scholarly journals PHYSICAL QUALITY OF SOIL IN MECHANIZED THINNING OF Eucalyptus sp.

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Francieli De Vargas ◽  
Catize Brandelero ◽  
Denise Andréia Szymczak ◽  
Lúcio De Paula Amaral ◽  
Mirta Teresinha Petry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Physical Attributes

The traffic of machines is the main cause of compaction of forest soils, causing soil deformations, due to the pressures exerted by the machines, both at the time of cutting and in the transshipment of wood. In this sense, this work had as objective to evaluate soil compaction, caused by the traffic of machines, in the mechanized thinning operation of Eucalyptus saligna Smith. This study was carried out in forest stands, in the municipality of Butiá, RS. Changes in soil physical properties were evaluated in three treatments: with no traffic; after cutting; and after wood transshipment. The forest inventory and collection of undisturbed soil samples were carried out to determine microporosity, macroporosity and bulk density. The experimental design was the completely randomized, in a bifactorial arrangement, with subdivided plots. For the comparison of the physical attributes, the Tukey test (p≤0.05) of significance was used. The results evidenced increase in soil density values, mainly in the treatment after transshipment and decrease in macropores, with values close to and below the limit considerable as detrimental to the development of the plants. The knowledge of soil deformations caused by forest operations contributes to the improvement of future processes aiming to guide the physical quality of the soil, in order to offer beneficial conditions to the growth of the plants.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of maize and Brachiaria grasses cultivated at monocropping and intercropping in a compacted Latossolo

2020 ◽  
pp. 1533-1540
Author(s):  
Aline Borges Torino ◽  
Lucas Freitas do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Marlete Ferreira de Brito ◽  
Jordaanny Danyelly Pereira Lima ◽  
Wainer Gomes Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Simulated Grazing

Obtaining adequate yields by intercropping maize and grasses in soils with poor physical quality is a challenge for managing crop-livestock systems in the Cerrado region. The aim of the present study was to verify the viability of maize in intercropping with Brachiaria grasses in the second crop season in a physically degraded Latossolo. The experiment was carried out in accordance with a split-plot completely randomized block design with four replications. Seven treatments (T) were evaluated in the plots: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Paiaguas (p), Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes (x), Brachiaria ruziziensis (r) and maize (m) as monocrops (Tp1, Tx1, Tr1 and Tm1) and maize in intercropping with each of the three Brachiaria species (Tp2, Tx2 and Tr2). Two grass management systems were evaluated in each subplot: with (M1) and without simulated grazing (M2) of the grasses. Soil physical quality was estimated by the least limiting water range of undisturbed soil samples collected at layers of 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. Crop agronomic yield evaluations were carried out for maize, and both the forage biomass and mulch biomass of the grasses were evaluated. Water deficit during the reproductive crop phase and soil compaction explained the low productivity observed in the experiments. The replacement of the maize crops with pasture during the second crop season is indicated in physical degradation soil conditions. Use of the Brachiaria ruziziensis grass in the intercropping system under simulated pasture grazing resulted in a satisfactory forage yield in the off-season and was the best alternative for oversowing in the intercropping systems. Mulch biomass production in intercropping systems with simulated grazing did not reach adequate amounts for soil cover, and suppression of the last cut could potentially result in increased biomass accumulation and system viability. Overall, it is recommended that maize cultivation during the second crop season in Brazil be preceded by a soil compaction diagnosis.

