scholarly journals Impacts of Highway Infrastructure Investment Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Hoon Cho ◽  
Daegoon Lee ◽  
Dayton M. Lambert ◽  
Roland K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Vehicle Miles Traveled ◽  
Spatial Durbin Model ◽  
Demand Equation ◽  
Highway Infrastructure ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the impact on highway demand of highway disbursements under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Vehicle miles traveled were used to estimate a highway demand equation employing a spatial Durbin model for the 48 contiguous U.S. states during 1994-2008. Estimates from the equation were used to test the hypothesis that highway disbursements caused different upward shifts in the highway demand curves of states. We estimated $8.2 billion in total net benefits for the 48 states as a result of the $27.2 billion in ARRA highway disbursements, yielding an average net benefit of $0.30 per dollar spent.

The impact of rural infrastructural investment on farmers' income growth in China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishuang Wang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Zehao Wang ◽  
Qiu Tan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Conduction Mechanism ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose and verify the influence mechanism of various kinds of infrastructure investment on farmers' income in rural China. It further analyzes the effect of rural infrastructure investment on rural economic transformation.Design/methodology/approachThis research is used to GMM model to verify the relationship between infrastructure investment and farmers' income; furthermore, the mediating effect model is used to verify the linear conduction mechanism, and panel threshold model is used to verify the nonlinear conduction mechanism.FindingsThe results show that: (1) Rural infrastructure investment can indirectly affect farmers' income by changing land efficiency and land use structure; (2) The impact of infrastructure investment on farmers' income is nonlinear; (3) Increasing infrastructural investment of productivity and transportation will contribute to accelerating the transformation of rural economy.Originality/valueThis paper expands the research on the impact of rural infrastructure investment on farmers' income; it analyzes the inner mechanism and enriches the research contents in this field; the influence of various infrastructure investment on rural economic transformation is further discussed; it provides policy suggestions and theoretical basis for accelerating the transformation of China's rural economy.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Effect of Agricultural Infrastructure Investment on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Liu Ran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, using the panel data of the National Bureau of Statistics database from 2010 to 2019, and using the random effect model, we studied the impact of agricultural infrastructure investment on economic growth. The empirical results show that the investment in agricultural infrastructure can significantly improve the national economy, among which the investment in new infrastructure promotes the economic growth to a certain extent. After comparing the eastern, central and western regions, it is found that the investment in agricultural infrastructure in the western region contributes more to the economic growth, and the statistical results are more significant. Based on the analysis of the role of agricultural infrastructure investment in promoting economic growth, this paper will further discuss the relevant suggestions of the “two new and one heavy” policy in the agricultural field, and promote the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure with the improvement of agricultural infrastructure, and promote the formation of a new development pattern of “double circulation”.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Dampak Penggunaan Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit (SIRS) Terhadap Pelayanan Kesehatan Menggunakan Hot-Fit Model 2006

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Frendy Rocky Rumambi ◽  
Salahudin Robo ◽  
Citra Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
It Personnel

Hospital Information System (SIRS) is an integrated information system that aims to handle all hospital management processes, ranging from diagnostic services, medical data measures, medical records, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical warehouses, billing, personnel databases, payroll, and accounting to the control management. Based on Indonesian Constitution No. 44 Article 52 year 2009, paragraph 1 states that "Indonesian hospitals are required to record and report all activities that occur within a hospital". On the Indonesia ministry regulation, PERMENKES No. 1171 year of 2011, Article 1 paragraph 1 states that "Each hospital is required to apply SIRS". Therefore Dr. Samratulangi Tondano District Hospital of Minahasa Regency in the North Sulawesi uses SIRS to improve employee performance in providing health services to the community. The paper discussed how to identify the impact of the use of Hospital Information Systems (SIRS) on health services. The purpose of this study is to look at the impact of the use of the SIRS system based on four indicators contained in the 2006 Human Organizational Technology (HOT-Fit) method in addition to the DeLone and McLean Success 2003 methods. By taking 150 respondents of SIRS users randomly, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.The four hypotheses derived from three components namely "Technology", "Human" and "Organization" have a positive impact and provide a net benefit to the use of the system. In short, the majority of users SIRS only focuses on functions for registration and administration rather than clinical functions. The availability of IT units and IT personnel influences the use of SIRS as well.

