scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FCC RISERS

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Souza ◽  
J. V. C. Vargas ◽  
O. F. Von Meien ◽  
W. Martignoni
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Riser Reactor ◽  
Energy Equations ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in a FCC riser is a very complex physical and chemical phenomenon, which combines a three-dimensional, three-phase fluid flow with a heterogeneous catalytic cracking kinetics. Several researchers have carried out the modeling of the problem in different ways. Depending on the main objective of the modeling it is possible to find in the literature very simple models while in other cases, when more accurate results are necessary, each equipment is normally treated separately and a set of differential and algebraic equations is written for the problem. The riser reactor is probably the most important equipment in a FCC plant. All cracking reactions and fuel formation occur during the short time (about 4-5s) that the gas oil stays in contact with the catalyst inside the riser. This work presents a simplified model to predict the, temperature and concentrations in a FCC riser reactor. A bi-dimensional fluid flow field combined with a 6 lumps kinetic model and two energy equations (catalyst and gas oil) are used to simulate the gas oil cracking process. Based on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields, it is intended, on a next step, to use the second law of thermodynamic to perform a thermodynamic optimization of the system.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FCC RISERS

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Souza ◽  
J. V. C. Vargas ◽  
O. F. Von Meien ◽  
W. Martignoni
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Riser Reactor ◽  
Energy Equations ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in a FCC riser is a very complex physical and chemical phenomenon, which combines a three-dimensional, three-phase fluid flow with a heterogeneous catalytic cracking kinetics. Several researchers have carried out the modeling of the problem in different ways. Depending on the main objective of the modeling it is possible to find in the literature very simple models while in other cases, when more accurate results are necessary, each equipment is normally treated separately and a set of differential and algebraic equations is written for the problem. The riser reactor is probably the most important equipment in a FCC plant. All cracking reactions and fuel formation occur during the short time (about 4-5s) that the gas oil stays in contact with the catalyst inside the riser. This work presents a simplified model to predict the, temperature and concentrations in a FCC riser reactor. A bi-dimensional fluid flow field combined with a 6 lumps kinetic model and two energy equations (catalyst and gas oil) are used to simulate the gas oil cracking process. Based on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields, it is intended, on a next step, to use the second law of thermodynamic to perform a thermodynamic optimization of the system.

scholarly journals MODELING AND SIMULATION OF INDUSTRIAL FCC RISERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
J. A. Souza ◽  
J. V. C. Vargas ◽  
O. F. Von Meien ◽  
W. P. Martignoni
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Mixture Flow ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Petroleum Fractions ◽  
Riser Reactor ◽  
Energy Equations ◽  
Cracking Process

Risers are considered vital parts in Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) conversion units. It is inside the riser reactor that the heavy hydrocarbon molecules are cracked into lighter petroleum fractions such as liquified Petroleum gas (LPG) and gasoline. The FCC process is considered a key process in the world petroleum industry, since it is the main responsible for the profitable conversion of heavy gasoil into commercial valuable products. This work presents a simplified transient model to predict the response of a FCC riser reactor, i.e., the fluid flow, temperature and concentrations of the mixture components throughout the riser and at the exit. A bi-dimensional fluid flow field combined with a 6 lumps kinetic model and two energy equations are used to model the gasoil mixture flow and the cracking process inside the riser reactor. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data, as a result, the model can be utilized for design, and optimization of FCC units. The simulation herein presented shows the applicability of the proposed method for the numerical simulation and control of industrial riser’s units.

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Catalyst -to- Oil Ratio Parameter (COR) on Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Saleem Mohammad Alrubaye
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Distillation ◽  
Percentage Volume ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil

This work deals with the production of light fuel cuts of (gasoline, kerosene and gas oil) by catalytic cracking treatment of secondary product mater (heavy vacuum gas oil) which was produced from the vacuum distillation unit in any petroleum refinery. The objective of this research was to study the effect of the catalyst -to- oil ratio parameter on catalytic cracking process of heavy vacuum gas oil feed at constant temperature (450 °C). The first step of this treatment was, catalytic cracking of this material by constructed batch reactor occupied with auxiliary control devices, at selective range of the catalyst –to- oil ratio parameter (  2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5) respectively.  The conversion of heavy vacuum gas oil which was obtained, reaches to (50, 70, 75 and 80) % for (2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 catalysts -to- oil ratio parameter respectively. The second step for this study was distillation of this cracking heavy vacuum gas oil liquid by atmospheric distillation device for these several catalyst -to- oil ratio parameter, according to obtained light fuel cuts (gasoline, kerosene and gas oil). The percentage volume of light fractions at various COR are (7, 25 and 18) for COR 2, (10, 20 and 40) for COR 2.5, (10, 30 and 35) for COR 3 and (15, 30 and 35) for COR 3.5  which separates according to its boiling point. The light cuts were distilled by atmospheric distillation device in order to obtained distillation curve. The third step was study the major physical and chemical properties for feed (heavy vacuum gas oil) and catalytic cracking liquid of HVGO at various COR with its light fuel fractions, the results refers to acceptable properties compared with other commercial properties.