scholarly journals KUALITAS FISIK DAGING DADA DAN PAHA BROILER YANG DIRENDAM DALAM LARUTAN DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Dian Septinova ◽  
Madi Hartono ◽  
Purnama Edy Santosa ◽  
Siti Hartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objectives of the study were (1) to know there was or no interaction between soaking time in bay leaf and type of carcass to the physical quality of broiler meat; (2) To know the duration of optimum immersion for the physical quality of the muscles of the breast and thighs. This research was arranged using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with factorial pattern. The first factor is the length of meat immersion in bay leaf solution, namely: P0: control; P1 (20 minutes); P2 (40 minutes); P3 (60 minutes). While the second factor is a piece of carcass, namely: K1 (thigh) and K2 (chest). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The research variables were pH of meat, WHC, and cooking loss. The data obtained were proceed to variance analyze and further tested by BNT  Test for length of  immersion and Tukey test for carcass type at 5% level of significant. The results showed that there was no interaction (P>0,05) between soaking time and carcass cut. The duration of immersion had no significant (P>0,05) effect on pH, WHC, and cooking loss. Carcasses cut of thight and breast have a significant effect (P<0,05) on pH and cooking loss, but are not significant (P>0,05) for WHC. The pH value of the thigh meat is significantly (P<0,5) higher than the breast, but the cooking loss is lower. Keywords :  Bay Leaf, Breast, Thight, Broiler, Physical Quality

scholarly journals USO DE FUNÇÕES DE PEDOTRANSFERÊNCIA PARA ESTIMATIVA DA RETENÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM UM LATOSSO NO ESTADO DE RONDÔNIA [ Use of pedotransfer functions for estimation of the water retention in Oxisol on the Rondônia state ]

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Luiz de Luna Pequeno ◽  
Flávio de Paula Fagundes ◽  
Raiany Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
Cláudio Luiz do Amaral Santini ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Rambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Pedotransfer Function ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Porto Velho

RESUMO:  A presente pesquisa objetivou testar funções de pedotransferência desenvolvidas para as condições brasileiras identificando a de melhor ajuste para determinação da retenção de água de um Latossolo do município de Porto Velho-RO. O banco de dados inicial constou de resultados analíticos do RADAMBRASIL e SIGTERON, onde a classe de solo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo foi escolhida. Para melhorar a qualidade do banco de dados, foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo, e nestas determinados atributos físicos do solo, tais como: granulometria, densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade e microporosidade, além do conteúdo volumétrico de água retido nas tensões de -0,006 e -0,01 MPa utilizando-se mesa de tensão. Os dados determinados (observados) e os preditos (por meio das funções de pedotransferências -  FPT) foram comparados graficamente através da relação 1:1, também por meio dos indicadores estatísticos: coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r²), erro médio (ME) e raiz quadrada do erro médio (RMSE). As FPT desenvolvidas por Pequeno (2016) apresentaram acurácia regular para predição do conteúdo de água retido. As funções de pedotransferências desenvolvidas por Urach (2007) foram as que melhores se ajustaram para predição do conteúdo e água retido nas condições edafoclimáticas analisadas. Considerando o comportamento dos modelos testados, a qualidade dos dados obtidos, as peculiaridades regionais, este trabalho possibilitou a observância da necessidade de desenvolvimento e validação de modelos específicos para as condições edafoclimáticas locais, o que poderá mostrar melhores ajustes e precisão para uso na estimativa da retenção de água no solo.ABSTRACT: The present research aimed to test pedotransfer functions developed for the Brazilian conditions identifying  the model of the best adjustment in the determination of water retention on the Ferrasol of the municipality of Porto Velho-RO. The initial database consisted of the analytical results of RADAMBRASIL and SIGTERON, where was chosen the Ferrasol soil class. In order to improve the quality of the database, undisturbed soil samples were collected and in these samples physical attributes of the soil was determinated: granulometry, soil density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity, as well as water volumetric content retained at -0.006 And -0.01 MPa using tension table. The determined (observed) and predicted (through pedotransfer function - FPT) data were compared graphically through the 1:1 ratio, as well as through statistical indicators: Pearson correlation coefficient (r²),  mean error (ME) and  root-mean-square error (RMSE). The pedotransfer function developed by Pequeno (2016) showed a regular accuracy to predict the water content retained. The pedotransfer function developed by Urach (2007) were the best fit for predicting the content and water retained in the edaphoclimatic conditions analyzed. Considering the behavior of the models tested, the quality of the data obtained, the regional peculiarities, this work allowed for the observance the need for development and validation of specific models for the local edaphoclimatic conditions, which may will show better adjustments and accuracy for to use on the estimating water retention on soil.

