scholarly journals Accumulation of Mast Cells in the Lesions and Effects of Antiallergic Drugs on the Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Ulcers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Kurosawa ◽  
Hiroichi Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Eosinophilic Colitis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Antiallergic Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The pathomechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been fully demonstrated. However, it is well known that mast cells are present in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that mast cells may take part in it. So, we investigated the number of mast cells in IBD, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and eosinophilic colitis, and showed that the number of mast cells was increased in the inflammatory lesions. We also presented a case of UC which was treated successfully with an antiallergic drug, tranilast. Furthermore, possible new approaches to treating the disease with immunomodulators including suplatast are introduced. However, our investigations were performed with a limited number of patients with IBD, and additional further studies are required to confirm the findings.

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S725-S736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavine L C Lefevre ◽  
Niels Vande Casteele
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Janus Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract which are characterised, in part, by an imbalance in the production of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Although various agents are effective for inducing and maintaining remission, approximately 20% of patients are treatment-refractory and require surgery. Parenterally administered monoclonal antibody-based biologics are associated with adverse effects resulting in treatment discontinuation and/or immunogenicity, leading to loss of response to therapy. Approximately 50% of patients who initially respond to treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists lose response to therapy within the 1st year of treatment. Incidence of immunogenicity tends to decrease over time, but once present can persist for years, even after treatment discontinuation. Nonimmunogenic oral small molecule therapies, including Janus kinase inhibitors, are currently being developed and have demonstrated efficacy in early phase clinical trials, which has already led to regulatory approval of tofacitinib for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Differentiation of T cells into T helper cells, which are mediators of the inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease, is mediated by the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of the transcription signalling pathway. Absorption and distribution of Janus kinase inhibitors occurs at the site of action in the gastrointestinal tract, and newer compounds are being developed with limited systemic absorption, potentially reducing the risk of adverse effects. The current review describes the clinical pharmacology of approved Janus kinase inhibitors, as well as those in clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Complementary Practitioners’ View of Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja J Verhoef ◽  
Ivan Rapchuk ◽  
Trina Liew ◽  
Vanessa Weir ◽  
Robert J Hilsden
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Food Store ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Health Food Store ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

A substantial number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease use complementary therapies to manage their disease, including chiropractic and herbal therapies. The objective of this study was to explore whether providers of these therapies see patients with inflammatory bowel disease and recommend therapies, and to determine their opinions about the treatments that they recommend. The study sample comprised 66 chiropractors, 19 pharmacists, 16 herbalists and 15 health food store employees in Calgary, Alberta. A structured questionnaire containing two patient scenarios (a patient with active ulcerative colitis and a patient with inactive Crohn’s disease) was completed either by an in-person interview or by a mailed questionnaire. Most respondents had seen patients with ulcerative colitis, and at least 80% of each group except pharmacists (only 10%) would treat these patients or recommend treatment. Almost all chiropractors used spinal manipulation, whereas herbalists and health food store employees suggested a wide range of different treatments. Chiropractors rated their treatment as moderately effective; herbalists and health food store employees viewed their recommendations as very effective. The results with respect to the second scenario were very similar. The wide range of treatment recommendations by practitioners, who differ greatly in terms of skills, knowledge and experience, has important implications for physician-patient communication, information provision and education regarding complementary and alternative therapies.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 734-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that can affect any site from the mouth to the anus. The two major types of IBD are Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

