scholarly journals Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Antonia Giacco ◽  
Elena Silvestri ◽  
Rosalba Senese ◽  
Federica Cioffi ◽  
Arianna Cuomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Physiological Interventions ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity? Antonia Giacco1*, Elena Silvestri1*, Rosalba Senese2, Federica Cioffi1, Arianna Cuomo2, Assunta Lombardi3, Maria Moreno1, Antonia Lanni2 and Pieter de Lange()2  1Dipartimento di Science e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy 3Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy © The Authors   Abstract Obesity and related co-morbidities are a major public health threat worldwide, and efforts to counteract obesity by means of physiological interventions are currently being explored and applied. Here we present an overview of the literature on the effect of dietary/exercise-based programs on loss of different components of body mass. We also discuss gain or lack of loss of lean mass in view of muscle quality maintenance, which is an important aspect to consider when employing weight-loss strategies to tackle obesity. By comparing results obtained in participants with mild to severe obesity with those obtained in lean participants, we highlight variations in the success of these interventions. Furthermore, we briefly address the observation that although certain interventions may not always affect body composition they can nevertheless ameliorate co-morbidities (insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Based on what is currently known, in this narrative review we include data from human and animal studies related to the process of unravelling the mechanisms underlying conservation of functional muscle mass.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2 decades: the NAGALA study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Okamura ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Masahide Hamaguchi ◽  
Akihiro Obora ◽  
Takao Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background In this study, to clarify the evolving background of people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we compared the current prevalence of NAFLD with that of 2 decades ago. Methods We included two cohorts. The past cohort was from 1994 to 1997 and included 4279 men and 2502 women. The current cohort was from 2014 to 2017 and included 8918 men and 7361 women. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Results The prevalence of NAFLD increased in both genders throughout these 2 decades (18.5% in the past cohort and 27.1% in the current cohort for men; and 8.0% in the past cohort and 9.4% in the current cohort for women). The prevalence of hyperglycemia increased, whereas the prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hypertriglyceridemia significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in the mean body mass index. Multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of obesity and body mass index were significantly associated with the prevalence of NAFLD in both the past and current cohorts. Conclusions The incidence of NAFLD significantly increased throughout these 2 decades, and obesity is the most prevalent factor. Thus, body weight management is an essential treatment option for NAFLD.

852 NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) MAY DEVELOP IN PATIENTS WITH NORMAL BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. S340 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Margariti ◽  
M. Deutsch ◽  
S. Manolakopoulos ◽  
G. Kaflri ◽  
D. Tiniakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Mortality for Severe Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. S855-S856
Author(s):  
Ashley H. Davis-Yadley ◽  
Seth Lipka ◽  
Ghulamullah Shahzad ◽  
Steven B. Clayton ◽  
Ambuj Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Effect of ipragliflozin on metabolic syndrome components and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
N. A. Petunina ◽  
M. E. Telnova ◽  
I. A. Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are the new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its mechanism of action is to increase the excretion of glucose in the urine due to inhibition of reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules, which leads to a decrease in blood glucose levels. These drugs also have pleiotropic effects including reduce body weight and blood pressure, improve the lipid profile (raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowering triglyceride levels), and reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and nephroprotection. Ipragliflozin, a new representative of the class of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, registered in Russia, has shown effectiveness in relation to glycemic control, reducing the levels of glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose both in monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic drugs. The PRIME-V and ILLUMINATE studies have demonstrated that ipragliflozin helps to reduce insulin resistance, body weight, BMI and waist circumference, total and LDL cholesterol. Positive effects of ipragliflozin on pancreatic β-cell mass and function have been shown in animal studies. Several studies have examined the beneficial effects of ipragliflozin on the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Significant reductions in ALT and GGT levels and a decrease in the absolute percentage of liver fat have been shown. Animal studies have confirmed the effect of ipragliflozin on the histological characteristics of NASH. The review presents data on the efficacy of ipragliflozin in relation to the components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and also discusses the likely mechanisms of a positive effect of the drug on the course of NASH in type 2 diabetes mellitus. 

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