scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF TEAK WOOD INFECTED BY Ceratocystis fimbriata

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037
Author(s):  
Jackeline Eliada Cichoski da Silva ◽  
Ariany Mendes Cruz ◽  
Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira ◽  
Aylson Costa Oliveira ◽  
Waldelaine Rodrigues Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Old Trees

In Brazil, the growth of Tectona grandis (teak) plantations is accompanied by an increased incidence of Ceratocystis wilt, a fungal disease that colonizes the vascular system of such tree. The objective of this work was to evaluate the properties of teak wood infected with Ceratocystis fimbriata at different radial positions. Ten 17-year-old trees (five infected and five healthy) were collected. A disk was removed from the base of each tree to determine Janka hardness, basic density, anatomical analysis, colorimetric parameters in the CIEL*a*b* system and sodium hydroxide solubility (NaOH). There were no significant differences for radial position and health for basic density and Janka hardness of the wood, with mean values of 0.488 g.cm3 and 58.66 MPa, respectively. The deposition of dark compounds was observed inside the parenchyma cells and fibers, as well as the formation of tyloses in the sapwood. Yellow pigment was predominant in the color formation of teak wood, which was influenced by radial position, with the sapwood being lighter. Regarding C. fimbriata infection, the color change was more evident in sapwood. Conversely, the NaOH solubility was lower for the sapwood attacked by the fungus. In conclusion, the changes in teak wood infected by C. fimbriata are visual and the anatomical structures do not deteriorate.

scholarly journals SURFACE CHEMICAL AND COLOR CHARACTERIZATION OF JUVENILE TECTONA GRANDIS WOOD SUBJECTED TO STEAM-DRYING TREATMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550091 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER BERROCAL ◽  
RÓGER MOYA ◽  
MARÍA RODRIGUEZ-SOLIS ◽  
RICARDO STARBIRD ◽  
FREDDY MUÑOZ
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Text Color ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Steam Drying

The color of Tectona grandis wood is an attribute that favors its commercialization, however, wood color from fast-growth plantation trees is clear and lacks uniformity. The aim of this work is to characterize steamed teak wood by means of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and [Formula: see text] color systems. Two moisture conditions (green and 50%) and two grain patterns (flat and quarter) of boards were analyzed through the application of different steaming times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18[Formula: see text]h). The FTIR results showed that the bands at 1158, 1231, 1373 and 1419[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] did not show any change with steaming, whereas the bands at 1053, 1108, 1453, 1506, 1536, 1558, 1595, 1652, 1683, 1700 and 1733[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] presented a decrease in the intensity with the steaming time. The band at 1318[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] was the only one that increased. Lightness ([Formula: see text]) was the most affected parameter, followed by yellowness ([Formula: see text]), while redness ([Formula: see text]) showed the smallest change. Surface color change ([Formula: see text]) presented the lowest value between 3[Formula: see text]h and 6[Formula: see text]h of steam-drying in the boards with flat grain, whereas for boards with quarter grain, the smallest [Formula: see text] value was obtained after 18[Formula: see text]h of steaming.

Influence of Rainfall, Irrigation and Age on the Growth Periodicity and Wood Structure in Teak (Tectona Grandis)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Priya ◽  
K.M. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Cambial Reactivation ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
June July ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Growth Periodicity

Growth periodicity was followed for two consecutive annual cycles to reveal the pattern of wood fonnation in plantation-grown teak at three different localities in India. Rainfall and age were the two important factors that influenced cambial activity. Cambial reactivation occurred during March-April in both years. The pre-monsoon showers broke the cambial donnancy at all three localities. Almost a month's interval was observed between bud break and initiation of radial growth . Irrespective of age and locality, a peak period of cambial activity occurred during June-July. Dormancy began during October-December, depending on the age of the trees and locality. Juvenile trees and those grown in relatively high rainfall areas had a prolonged cambial activity and retained foliage throughout the year. They produced wider rings with higher proportions of latewood. Irrigation of 5-year-old trees led to the loss of typical ring porosity of teak wood; their first three growth rings were more or less diffuse-porous. This is attributed to uninterrupted cambial activity resulting in production of rather uniform-sized vessels.

