scholarly journals La guerre est fini y/o ¿La guerra ha terminado?: El film de Alain Resnais y Jorge Semprún y su papel en la exposición permanente del Centro de Arte Reina Sofía

Periphērica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-161
Author(s):  
Maureen Tobin Stanley
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Alain Resnais ◽  
Jorge Semprun

This article analyzes the ambiguity in the film La guerre est finie ([The War Is Over] 1966, director Alain Resnais, screenwriter Jorge Semprún) whose declarative title becomes a question in the title of the permanent exhibit at the Reina Sofía National Museum in Madrid: Is the War Over? Art in a Divided World (1945-1968). The works invite the viewer to question the nationalism that catapulted the Spanish Civil War, whose victory marked the first triumph for European fascisms and concomitant genocides. While the film entirely lacks symbols of irrefutable national identity, the paintings incorporate and subvert certain icons of (regional, Francoist, Nazi or Fascist) nationalism, as well as emblems of the Spanish Republic and Spain. The artworks respond in theme and form to nationalist ideology and esthetics. Although the film—whose screenwriter Jorge Semprún had been imprisoned in the Nazi camp at Buchenwald—limits itself to implicit allusions to the eradication of the domestic enemy on Iberian soil and the so-called stateless undesirables exiled in foreign lands, the exhibit explicitly references Nazism and other 20th-century genocides. The collection of works exemplifies Aharon Appelfeld’s assertion: that only art has the ability to redeem suffering from the abyss. The film and the plastic works respond not only to nationalist ideologies and concomitant lived and witnessed experiences, but also to nationalist art. Through the visual counternarratives that give voice to myriad victimizations, these works make manifest and denounce, in theme and form, the anti-intellectualization and the fervent sentiment of political zeal.

Catalan Identity in the 20th Century Novel

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-164
Author(s):  
Adolf Piquer Vidal
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Merce Rodoreda ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Montserrat Roig ◽  
Terenci Moix

The 20th century is definitely the consolidation of Catalan literary movements in which Catalan identity plays a fundamental role. Modernism and avant-garde movements prompted a renewal of literary genres. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was a point of conflict that led to the exile of most writers in Catalan. However, they continued publishing their works in Catalan. That´s the case of La Plaça del Diamant by Mercé Rodoreda and Cròniques de la veritat oculta by Pere Calders. That process of exile came to an end between 1962 to 1975 (death of Franco). Terenci Moix, Montserrat Roig, and others belonged to a generation called “generació literària dels setanta.” Most of them were born in Spanish postwar, educated in Francoism, concerned to recover the Catalan national identity, democratic politics, and social liberation of women and gay people.

From Civil Conflict to Crusade: Mobilisation and National Identity in the Spanish Civil War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Mercedes Peñalba-Sotorrío
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
International Context ◽  
Post War ◽  
At Home

Abstract For decades after its conclusion, the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) was officially described by the newly imposed dictatorship as a Crusade. However, the appropriation of a mythologised medieval past was not just the product of post-war legitimisation. This article explores how, using “crusade” as a placeholder for Reconquista, the rebel army and its supporters responded to three distinct developments: a reaction to Republican anticlericalism; the imposition of a national identity in which Catholicism was understood as an essential element of Spanishness and the basis for its greatness; and a very practical need for popular mobilisation both at home and abroad. However, as this study demonstrates, the adoption of a crusading rhetoric and medieval mythology was a transnational development, in which distinct anti-Bolshevik campaigns, with origins in Rome and Spain, fed off each other and intersected, sometimes in intricate and hidden ways, within the increasingly polarised international context of the 1930s.

Scots and the Spanish Civil War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser Raeburn
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
The Many ◽  
Scottish Politics ◽  
At Home

Few causes before or since have inspired such passion, determination and sacrifice than the Spanish Civil War (1936-9). This book explores the many ways in which Scots responded to the war in Spain, covering the activists and humanitarians who raised funds and awareness at home, as well as the hundreds of Scots who journeyed to Spain to fight as part of the International Brigades that fought for the Republican cause. Their stories reflect much larger narratives of the rise of European fascism, the networks and cultures of international communism and the wider modern phenomenon of transnational foreign war volunteering. Scots and the Spanish Civil War is a groundbreaking study of Scottish involvement in one of the 20th century’s most famous and divisive conflicts, drawing on newly-declassified government documents and international archives in Spain and beyond. As well as shedding new light on Scottish politics in the 1930s, it is argued that this case study – part of the largest wave of foreign war volunteers in the 20th century – can help us understand other such mobilisations, past and present.

scholarly journals From Counterculture to Intangible Heritage and Tourism Supply: Artistic Expressions in Ibiza, Spain

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
José Ramón-Cardona ◽  
María Dolores Sánchez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Current Image ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Media

Until the beginning of the 20th century, Ibiza was rural, developmentally lagging, and separate from the modern world. These characteristics made it attractive as a refuge for European intellectuals and artists as soon as communications with the outside world began to develop. The first significant presence of artists occurred in the 1930s, just before the Spanish Civil War. After years of war and isolation, artists returned in a larger volume and variety than before. Other regions also had artistic and countercultural communities, but Ibiza decided to use them as an element of its tourist promotions, making the hippie movement a part of its culture and history and the most internationally known element. The objective of this paper is to expose the importance of art and artists, a direct inheritance of that time, in Ibizan promotion and tourism. The authorities and entrepreneurs of the island realized the media interest they received and the importance of this media impact on developing the tourism sector. The result was that they supported artistic avant-garde and various activities derived from the hippie movement to differentiate Ibiza and make it known in Spain and abroad, creating the myth of Ibiza as an island of freedom, harmony, and nightlife (the current image of the island).

