Analisis Paparan Radiasi Hambur di Ruang Isolasi COVID-19 RSUD Kraton Kabupaten Pekalongan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Heryani Heryani ◽  
Nurul Firdausi Nuzula ◽  
Ari Dwi Reskianto ◽  
Ryan Wahyu Widhianto
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
Isolation Room ◽  
Water Phantom ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiological Examinations

Analysis of Distributed Radiation Exposure in The Covid-19 Isolation Room in Kraton Re¬gional Hospital, Pekalongan Regency. Since Covid-19 was declared a world pandemic by WHO, isolation rooms have become a place that is often used to deal with pandemics. Radiological examinations or X-rays are used as a supporting examination in the diagnosis of Covid-19. So it is necessary to adjust the Covid protocol in the examination so that there is no transmission of the virus and the effects of unnecessary radiation. Isolation rooms used for radiological examinations of Covid-19 patients need to be reviewed for safety to comply with procedures. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the scattering radiation exposure in the Seruni isolation room of RSUD Kraton, Pekalongan Regency. The data in this paper were taken by measuring the amount of scatter radiation exposure in room B of the isolation room Seruni RSUD Kraton Pekalongan Regency, on February 16, 2021. This measurement was carried out with a water phantom as object with the highest exposure factor for thorax examination, namely 70 kV and 16 mAs and carried out at several points around the water phantom object with a distance of 2 meters from the source. The measurement results of scattered radiation exposure are then compared with the Dose Limit Value (NBD) for the general public of 1 mSv in one year. Analysis of the measure¬ment of scatter radiation exposure in the Seruni isolation room at Kraton Hospital, Pekalongan Regency, still experienced leaks and the exposure value exceeded tolerance. The measurement results in the hallway of the Seruni room are 676 Sv/h, in addition to the radiographer (2 meters on the left side of the phantom) it is 627.12 Sv/h, at a distance of 2 meters the right side of the phantom is 287.04 Sv/h, and a distance of 2 meters in front of the hall phantom of 676 Sv/h. The follow-up that needs to be done to optimize radiation protection is to install at least 3 scattering radiation shields.

Analisis Uji Paparan Radiasi di Ruang Isolasi Covid-19 RSUD Karawang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Neng Dheni Widayanti ◽  
◽  
Rini Marini ◽  
Inez Noviani Indah
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Isolation Room ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Safe Limits ◽  
National Disaster

Introduction: WHO has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. The Indonesian government stated that COVID-19 was a national disaster. Objective: Conduct a radiation exposure examination for the workplace area around the isolation room for COVID-19 at Kerawang Hospital. This examination ensures radiation safety, which is then used as an evaluation material to improve radiation safety. Methods: Descriptive study with direct measurements in the COVID-19 isolation room with measurement points in several treatment rooms frequently examined chest X-rays. Calculation of the exposure test by calculating the measured value minus the background value then multiplying the calibration factor. Results and Discussion: Measurement of radiation exposure test was carried out in 3 locations, namely in the emergency covid x-ray room, room 107, and room 112. The measurement results from the emergency COVID-19 x-ray room showed that the exposure to the parking area was 0.13 μSv. Measurements from room 107 obtained exposure in the changing room for nurses of 0.113 μSv / h, Nurse Station of 0.063 μSv / h, and the doctor’s room of 0.149 μSv /h. For measurements from room 112, radiation exposure in the anteroom room was 0.205 μSv /h, Nurse Station was 0.123 μSv /h, and the doctor’s room was 0.183 μSv /h. Thus, the radiation exposure tests in several locations in the COVID-19 isolation room at the Karawang Hospital were below 0.25 μSv /h for the general public or were declared safe. Conclusions and suggestions: The results of radiation exposure tests in several locations of the COVID-19 isolation room at Karawang Hospital are still within safe limits, carried out to provide safety and comfort for doctors and paramedics working in their respective workspaces and working in the covid room area both in terms of safety in dealing with patients or from radiation safety.

scholarly journals SECONDARY RADIATION MAPPING

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vlachos ◽  
Ioannis Kandarakis ◽  
Giorgos Panayiotakis
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Secondary Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scatter Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Water Phantom ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Dose