scholarly journals COMPACTAÇÃO DE UM LATOSSOLO SUBMETIDO AO TRÁFEGO DE SKIDDER COM DIFERENTES RODADOS

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Da Silva Lopes ◽  
Jean Alberto Sampietro ◽  
André Leonardo Nasser Pereira ◽  
Diego de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Increase In Productivity

O processo de mecanização da colheita de madeira possibilitou um aumento significativo na produtividade e na qualidade das operações. Entretanto, o tráfego intenso de máquinas pesadas tem sido o grande responsável pela compactação do solo em áreas florestais. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar os níveis de compactação de um Latossolo causada pelo trator florestal skidder com rodados de pneus e rodados de pneus recobertos com semiesteiras. O estudo foi conduzido nas áreas de colheita de madeira de uma empresa florestal localizada no estado do Paraná. A compactação do solo foi determinada por meio de alterações nas variáveis de densidade, porosidade total, porosidade de aeração e resistência do solo à penetração. As amostras de solo e os dados de resistência à penetração foram coletados em quatro pontos igualmente espaçados ao longo das trilhas de tráfego das máquinas e em linhas sem tráfego (testemunha), em três níveis de profundidade (0 a 15, 15 a 30 e 30 a 50 cm). A análise dos resultados mostrou que o skidder equipado com rodados de pneus foi responsável pela maior alteração na densidade do solo, com 1,22 e 1,17 mg.m-3 nas profundidade de 0 a 15 e 15 a 30 cm, respectivamente. Não houve alteração significativa nas propriedades físicas do solo devido ao tráfego do skidder com os diferentes tipos de rodados, mostrando que a instalação da semiesteira nos rodados das máquinas não acarretou em redução da compactação do solo.Palavras-chave: Compactação; tipos de rodados; extração florestal. AbstractCompaction of a latosol subjected to skidder traffic with different wheeled. The process of mechanization of timber harvesting allowed a significant increase in productivity and quality of operations. However, heavy traffic of large machines has been largely responsible for soil compaction in forest areas.This research aimed to evaluate the latosol compaction caused by skidder with tires and tracks over the tires. The study was developed in the logging areas of a forestry company located in Parana State. Soil compaction was evaluated by soil bulk density, aeration porosity, total porosity and penetrometer resistance. The soil samples and date of penetrometer resistance were taken at four points equally spaced along both the trails with and without traffic at three depth levels (0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 50 cm). The results showed that the skidder equipped with tires was responsible for the greatest change in density, with 1.22 and 1.17 mg.m-3 in the depth of 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm, respectively. There was not significant change in soil physical properties caused by skidder traffic with the different wheeled types, proving that the installation of the tracks over tires did not result in smaller soil compaction.Keywords: Compaction; wheeled types; wood extraction.

scholarly journals Structural changes in latosols of the cerrado region: I - relationships between soil physical properties and least limiting water range

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo da Costa Severiano ◽  
Geraldo César de Oliveira ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Júnior ◽  
Katia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Region I ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range

The agricultural potential of Latosols of the Brazilian Cerrado region is high, but when intensively cultivated under inappropriate management systems, the porosity can be seriously reduced, leading to rapid soil degradation. Consequently, accelerated erosion and sedimentation of springs and creeks have been observed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate structural changes of Latosols in Rio Verde, Goiás, based on the Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR), and relationships between LLWR and other physical properties. Soil samples were collected from the B horizons of five oxidic Latosols representing the textural variability of the Latosols of the Cerrado biome. LLWR and other soil physical properties were determined at various soil compaction degrees induced by uniaxial compression. Soil compaction caused effects varying from enhanced plant growth due to higher water retention, to severe restriction of edaphic functions. Also, inverse relationships were observed between clay content and bulk density values (Bd) under different structural conditions. Bd values corresponding to critical soil macroporosity (BdcMAC) were more restrictive to a sustainable use of the studied Latosols than the critical Bd corresponding to LLWR (BdcLLWR). The high tolerable compression potential of these oxidic Latosols was related to the high aeration porosity associated to the granular structure.