The impact of freight infrastructure investment on employment in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ngepah ◽  
Phindile N. Nkosi ◽  
A. E. Ndzignat Mouteyica ◽  
Charles Shaaba Saba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
The Impact

The Weitzman Argument

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gollier
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Net Benefits

This chapter examines a model in which the exogeneous rate of return of capital is constant but random. Safe investment projects must be evaluated and implemented before this uncertainty can be fully revealed, i.e., before knowing the opportunity cost of capital. A simple rule of thumb in this context would be to compute the net present value (NPV) for each possible discount rate, and to implement the project if the expected NPV is positive. If the evaluator uses this approach, this is as if one would discount cash flows at a rate that is decreasing with maturity. This approach is implicitly based on the assumptions that the stakeholders are risk-neutral and transfer the net benefits of the project to an increase in immediate consumption. Opposite results prevail if one assumes that the net benefit is consumed at the maturity of the project.

scholarly journals Self-adaptive multi-population-based Jaya algorithm to optimize the cropping pattern under a constraint environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-384
Author(s):  
Vijendra Kumar ◽  
S. M. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Jaya Algorithm ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Optimal Cropping ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Self Adaptive

Abstract Increasing population around the world, especially in India and China, has resulted in a drastic increase in water intake in both domestic and agricultural sectors. This, therefore, requires that water resources be planned and controlled wisely and effectively. With this consideration, the aim of the study is to achieve an optimal cropping pattern under a constrained environment. The objective is to maximize the net benefits with an optimum use of water. For optimization, a self-adaptive multi-population Jaya algorithm (SAMP-JA) has been used. For the Karjan reservoir in Gujarat State, India, two different models, i.e. maximum and average cropping patterns, were formulated based on the 75 per cent dependable inflow criteria. These two model scenarios are developed in such a way that either model can be selected by the farmer based on the crop area and its respective net benefits. Invasive weed optimization (IWO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE) and the firefly algorithm (FA) were compared to the results. The results show that the SAMP-JA obtained the maximum net benefit for both the models. The findings of the research are also compared with the actual cropping pattern. A significant increase has been noted in the cultivation of sugarcane, groundnut, wheat, millet, banana and castor. SAMP-JA has been noted to converge faster and outperforms PSO, DE, IWO, FA, teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO), the Jaya algorithm (JA), elitist-JA and elitist-TLBO.

Management of oral anticoagulation after intracerebral hemorrhage

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joji B Kuramatsu ◽  
Hagen B Huttner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background The most recent years have significantly expanded knowledge regarding risks and benefits of resuming oral anticoagulation (OAC) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). No randomized data is yet available, though several large observational studies and meta-analyses have investigated the impact of resuming OAC on thromboembolic versus hemorrhagic complications in these high-risk patients after ICH. Aims The present review will summarize the most important studies conducted over the last years and will focus on relevant factors help guiding on decision-making on whether to start OAC after ICH. Summary of review Several important factors (demographic, co-morbidities, clinical characteristics) need to be considered before individual decision-making for or against OAC is employed. Existing observational data suggest that patients after ICH with indication for long-term oral anticoagulation benefit from OAC given significant reductions of thromboembolic events without significantly increasing bleeding complications. Studies even suggest that thereby also clinical outcomes may be improved. Prospective trials currently recruiting patients will clarify whether OAC after ICH – or left atrial appendage closure as a meaningful alternative – is of clinical net-benefit. Conclusions Large sized and well-executed investigations (moderate quality of evidence) are showing that OAC resumption after ICH decreases thromboembolic complications and long-term mortality without significantly increasing bleeding complications. Further, data suggest that resumption may be safer in non-lobar ICH compared to lobar ICH, but overall, thoughtful selection, strict blood pressure control, and precise communication are paramount before starting a patient on OAC after ICH.

scholarly journals Accessibility in the regional CGE framework: the effects of major transport infrastructure investments in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Rokicki ◽  
Eduardo A. Haddad ◽  
Jonathan M. Horridge ◽  
Marcin Stępniak
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Investment Spending ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSince its EU accession, Poland has invested strongly in the development of fast road transport network. As a result, the total length of modern, high-speed roads has increased from around 500 km in 2005 to over 3000 km in 2015. Yet, while the positive impact of transport infrastructure investment on overall accessibility is unquestionable there are no studies that assess its influence on economic development of particular regions. This paper applies a regional dynamic CGE model to measure the effects of big transport infrastructure investments in Polish NUTS2 regions. We use data on both investment spending and accessibility improvement (expressed as a reduction in transport margins) in order to distinguish between possible short and long term impacts. We find that there exist significant disparities in the impact between regions with high share of major road infrastructure investment undertaken by private investors and the ones that relied fully on public funding. In the case of the former, the lack of analyzed investment would lead to relatively significant decrease in real GDP or average employment. In the case of the latter, the impact of major road infrastructure investment is almost negligible.

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