scholarly journals The Yearly Prevalence of Findings in Endoscopy of the Lower Part of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. L. F. Loffeld ◽  
B. Liberov ◽  
P. E. P. Dekkers
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
High Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Introduction. Endoscopy of the colon and rectum is increasingly used. Aim of the Study. All consecutive endoscopies of the colon and rectum were studied in order to assess the yearly prevalence of significant endoscopic diagnoses. Methods. All consecutive endoscopies of the colon and rectum were included. Endoscopies were done with endoscopes of Olympus. Significant endoscopic diagnoses were defined as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticuli, large sessile polyps, and inflammatory bowel disease. Results. In 20 years a total of 24431 endoscopies were done. The yearly number of sigmoidoscopies was mean 96, range of 42–370. The number of colonoscopies was mean 1126, range of 643–1912. The number of colonoscopies significantly increased. The number of colonoscopies on request of an internist or gastroenterologist showed a slow but steady increase. Successful caecal intubation rose from 70% to 92% in 2011. Since 1996 there is a steep increase in the percentage of procedures with abnormalities. The number of cancer and polyps increased in twenty years. No great changes were seen in inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusion. Colonoscopy is a procedure with a high diagnostic yield. The number of patients with tumours rose in twenty years.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Mast Cells in the Lesions and Effects of Antiallergic Drugs on the Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ulcers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Kurosawa ◽  
Hiroichi Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Eosinophilic Colitis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Antiallergic Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The pathomechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been fully demonstrated. However, it is well known that mast cells are present in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that mast cells may take part in it. So, we investigated the number of mast cells in IBD, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and eosinophilic colitis, and showed that the number of mast cells was increased in the inflammatory lesions. We also presented a case of UC which was treated successfully with an antiallergic drug, tranilast. Furthermore, possible new approaches to treating the disease with immunomodulators including suplatast are introduced. However, our investigations were performed with a limited number of patients with IBD, and additional further studies are required to confirm the findings.

Bowel dysfunction after surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. S12-S18
Author(s):  
Jennie Burch
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Diverticular Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Temporary Stoma ◽  
Bowel Surgery ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The functions of the lower parts of the bowel, namely the colon and rectum, are predominantly the absorption of fluids and elimination of faeces and flatus. Bowel surgery may be carried out in the treatment of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or diverticular disease, and may involve the formation of a permanent or temporary stoma. The type of colorectal surgery carried out depends on the condition and where the problem occurs. Surgery can alter not only the bowel's anatomy but also its functioning. Bowel dysfunction can manifest as constipation, faecal incontinence or diarrhoea. Nurses are well placed to assist patients to resolve many of these problems as well as stoma issues.

37 Monitoring the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pediatric and adult cohorts of patients to identify biomarkers to predict cancer risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A38-A38
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ravindran ◽  
Heba Sidahmed ◽  
Harshitha Manjunath ◽  
Rebecca Mathew ◽  
Tanwir Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hamad Medical Corporation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Left And Right

BackgroundPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), depending on the duration and severity of the disease. The evolutionary process in IBD is driven by chronic inflammation leading to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) events in colonic fibrotic areas. EMT plays a determinant role in tumor formation and progression, through the acquisition of ‘stemness’ properties and the generation of neoplastic cells. The aim of this study is to monitor EMT/cancer initiating tracts in IBD in association with the deep characterization of inflammation in order to assess the mechanisms of IBD severity and progression towards malignancy.Methods10 pediatric and 20 adult IBD patients, admitted at Sidra Medicine (SM) and Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) respectively, have been enrolled in this study, from whom gut tissue biopsies (from both left and right side) were collected. Retrospectively collected tissues (N=10) from patients with malignancy and history of IBD were included in the study. DNA and RNA were extracted from fresh small size (2–4 mm in diameter) gut tissues using the BioMasher II (Kimble) and All Prep DNA/RNA kits (Qiagen). MicroRNA (miRNA; N=700) and gene expression (N=800) profiling have been performed (cCounter platform; Nanostring) as well as the methylation profiling microarray (Infinium Methylation Epic Bead Chip kit, Illumina) to interrogate up to 850,000 methylation sites across the genome.ResultsDifferential miRNA profile (N=27 miRNA; p<0.05) was found by the comparison of tissues from pediatric and adult patients. These miRNAs regulate: i. oxidative stress damage (e.g., miR 99b), ii. hypoxia induced autophagy; iii. genes associated with the susceptibility to IBD (ATG16L1, NOD2, IRGM), iv. immune responses, such as TH17 T cell subset (miR 29). N=6 miRNAs (miR135b, 10a196b, 125b, let7c, 375) linked with the regulation of Wnt/b-catenin, EM-transaction, autophagy, oxidative stress and play role also in cell proliferation and mobilization and colorectal cancer development were differentially expressed (p<0.05) in tissues from left and right sides of gut. Gene expression signature, including genes associated with inflammation, stemness and fibrosis, has also been performed for the IBD tissues mentioned above. Methylation sites at single nucleotide resolution have been analyzed.ConclusionsAlthough the results warrant further investigation, differential genomic profiling suggestive of altered pathways involved in oxidative stress, EMT, and of the possible stemness signature was found. The integration of data from multiple platforms will provide insights of the overall molecular determinants in IBD patients along with the evolution of the disease.Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by Sidra Medicine and Hamad Medical Corporation Ethics Boards; approval number 180402817 and MRC-02-18-096, respectively.

scholarly journals Identification of a common variant with potential pleiotropic effect on risk of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Khalili ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Hermann Brenner ◽  
Thomas R. Austin ◽  
Carolyn M. Hutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Common Variant ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel
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