study economic growth and its volatility from an episodic perspective. We first demonstrate the ability of the genetic algorithm to detect shifts in the volatility and levels of a given time series. Having shown that it works well, we then use it to detect structural breaks that segment the GDP per capita time series into episodes characterized by different means and volatility of growth rates. We further investigate whether a volatile economy is likely to grow more slowly and analyze the determinants of high/low growth with high/low volatility patterns. The main results indicate a negative relationship between volatility and growth. Moreover, the results suggest that international trade simultaneously promotes growth and increases volatility, human capital promotes growth and stability, and financial development reduces volatility and negatively correlates with growth.

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