scholarly journals A Review of Use of Enantiomers in Homeopathy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kuzeff
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Optimal Test ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Homeopathic Preparation

This paper reviews publications of laboratory experiments using pairs of enantiomers in homeopathy. Many molecules in nature have geometry which enables them to exist as nonsuperimposable mirror images or enantiomers. Modulation of toxicity of such molecules provides possibility for therapeutics, since they target multiple points in biochemical pathways. It was hypothesized that toxicity of a chemical agent could be counteracted by a homeopathic preparation of the enantiomer of the chemical agent (patents applied for: PCT/AU2003/000219-PCT/AU2008/001611). A diverse body of data, including controlled laboratory studies, supports the conclusion that toxicity of optical isomers may be inhibited by homeopathic enantiomer preparations. These data were obtained with minimal or no pretesting to determine optimal test solutions. Inhibition of the excitotoxic neurotransmitter L-glutamic acid with homeopathic preparations of D-glutamic acid indicates the latter may be of use for amelioration of symptoms of disturbances of mood. Similarly, homeopathic preparation of (+)-nicotine may be of use for inhibition of effects of nicotine in tobacco.

Persistent, vertical-migration rhythms in benthic microflora.: II. Field and Laboratory Studies On Diatoms From The Banks Of The River Avon

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Round ◽  
J. D. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Clock Hypothesis

The vertical migration of two Euglena species and several diatom species into and out of the sediment on the banks of the River Avon has been studied under natural conditions. All species have been shown to migrate vertically upwards when exposed during daylight. Tidal flooding of the sediment is generally preceded by re-burrowing of the algae beneath the surface. Methods have been devised to follow these migrations in both the field and laboratory. Laboratory experiments show that these migrations are rhythmic, continuing under constant illumination and temperature and removed from tidal influence. The effect of three different temperatures and three different light intensities has been investigated. Transfer from low to high temperatures has been shown to reset the phase of the rhythm. The results are discussed in relation to other work and to the ‘biological clock’ hypothesis.

scholarly journals Oxidation of atmospheric reduced sulphur compounds: perspective from laboratory studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1350) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ravishankara ◽  
Yinon Rudich ◽  
Ranajit Talukdar ◽  
Stephen B. Barone
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphide ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Complex Sequence ◽  
End Products ◽  
Reduced Sulphur Compounds

Results of laboratory experiments which address the course of the OH + DMS (dimethyl sulphide) reaction in the atmosphere are presented. It is shown that OH reacts via a complex sequence of reactions to produce CH 3 S and other products, and argued that NO 3 is unlikely to be an important oxidizer of DMS in the marine boundary layer (MBL) because it is very efficiently taken up by water droplets. A simplified mechanism for the oxidation of DMS in the troposphere is presented. This mechanism explains some of the field observations on the end products of DMS oxidation and their variations with temperature.

scholarly journals CFD and Laboratory Studies of Dust Cleaning Efficacy of an Efficient Four Stage Non-Clogging Impingement Filter for Flooded-Bed Dust Scrubbers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Neeraj Gupta ◽  
Steven Schafrik
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Dust ◽  
Dust Filter ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy

Abstract Fibrous-type filters are used to capture dust particles in mining and other occupations where personnel are exposed for prolonged periods. Dust cleansing systems including flooded-bed dust scrubbers use these mesh-type multi-layered filters. These filters trap dust particles efficiently on their surface and inside their mesh. However, their continued operation leads to dust build-up and subsequent clogging. This results in increased resistance of the filter and lowered airflow rate through the scrubber. This could potentially enhance the exposure of the miners. A non-clogging self-cleaning impingement screen type dust filter was designed by the authors for use in mining and industrial dust cleansing applications. The filter guides dirt-laden air through rapidly turning paths which forces it to shed heavier particles. The particles impact one of the impermeable solid metallic filter surfaces and are removed from the airstream. A full cone water spray installed upstream prevents any surface build-up of dust. This paper summaries the computer models generated to show the filter operations and laboratory experiments including optical particle counting to establish the cleaning efficiency.

scholarly journals Laboratory measurements of stomatal NO<sub>2</sub> deposition to native California trees and the role of forests in the NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Delaria ◽  
Bryan K. Place ◽  
Amy X. Liu ◽  
Ronald C. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Leaf Level

Abstract. Both canopy-level field measurements and laboratory studies suggest that absorption of NO2 through the leaf stomata of vegetation is a significant sink of atmospheric NOx. However, the mechanisms of this foliar NO2 uptake and their impact on NOx lifetimes remains incompletely understood. To understand the leaf-level processes affecting ecosystem scale atmosphere-biosphere NOx exchange, we have conducted laboratory experiments of branch-level NO2 deposition fluxes to six coniferous and four broadleaf native California trees using a branch enclosure system with direct Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) detection of NO2. We report NO2 foliar deposition that demonstrates a large degree of inter-species variability, with maximum observed deposition velocities ranging from 0.15–0.51 cm/s during the daytime, as well as significant stomatal opening during the night. We also find that the contribution of mesophyllic processing to the overall deposition rate of NO2 varies by tree species, but has an ultimately inconsequential impact on NOx budgets and lifetimes. Additionally, we find no evidence of any emission of NO2 from leaves, suggesting an effective uni-directional exchange of NOx between the atmosphere and vegetation.

scholarly journals Properties and cleanability of new and traditional surface materials in cattle barns - a field study