scholarly journals The use of pore volume characteristics and soil moisture release curve to determine physical quality of soils with different gypsum contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. Al-Kayssi ◽  
Ahmed Dawood Salman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Gypsum Content

"A newly proposed concept of soil physical quality and its development as a guide to assess the extent of soil degradation or improvement and to determine appropriate soil management. The study aimed to: evaluate the soil physical quality index of gypsiferous soils under different management systems as well as determine the optimal pore size distribution and the optimum moisture-tension curve based on the quality of the physical soil properties under different management systems and diagnose the distribution of pore sizes and moisture-tension curves that could be used to predict the changes in the physical quality of gypsiferous soils because of the applied agricultural management pattern. Physical indicators measured on undisturbed soil samples collected from 15 selected sites in Salah Aldeen Governorate, with different gypsum content (30 to 301 g kg-1 soil). The results showed that the best distribution of measured pore size (h) S *, (Normalized pore volume) was for a group of soils that were largely similar in terms of shape and location parameters. Accordingly, the optimal pore distribution considered representative of these soils. The results showed the possibility of using the (Dexter-S) indicator correctly and in coordination with the distribution of pore size and the soil moisture characteristic curve to calculate the physical soil quality in soils of different gypsum content.

scholarly journals Soil compaction affects the silage quality of sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha) grown on a Latosol in the Brazilian savanna

2020 ◽  
pp. 1121-1130
Author(s):  
Adalto José de Souza Linhares ◽  
Wainer Gomes Gonçalves ◽  
Savio Menezes Cabral ◽  
Marlete Ferreira de Brito ◽  
Eduardo Valcacer Brandstetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Density Values

On the basis of the natural seasonality of pastures during the dry season, preservation of forage, especially silage, is necessary. However, the effects of soil compaction within sunflower and grass crop fields on the nutritional quality of the silage produced are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentation and nutritional quality characteristics of sunflower silage under both monocropping and intercropping systems [with Paiaguas palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha)] under various degrees of soil compaction. A split-plot randomized complete block design was adopted. In the main plots, the treatments were bulk density values affected by the following traffic intensities: 0, 2, 10 or 30 passes of a tractor with tire wheels weighing 4.9 Mg. The subplots involved forage systems composed of sunflower as a monocrop or intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass. The fermentation, nutritional characteristics and in vitro digestibility of the silage were evaluated. Under the various aforementioned conditions, the agronomic characteristics of the forage were affected by increased soil compaction, resulting in changes in the fermentation and nutritional characteristics of the silage. The results showed that intercropping with Paiaguas palisadegrass and adequate proportions of sunflower allow good fermentation. This study recommends the adoption of practices that mitigate soil compaction and intercropping because of the increased forage productivity and the possibility of indirect renewal of the pasture.

The Utilization of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus costaricencis) As A Natural Colorant of Dried Noodle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silaturahmi Silaturahmi ◽  
Zaidiyah Zaidiyah ◽  
Tengku Mia Rahmiati
Keyword(s):  
Product Diversification ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Solid Loss ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Peel Extract

The use of colorants in the dried noodle manufactures is an effort of product diversification. Besides of being used as a natural coloring agent, this peel extract is also used to improve nutritional value of the expected product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract on the physical quality of dried noodle.  The study was conducted by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with one factor, namely concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract (N1 = 10 ml, N2 = 15 ml, N3 = 20 ml, N4 = 25 ml, N5 = 30 ml).  The observations of its physical quality consisted of water absorption, solid loss during cooking, and organoleptic tests (aroma and color).  The best quality of dried noodle was obtained by using 30 ml red dragon fruit peel extract (N5) with physical properties, namely DSA levels of 351.92%, solid loss during cooking 4.78%, aroma 3.79 (like) and color 3.89 (like).

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