Radiation protection for personnel working with X-rays is of vital importance. Several studies have been published regarding the secondary radiation and the shielding requirements to areas that are adjacent to the X-ray units. In this work, secondary radiation in a conventional radiographic room, in terms of dose rate (mSv/hr), as a function of different radiographic exposure factors has been studied. The measurements were performed with a 451P Fluke Biomedical survey meter on a Philips Medio 65 CP-H X-ray generator with a cylindrical water phantom. It was found that the dose rate from the scatter radiation decreases with distance. An added filtration of 2.0 mmAl at 100 kVp reduced the secondary dose rate further by 21.4%. The results of this study may be of value during exposure of personnel that are not protected by shielding materials. Highlights Ÿ It was found that the dose rate from the scatter radiation decreases with distance. An added filtration of 2.0 mmAl at 100 kVp reduced the secondary dose rate further by 21.4%. Ÿ The mean secondary X-ray energies for 60, 80, 100 and 100 kV with 2 mmAl added, were calculated as 34.41, 51.12, 69.03 and 71.29 keV respectively. Ÿ The results of this study are of value during exposure of people such as radiographers, and patients during the use of mobile X-ray units.

scholarly journals Subacute physeal abscess: case report to illustrate treatment with a minimally invasive incision and drainage technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. e51-e54 ◽  
Author(s):  
TT Shah ◽  
KF Chin ◽  
A Noorani ◽  
D Nairn
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Suction Catheter ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Brodie’S Abscess ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Introduction Brodie’s abscess is a form of subacute osteomyelitis characterised by a low grade pyogenic abscess found most commonly in the metaphysis. One rare form found in children crosses the physeal growth plate and into the epiphysis. Due to the rarity of this subtype and apprehension associated with treatment of the transphyseal abscess, no clear guidance exists on its management. Case History We present a case of delayed diagnosis of Brodie’s abscess crossing the physis in a 14-year-old boy. He gave a one-year history of pain in the right knee and early x-rays had shown lucent areas in the tibia. However, these were only noted to be significant at presentation one year later. We also describe an improvised minimally invasive and atraumatic technique of modifying a laminar suction catheter for accessing and draining the abscess. Conclusions From our experience and reports in the literature it is clear that antibiotic treatment is generally advocated with varying degrees of surgical intervention. Outcomes are largely favourable. Nevertheless, initial drainage allows samples to be sent for microbiological and histological assessment to aid subsequent management and may prevent subsequent leg length discrepancy from failed conservative treatment. We believe that management of a transphyseal abscess must include early drainage and a prolonged course of antibiotics. The antibiotic choice and duration will be governed by culture results and local policy but is commonly given for up to six weeks in the literature and must include one antistaphylococcal drug.

Sustainability of Cardiac Imaging

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Picano ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Testing ◽  
Radiological Dose ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Medical imaging is the largest controllable source of radiation exposure in the population of industrialised countries – totalling around 150 chest X-rays per head per year. Of these exposures, one half comes from cardiovascular testing (cardio-computed tomography [CT], nuclear cardiology and interventional cardiology). The high level of radiation exposure provides immense benefits when appropriate, but may result in an increased incidence of radiation-induced cancer in the not-too-distant future. Current estimates suggest that about five to 10 % of all cancers may be due to medical radiation exposure. Of every three examinations, one is inappropriately prescribed (lack of justification) and another is performed with inappropriately high radiation doses (lack of optimisation). Cardiologists are often unaware of the radiological dose of the examination they prescribe or practice, but they should make every effort so that “each patient should get the right imaging exam, at the right time, with the right radiation dose”, as suggested by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 2010 initiative to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure from medical imaging. This is best obtained through a systematic implementation of the ‘3A’s strategy’ proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency in 2011: audit (of true delivered dose); appropriateness (since at least one-third of examinations are inappropriate); awareness (since the knowledge of doses and risks is largely suboptimal in doctors and patients). A good cardiologist cannot be scared of radiation, but must always remain aware of the risks.