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KUISMA ◽  
H-R. KYMÄLÄINEN ◽  
M. HELLSTEDT
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Surface Materials ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

In this study surface properties and cleanability of new and traditional surface materials in cattle barns were examined in a field test. The concrete and plastic-coated samples were placed on a walking path on the floor and on a feeding table in a cattle barn. The surfaces were characterized using colorimetric and gloss measurements and determination of topography. In most cases, the colour of the surfaces placed on the floor darkened during the one year study period, whereas the colour changes of the samples placed on the feeding table did not show a similar trend. However, in both locations the plastic-coated surfaces were generally the easiest to clean, and the highest colour changes indicating soil residues were detected on the uncoated and silane-impregnated concrete surfaces. The difference between the locations was also seen in the gloss values, which increased in the samples placed on the floor during the one-year test period but varied considerably between the different materials on the surfaces placed on the feeding table. This field study confirmed the observation from earlier laboratory studies that plastic coatings improved the cleanability of concrete cattle barn surfaces. Silane impregnation was not functionally competitive with the plastic coatings. In general, the cleanability results were in accordance with the results of previous laboratory experiments but the field study provided practical information about the behaviour of the surface materials examined.;

LABORATORY AND GREENHOUSE STUDIES ON EFFECT OF LIME AND OTHER AMENDMENTS ON WATER-SOLUBLE BORON IN SOIL

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bishop ◽  
R. L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were used to study the effect of various soil amendments on the water-soluble boron content of a strongly acid soil.In the greenhouse, using ladino clover as the test crop, liming reduced boron availability as measured by soil and plant analysis. Calcium-boron ratios in the clover ranged from approximately 550:1 to 2000:1 and there was a significant correlation between the water-soluble boron in the soil and the boron content of the clover.In the laboratory studies calcium and magnesium carbonates were equally effective in decreasing water-soluble boron in soil. Gypsum was ineffective. Manure or alfalfa hay increased the water-soluble boron content of soil in proportion to the amounts applied. Applications of sodium hydroxide, resulting in a range of soil pH values from 4.82 to 9.72, were accompanied by decreases in water-soluble boron until a pH of approximately 8.0 was reached. Above this point water-soluble boron increased. At comparable pH values of approximately 7.0 or less, sodium hydroxide caused a smaller reduction in water-soluble boron than did either calcium or magnesium carbonate.

Laboratory study of frazil distribution in a flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gee Tsang ◽  
Wei Cui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Flow Reynolds Number ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Boundary Roughness

Laboratory experiments were conducted in a circular flume to study the formation, flocculation, and distribution of frazil in a turbulent flow from a Lagrangian frame of reference. The evolution of frazil was studied with video taping and frazil concentrations were measured at multiple points under different hydrothermal conditions. The experiments showed that the average vertical distribution of frazil could be approximated with a functional relationship of the error function type. The empirical equation contains three parameters, which specify the maximum concentration gradient of frazil, the position where it takes place, and the depth gap over which significant changes in frazil concentration occur. These parameters were found to be well-defined functions of the total frazil content in the water column, the flow Reynolds number, and the relative boundary roughness. Frazil accumulated mainly within a thin surface layer. Continued production of frazil contributed more to a higher concentration than a thicker surface layer. Key words: frazil, vertical distribution, laboratory experiments.

The Erika Oil Spill: Laboratory Studies Conducted To Assist Responders

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Guyomarc'h ◽  
François-X Merlin ◽  
Hélène Budzinski ◽  
Laurent Mazeas ◽  
Christian Chaumery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Water Accommodated Fractions

ABSTRACT Immediately following the Erika oil spill, responders raised many questions concerning the identification of the fuel oil, its behavior in the water column, and physical properties, potential toxicity, environmental impacts, and the feasibility of various countermeasures to treat the spill. Several laboratories in France conducted simultaneous complementary investigations. The Laboratoire d'Analyse de Surveillance et d'Expertise de la Marine (LASEM) performed oil analyses of various samples collected at sea and on the shore for identification as well as for confirming the oil drifting predictions. The CEntre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (CEDRE) studied oil behavior and its physical properties under realistic conditions in its flume test canal to predict the evolution of the product spilled at sea. Simultaneously, the Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP) and the Laboratoire de Physico-Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC) carried out oil chemical analyses of the polyaromatic compounds and the water accommodated fractions for environmental risk assessments. Finally, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) investigated the possibility for oil biodegradation through laboratory experiments. This experimental information was of great interest for response operations. Field observations validated laboratory predictions, especially those concerning physical properties.

Specific Heat and Volumetric Heat Capacity of Granular Materials as Affected by Moisture and Density

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Granular Materials ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Volumetric Heat Capacity ◽  
Loam Soil

The granular materials examined in this study were some Saudian soils. The effect of water content and bulk density on the specific heat and volumetric heat capacity of two Saudian soils (sand and loam) was investigated through laboratory studies. These laboratory experiments used the calorimetric method to determine specific heat of soils. For the type of soils studied, specific heat increased with increased moisture content. Also, volumetric heat capacity increased with increased moisture content and soil density. The volumetric heat capacity and specific heat of soils observed were compared with independent estimates made using derived theoretical relations. The differences between the observed and predicted results were very small. Loam soil generally had higher specific heat and volumetric heat capacity than sandy soil for the same moisture content and soil density.

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