scholarly journals The Yearly Prevalence of Findings in Endoscopy of the Lower Part of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. L. F. Loffeld ◽  
B. Liberov ◽  
P. E. P. Dekkers
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
High Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Colon And Rectum ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Introduction. Endoscopy of the colon and rectum is increasingly used. Aim of the Study. All consecutive endoscopies of the colon and rectum were studied in order to assess the yearly prevalence of significant endoscopic diagnoses. Methods. All consecutive endoscopies of the colon and rectum were included. Endoscopies were done with endoscopes of Olympus. Significant endoscopic diagnoses were defined as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticuli, large sessile polyps, and inflammatory bowel disease. Results. In 20 years a total of 24431 endoscopies were done. The yearly number of sigmoidoscopies was mean 96, range of 42–370. The number of colonoscopies was mean 1126, range of 643–1912. The number of colonoscopies significantly increased. The number of colonoscopies on request of an internist or gastroenterologist showed a slow but steady increase. Successful caecal intubation rose from 70% to 92% in 2011. Since 1996 there is a steep increase in the percentage of procedures with abnormalities. The number of cancer and polyps increased in twenty years. No great changes were seen in inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusion. Colonoscopy is a procedure with a high diagnostic yield. The number of patients with tumours rose in twenty years.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease, its Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Approaches: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Joshi ◽  
Vrushali Gajre ◽  
Chandani Chandarana ◽  
Madhavi Ghumare ◽  
Kritika Garg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which is characterized by serious events of inflammation in either specifically colon (ulcerative colitis) or the whole length of the gut (Crohn’s disease). IBD affects people greatly all over the globe. It is observed that it is more prevalent in the urbanized countries. Both the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD are complex to understand. Yet many researchers have taken great efforts to figure out the etiopathogenesis. Diagnosis of IBD is also difficult thus it is required to differentiate between UC and CD. Thus, we have shed some light on the diagnostic tools too. Since the cure for IBD is difficult, treatment is the only option, hence various recent treatments are also explained with the help of this review. This review gives a brief overview of the disease also highlights the various etiopathogenesis involved.

scholarly journals P750 Prevalence and characteristics of incidentally diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease during screening colonoscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S600-S600
Author(s):  
Y M Han ◽  
J Lee ◽  
J P Im ◽  
J S Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
National University ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Seoul National University

Abstract Background Colonoscopy is the most powerful tool for colon cancer screening. As the performance rate of screening colonoscopy was rapidly increased, there was also a great increase in the incidental detection of inflammatory lesions during screening colonoscopy. The significance and clinical course of these lesions were never been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of incidentally detected inflammatory lesions during screening colonoscopy and investigate the characteristics of newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease among them. Methods Health check-up patients who underwent screening colonoscopy at Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center in 2018 were enrolled. Among them, patients who showed endoscopic inflammatory lesions such as ulcer, erosion, erythema, spontaneous bleeding, friability or exudate were selected. We reviewed the pathologic reports of those patients. We investigated if there were suggestive pathologic findings of inflammatory bowel disease, which were defined as presence of one of these findings: cryptitis, crypt abscess, crypt distortion, crypt atrophy or noncaseating granuloma. We classified them as possible inflammatory bowel disease patients and closely monitored clinical course of these patients. We investigated prevalence of incidentally diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease among health check-up patients. Results A total of 10366 patients underwent screening colonoscopy at Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center. Among them, 237 patients showed inflammatory lesions on colonoscopy. Nine patients were already diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease; 1 with Bechet’s disease and 8 with ulcerative colitis. The others had no previous medical history of colonic disease. Biopsy specimens were obtained in 200 patients. Eighteen patients showed one of suggestive pathologic findings of inflammatory bowel disease. Among them, 12 patients did not undergo further diagnostic examination because they did have no associated symptom. Two patients immediately diagnosed as ulcerative colitis and other 4 patients underwent short-term follow-up colonoscopy. Three of them showed resolution of previously noted inflammatory lesions and the remaining one finally diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Briefly, 3 patients were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, 3 with eosinophilic colitis, 1 with tuberculosis, and 1 with amoebic colitis. Conclusion Incidental detection of inflammatory lesions during screening colonoscopy was relatively high; however, prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease is low. Careful examination of associated symptom and sustained close long-term follow-up are needed.

Inflammatory bowel disease in adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110587
Author(s):  
Umang Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Two Peaks

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of disorders characterised by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, of which ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the most common. It is estimated that 500 000 people in the UK currently live with IBD. There are two peaks of incidence, the first of which is between 15 and 30 years of age, with a second smaller peak between 60 and 80 years of age. Its prevalence is ever increasing, and GPs play an important role in early diagnosis, which is the key in reducing the need for aggressive treatment.

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