Effects of autonomic disruption and inactivity on venous vascular function

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. H515-H520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill M. Wecht ◽  
Ronald E. de Meersman ◽  
Joseph P. Weir ◽  
William A. Bauman ◽  
David R. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Venous Compliance ◽  
Venous Capacitance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Cord Injury

The effects of autonomic disruption and inactivity were studied on the venous vascular system. Forty-eight subjects, 24 with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 12 sedentary and 12 active able-bodied controls, participated in this study. Peripheral autonomic data were obtained to estimate sympathetic vasomotor control [low-frequency component of systolic blood pressure (LFSBP)]. Vascular parameters were determined using strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography: venous capacitance (VC), venous emptying rate (VER), and total venous outflow (VOt). An additional vascular parameter was calculated: venous compliance [(VC/occlusion pressure) × 100]. VC and VOt were significantly different (SCI < sedentary < active). VER adjusted for VC was not different for any group comparison, whereas venous compliance was significantly lower in the SCI group than in the able-bodied groups and in the sedentary group compared with the active group. Regression analysis for the total group revealed a significant relationship between LFSBP and venous compliance ( r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). After controlling for LFSBP through analysis of covariance, we found that mean differences for all venous vascular parameters did not change from unadjusted mean values. Our findings suggest that in subjects with SCI, the loss of sympathetic vasomotor tone contributes more than inactivity to reductions in venous vascular function. Heightened VC, VOt, vasomotor tone, and venous compliance in the active group compared with the sedentary group imply that regular endurance training contributes to optimal venous vascular function and peripheral autonomic integrity.

scholarly journals Color variability and relationship with basic density and extractive content of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Jaily Kerller Batista de Andrade ◽  
Marina Donária Chaves Arantes ◽  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva ◽  
Victor Fassina Brocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Density ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Wood Color ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
End Use ◽  
Cutting Height

There are reports relating color to extractives, however there is a lack of information about the effect of other characteristics on the colorimetry of wood. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal and radial variability of color and its relationship with the basic density and extractive contents of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood from a six-year-old plantation located in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. The determination and assessment of the wood color were carried out by the Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage - CIE-L*a*b* system. The basic density and extractive contents were determined according to current technical standards. The species wood color was classified as yellowish olive. The highest and lowest lightness (L*) were longitudinally observed in the base (cutting height) and diameter at breast height (DBH), taken at 1.30 m from the ground. In relation to radial position, the lightness (L*) was lower in peripheral regions of the trunk. Higher concentrations of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) and saturation (C) occurred along the DBH and the external radial position. In evaluating age, the extractive contents were not correlated to the wood color, while the basic density was correlated with a*, b*, C and h* colorimetric parameters. The colorimetric characterization of this specie contributes to its proper identification and a more homogeneous classification of lumber, and can be used from the log break-down (sawing) to its end use, adding commercial value to the wood.

scholarly journals Relationship of the cellular structure of teak wood (Tectona grandis L. f.) with different ages and growth sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Rául Rodríguez-Anda ◽  
◽  
Francisco J. Fuentes-Talavera ◽  
José A. Silva-Guzmán ◽  
Hilda Palacios-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Relationship Of

Heartwood decay resistance by vertical and radial position in Douglas-fir trees from a young stand

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1993-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L Gartner ◽  
Jeffrey J Morrell ◽  
Camille M Freitag ◽  
Rachel Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Radial Position ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Decay Fungus ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Old Trees