A general evaluation method for the diabatic journal bearing

1974 ◽  
Vol 336 (1606) ◽  
pp. 307-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Equations ◽  
Independent Parameters

A design method is described for the steadily loaded, full journal bearing. This is presented as a non-iterative set of algebraic equations, where a dependent bearing parameter, e. g. eccentricity or power-loss, is predicted in terms of known independent parameters which include bearing geometry, running conditions and oil characteristics. The method is developed from a regression analysis of accurately computed, fully thermohydrodynamic, solutions for the bearing. These solutions are generated by simultaneously solving the Reynolds and energy equations in the oil film, the Laplace equation in the bearing material and the oil-mixing conditions at inlet. A quasi three-dimensional finite-difference technique is used. Both the particular solutions and the predictions of the design method compare favourably with a wide range of experimental data, the latter showing an improvement in accuracy and economy on existing design methods.

scholarly journals Transport in Flat Heat Pipes at High Heat Fluxes From Multiple Discrete Sources

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnikrishnan Vadakkan ◽  
Suresh V. Garimella ◽  
Jayathi Y. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Discrete Heat Sources ◽  
Energy Equations

A three-dimensional model has been developed to analyze the transient and steady-state performance of flat heat pipes subjected to heating with multiple discrete heat sources. Three-dimensional flow and energy equations are solved in the vapor and liquid regions, along with conduction in the wall. Saturated flow models are used for heat transfer and fluid flow through the wick. In the wick region, the analysis uses an equilibrium model for heat transfer and a Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy model for fluid flow. Averaged properties weighted with the porosity are used for the wick analysis. The state equation is used in the vapor core to relate density change to the operating pressure. The density change due to pressurization of the vapor core is accounted for in the continuity equation. Vapor flow, temperature and hydrodynamic pressure fields are computed at each time step from coupled continuity/momentum and energy equations in the wick and vapor regions. The mass flow rate at the interface is obtained from the application of kinetic theory. Predictions are made for the magnitude of heat flux at which dryout would occur in a flat heat pipe. The input heat flux and the spacing between the discrete heat sources are studied as parameters. The location in the heat pipe at which dryout is initiated is found to be different from that of the maximum temperature. The location where the maximum capillary pressure head is realized also changes during the transient. Axial conduction through the wall and wick are seen to play a significant role in determining the axial temperature variation.

A Conceptual Catalytic Cracking Process to Treat Vacuum Residue and Vacuum Gas Oil in Different Reactors

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1870-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haohua Gao ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Jianliang Chen ◽  
Chunming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Cracking Process

scholarly journals CATALYTIC CRACKING OF HEAVY OIL OF ALIF FIELD – MARIB- YEMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Rokhsana M. Ismail ◽  
Nadrah M. Husami ◽  
Sahar Alrifaei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Simple Distillation ◽  
Process Pressure ◽  
Light Gas Oil ◽  
Cracking Process ◽  
Cracking Products

The study presents the results of the catalytic cracking process of heavy oil of the Alif – Marib field in Yemen. The best conditions of the process, pressure, temperature, and using zeolite HZSM-5 as catalyst were selected. Based on the characteristics of the heavy oil, the analyses were done using a gas chromatography technique and catalytic cracking unit designed in the laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petrochemical faculty at Al-Baath University- Syria., refining process was done in Refining Company- Homs. The results of simple distillation of the cracking products at different range of temperature were (Gasoline= 19.5%; Kerosene=15%; Light gas oil= 36%; Distillate residue= 29.5%) and gases (CH4= 67.55 %; C2H4= 14.66 %; C2H6= 7.48 %; H3H8= 9.24%; C4H10=1.06 %). Extraction by sulfuric acid was done. An 84.044% oil-free aromatic has been gotten. In order to remove total paraffins from the oily cut that has a high pour point, different solvents were used. The properties of the oily cut from which the paraffin wax was removed gave encouraging results.

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