scholarly journals “Tendencias y guerrillas en la arquitectura española”. Arquitectura y Prensa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Alberto Ruiz Colmenar
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Mass Media

<p>Architecture critique has historically used specialised publications as a dissemination channel. These publications, written by and for architects, have been of seminal importance in the creation of architectural culture in Spain. Nevertheless, this type of publication leaves out the non-specialised public, mistakenly considering them alien to these matters. In this case, the mass media has filled this space, carrying out a very important educational role. Its task has not been that of a mere dissemination of contents, but it has also provided a platform for criticism and analysis of some of the main events in Spanish architecture over the course of the 20th Century. In this study we analyse the years preceding and following the Spanish Civil War. A review of the issues that the main papers addressed—ABC and La Vanguardia—allows us to grasp what the general reader perceived during a key period in our history of architecture.</p>

scholarly journals Literature and Memory. Pedra de tartera, by Maria Barbal, and the Memory of the Spanish Civil War

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Gatell Perez
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
War Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory

Maria Barbal’s Pallars Cycle has its origin in Pedra de tartera. In this cycle Barbal creates a literary universe which recovers lost space and time: rural life in the Pyrenees during the mid-20th century. Main threads articulating this cycle are the Spanish Civil War and rural exodus. Both events relate Pedra de tartera with memory narratives that deal with remembrance and testimonies of war and its aftermath. The article aims to ground the relationship between the novel’s structuring of war memory through literary reconstruction of the past, fictionalizations of memory and relationship between historic and literary facts.

scholarly journals Hambre y pan duro. De los años de la autarquía a la gastronomía globalizada en ámbito español

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Bou
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual

This article addresses four different ways in which food speaks to us: a surrealist approach in Buñuel’s cinema, table manners as discussed by Larra, the shortage of food and hunger that was an obsessive and persistent reality during the Spanish civil war and post-war period of the 20th century, or the recent sophistication and cosmopolitanism of Spanish cuisine due to the transformation of the country by the presence of immigrants. This study focuses on highlighting the passage from a culture of survival during the civil war and the Franco regime to one of greater abundance and sophistication with the arrival of democracy. The current recognition of Spain as one of the gastronomic destinations in the world modifies part of a historical and cultural past, which includes the ethnic transformation experienced by Spanish society. From the perspective of food studies, one can examine the relationships of the individual with food, and analyse how this association produces a large amount of information about a society.

The Failed Technology Museum of Catalonia

Nuncius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Valentines-Álvarez ◽  
Jaume Sastre-Juan
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Engineering Community ◽  
Industrial Productivity ◽  
Failed Attempt ◽  
The One

Abstract In March 1937, the Technology Museum of Catalonia was created by a governmental order, but it never materialized. How come was a national museum of technology perceived as an urgent need in the midst of the Spanish Civil War? This article explores how this failed attempt was rooted in the long-standing political interest of the engineering community in the musealization of technology in Barcelona. On the one hand, it analyses the tradition of technological display aimed at increasing industrial productivity and improving technical education. On the other hand, it studies the techno-nationalist efforts by engineers to construct a respectable technological past for the nation through display. Finally, it explores how these two approaches would have been articulated in the Technology Museum of Catalonia in the context of the key role played by engineering professionals during the Spanish Civil War.

scholarly journals Guerra Civil Espanhola na literatura e no cinema dos anos 1990: a idealização da luta revolucionária

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Volker Jaeckel
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Memory In Literature ◽  
The One ◽  
Literature And Film

Resumo: No presente artigo pretende-se uma apresentação de três obras de conhecidos autores e diretores europeus (uma literária, duas cinematográficas) dos anos 1990 do século 20, nas quais acontece uma idealização da luta revolucionária durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola. O objetivo deste texto é explicar o surgimento do movimento libertário no início da contenda na região da Catalunha em 1936 e evidenciar as manifestações literárias da glorificação desta batalha na Guerra Civil Espanhola entre anarquistas por um lado e comunistas e republicanos, por outro, estes últimos querendo reverter a situação de coletivização dos bens agrários e industriais.Palavras-chave: Guerra Civil Espanhola; revolução social; memórias na literatura e no cinema.Abstract: In the present article the intention is a presentation of three works of well-known European authors and directors (a literary one, two cinematographic ones) of the Nineties of the 20th century in which an idealization of the revolutionary fight in the Spanish Civil War takes place. The objective of this text is to explain the sprouting of the libertarian movement at the beginning of the dispute in the region of Catalonia in 1936 and to evidence the literary and novelistic manifestations of the glorification of these rivalry battles between anarchists on the one hand and communists and republicans on the other side, the latter of which wanted to revert the situation of socialization of the agrarian and industrial goods.Keywords: Spanish Civil War; Anarchist Social Revolution; Memory in Literature and Film.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document