scholarly journals Cryptococcal Sialoadenitis in a Dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Olivia Maria Moreira Borges ◽  
Valbério Brito Alves ◽  
Rosileide Dos Santos Carneiro ◽  
Sabrina Barros Araujo Dantas ◽  
Rodrigo Antônio Torres Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Submandibular Region ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Background: Salivary gland diseases in dogs have an overall incidence of 0.3%. Sialocele and sialoadenitis are the most common injuries and are usually caused by infectious diseases, especially of bacterial origin. Currently, Cryptococcus neoformans has not been registered as the etiological agent since fungal participation is unusual. This case report describes a cryptococcal sialoadenitis in a dog.Case: A 1.9-year-old male poodle had a swelling of the right submandibular region, combined with dry cough and snoring that persisted for about 30 days. The dog often walked in the town square, which has pigeons, and was seen eating chicken droppings. The dog was diagnosed with sialoadenitis in the right submandibular salivary gland. The following laboratory tests were performed cytology, fungal culture, blood count, search for hemoparasites, total plasma protein (ppt), alanine aminotransferase dosage (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea (U), creatinine (CREA), Albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), globulin (GLOB) and amylase (AML). In addition, the dog underwent cervical, thoracic and abdominal ultrasound, and cervical x-rays. The cytology results showed fungal sialoadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The blood testresults evidenced thrombocytopenia and increased ppt, TP, GLOB, and AML. The lungs and heart x-rays results showed no alterations. However, the proximal third of the trachea was displaced ventrally. The abdominal area had no changes, but hypertrophy of the salivary gland was observed, with irregular contour, heterogeneous echotexture, and multiple cavitaryareas flled with intraluminal fluid of cellular appearance. The ketoconazole (5 mg/kg/BID/20 days) treatment prescribed led to drug-induced hepatitis. The new treatment with Itraconazole (10 mg/kg/SID/90 days) resulted in complete clinical resolution without any side effect or relapse one year after the treatment.Discussion: Although poodle is not commonly associated with the epidemiology of the disease, this breed seems to be susceptible, as well. The contact with pigeons during the walks was likely the source of infection by C. neoformans, but the ingestion of chicken droppings cannot be discarded. The coughing and snoring resulted from the pharyngeal and tracheal compression, with subsequent activation of the reflex. The clinical and laboratory fndings suggest a new infection route by the etiological agent, possibly the opening of the salivary duct located in the sublingual carbuncle. Biopsy or ablation of the affected salivary gland was not necessary, reducing the risk of sepsis and/or death. Hyperamylasemia indicates that AML can be used as a complementary tool to diagnose sialoadenitis. Itraconazole administered for 90 days resulted incomplete healing while no side effects or relapse was observed one year after the treatment. Cryptococcus neoformans can affect the submandibular salivary gland and, therefore, cryptococcosis should enter the differential diagnosis list of canine sialoadenitis and sialocele. Itraconazole has been shown to be effective to treat a dog with sialoadenitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.Keywords: sialoadenitis, sialocele, cryptococcosis, salivary gland, dog.

scholarly journals Outcome of Fracture Distal Femur Treated with Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-291
Author(s):  
Ajmal Khan Silro ◽  
Niaz Hussain Keerio ◽  
Mohsin Aijaz Soomro ◽  
Muhammad Faraz Jokhio ◽  
Raheel Akbar Baloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Functional Score ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Locking Nail ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Radiological Union

Objective: To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of the distal femur fracture treated with a retrograde locking nail. Methods: This is a descriptive study conducted at the Orthopedic department Dibba Hospital Fujairah, United Arab Emirates for one-year duration from March 2019 to March 2020. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were treated with femoral retrograde nailing technique. The postoperative functional score was assessed according to Schatzker and Lambert criteria, which were rated excellent, good, and poor. Radiological union was assessed by X-rays. Results: There were 103 patients with a mean age of 35.20 ± 10.66 (range, 20 to 50 years). There were 78 men (75.72%) and 25 women (24.27%). Most of the fractures (68.9%, n = 71) were caused by car accidents. Fracture of the right side occurred in 70 (67.96%) patients, and the left side fracture in 33 (32.03%) patients. Excellent results were obtained in 75 (72.81%) patients and good results were obtained in 28 patients (28.20%). The nonunion has been documented in one patient. Conclusion: Excellent and good functional and radiological results were obtained in patients with distal femur treated with retrograde locking nails. For some distal femoral fractures, we recommend the use of a retrograde locking nail.