Heartwood durability of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied as a function of vertical and radial position in boles of trees with a wide range of leaf area/sapwood area ratios. Six 34-year-old trees were harvested from each of three plots established 14 years before: very dense, thinned, and thinned and fertilized. Heartwood samples from three radial positions and five heights were incubated with the decay fungus Postia placenta (Fr.) M. Larsen et Lombard. There were no significant differences in wood mass loss (decay resistance) by vertical or radial position. One could expect that trees with high leaf area/sapwood area could have the carbon to produce heartwood that is more resistant to decay than trees with lower leaf area/sapwood area. However, we found no relationship between leaf area above node 20, sapwood area there, or their ratio, and the decay resistance of outer heartwood at that node. These results suggest that, for young Douglas-fir trees, heartwood durability does not vary with position in the bole or with environments that alter the tree's balance of sapwood and leaf area. We suggest that young stands may thus be robust with respect to the effect of silvicultural regimes on heartwood durability.

Within-Tree Variation in Wood Fibre Biometry And Basic Density of the Urograndis Eucalypt Hybrid (Eucalyptus Grandis × E. Urophylla)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Quilhó ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Axial Variation ◽  
Average Fibre ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus ◽  
Old Trees

Within-tree variations in fibre length, width, wall thickness and wood basic density of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla (urograndis) were studied in five 6.8-yr-old seedling trees and five 5.6-yr-old trees from one clone from Brazil. Samples were taken at 5%, 25%, 35%, 55%, 65% and 90% of stem height and five radial positions (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of radius). The tree average fibre length, width and wall thickness were in seed and clone trees: 0.955 mm and 1.064 mm, 18 μm and 20 μm, 3.6 μm and 4.4 μm respectively. The axial variation of fibre dimensions was very low, while there was a consistent but small increasing trend from pith to periphery. The basic density ranged from 397–464 kg/m3 to 486–495 kg/m3 respectively in seedling and clone trees with a low variation along the stem. In comparison with other eucalypt pulpwood, e.g. E. globulus, the urograndis hybrid showed similar fibre dimensions and lower basic density. Overall the within-tree variation of these wood properties was low and age had a small impact on the variation of density and fibre dimensions.

scholarly journals Resistance to Ceratocystis Wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata) in Parents and Progenies of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cristina Gonçalves Rosado ◽  
Lúcio Mauro Da Silva Guimarães ◽  
Miranda Titon ◽  
Douglas Lau ◽  
Leonardo Rosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
High Degree

AbstractCeratocystis wilt, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is one of the most damaging diseases in eucalyptus plantations worldwide. Although there are resistant genotypes, the genetic basis of resistance is still poorly understood. In this paper we studied the resistance level by a stem inoculation experiment of genotypes of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla and estimated the heritability and gains of selection in families derived from controlled interspecific crosses. In both species, highly resistant as well as highly susceptible genotypes to Ceratocystis wilt were found. Out of 21 parents assessed, twelve were resistant and nine susceptible. Estimates of individual narrow (50%) and broad (59%) sense heritability suggested a high degree of genetic control and low allelic dominance of the trait. There was great genetic variation among and within families, a fact that contributes to high heritability and genetic gain. A genetic gain in lesion size of up to -74.4% was obtained from selection of the 50 best clones in the evaluated families, i.e., the mean lesion length in the progeny population can be reduced by 74,4%.

Vascular Trouble

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Dale Walters
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Central America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Ceratocystis Wilt ◽  
Cacao Tree ◽  
Ceratocystis Cacaofunesta

This chapter looks at two diseases affecting the vascular system of the cacao tree: vascular streak dieback, caused by the fungus Ceratobasidium theobromae, and wilt disease, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis cacaofunesta. Both diseases are considered as serious threats to cacao production and their impact has already been considerable and severe. Vascular streak dieback nearly destroyed the cacao industry in Papua New Guinea and is mercifully restricted to Indonesia, Malaysia, and South-East Asia, while Ceratocystis wilt has been reported in several countries in South and Central America, where it has caused substantial crop losses. The chapter examines the research being undertaken to better understand these diseases and how best to tackle them.

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