Osteosynthesis at pelvic injuries in toy-breed dogs

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Nikolay I. Antonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Pelvic Trauma ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Skeletal Trauma ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Pelvic Injuries ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Osteosynthesis Techniques ◽  
One Year

Pelvic injuries account for 16 to 25% of all skeletal trauma in small pets. Small dogs as companion dogs are now widespread. Unusual exterior and behavioral features have made them popular and at the same time vulnerable in the modern urban environment. The author defined the nature of injuries and adapted technique of transosseous osteosynthesis for the treatment of toy-breed dogs with pelvic trauma. The study of the X-rays in 226 dogs with pelvic injuries demonstrated that toy-breed dogs accounted for 16% of the total. Multiple pelvic trauma was revealed in 95% of them. Surgical treatment was performed in 24 dogs, conservative one - in 13, that amounted to 65% and 35%, respectively. Surgical treatment consisted in open juxtaposing of fragments and focal transosseous and/or internal osteosynthesis with subsequent external fixation using devices of various designs. The external structures were of three types: half-ring support or U-shaped staple, pair of parallel curved plates connected by two threaded rods with each other, and pair of curved plates located bilaterally on both sides of the pelvis and connected by two threaded rods with the help of threaded ends. The terms of fixation for pelvic injuries in toy-breed dogs at the age under one year were 42 days on the average, and in the dogs at the age above one year - 60 days. Surgical treatment in toy-breed dogs with pelvic injuries was performed more often in comparison with conservative one. Pelvic trauma was accompanied by pronounced pain shock. The osteosynthesis techniques used in toy-breed dogs are little traumatic and not limiting functions thereby contributing to recovery of all the structures of pelvis and pelvic limbs.

MINIMIZING THE EXPOSURE TO THE EYE LENS OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING PATIENTS DURING CHEST X RAYS: A PHANTOM STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Yasuda Mitsuyoshi ◽  
Funada Tomoya ◽  
Sato Hisaya ◽  
Kato Kyoichi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Phantom Study ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiologic Technologists ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
The Right

Abstract As chest x rays involve risks of patients falling, radiologic technologists (technologists) commonly assist patients, and as the assistance takes place near the patients, the eye lenses of the technologists are exposed to radiation. The recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection suggest that the risk of developing cataracts due to lens exposure is high, and this makes it necessary to reduce and minimize the exposure. The present study investigated the positions of technologists assisting patients that will minimize exposure of the eye lens to radiation. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the exposure by assisting from the following positions: 50% at the sides rather than diagonally behind, 10% at the right side of the patient rather than the left and 40% at 250 mm away from the patient. The maximum reduction with radiation protection glasses was 54% with 0.07 mmPb and 72% with 0.88 mmPb.

scholarly journals In Vivo Usability Test of Vascular Intervention Robotic System Controlled by Two Types of Master Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5453
Author(s):  
Hwa-Seob Song ◽  
Jae-Hong Woo ◽  
Jong-Yun Won ◽  
Byung-Ju Yi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Vascular Intervention ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Usability Test ◽  
Usability Tests ◽  
System Usability Scale

Conventional vascular intervention (VI) procedures are typically performed manually under exposure to X-rays, whereby several problems are presented that need to be addressed owing to the patients and doctors being exposed to large amounts of radiation. In such cases, employing radiation protection units is not a long-term solution to avoid physical damage. Therefore, to overcome these issues, we propose a robotic VI system in this study. Moreover, we compare the extent of radiation exposure in the case of the conventional manual VI procedure with that in the case of the robotic procedure. The radiation exposure is then analyzed from the perspective of the doctor. Subsequently, the results of usability tests for two proposed master devices are presented in terms of the NASA task load index (NASA-TLX) and the system usability scale (SUS) score. To verify the effectiveness of the robotic VI system, animal experiments are conducted using a pig model. Among the two types of master devices tested with the proposed robotic VI system, the ergonomically designed 2-degree-of-freedom master device is found to be more effective than the joystick-type device in terms of the usability test scores. Hence, the proposed robotic VI procedure is shown to be advantageous in terms of reducing radiation exposure and improving usability.

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