APPLICATION OF PHOTOMETRY IN DETERMINING THE DUST MASS CONCENTRATION OF HARDWOODS

Given the carcinogenicity of hardwood dust, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the photometric method for different types of woodworking machines and its application in determining the mass concentration of inhalable dust for raw and dry hardwoods. In addition to the optical part of the device, the input part of the measuring device contains the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable dust filter holder. This correlation of gravimetric and photometric methods in determining the dust mass concentration showed that photometry underestimates the mass concentration measured gravimetrically. The results of this study recommend the application of a correction factor 2 for a timber band saw and a correction factor 3 for circular saws in determining the mass concentration of hardwood dust by the photometric method. It was showed that photometry can be used if the correction factor of the optical device has been previously tested for specific wood processing place.

CFD and Laboratory Studies of Dust Cleaning Efficacy of an Efficient Four Stage Non-Clogging Impingement Filter for Flooded-Bed Dust Scrubbers

Fibrous-type filters are used to capture dust particles in mining and other occupations where personnel are exposed for prolonged periods. Dust cleansing systems including flooded-bed dust scrubbers use these mesh-type multi-layered filters. These filters trap dust particles efficiently on their surface and inside their mesh. However, their continued operation leads to dust build-up and subsequent clogging. This results in increased resistance of the filter and lowered airflow rate through the scrubber. This could potentially enhance the exposure of the miners. A non-clogging self-cleaning impingement screen type dust filter was designed by the authors for use in mining and industrial dust cleansing applications. The filter guides dirt-laden air through rapidly turning paths which forces it to shed heavier particles. The particles impact one of the impermeable solid metallic filter surfaces and are removed from the airstream. A full cone water spray installed upstream prevents any surface build-up of dust. This paper summaries the computer models generated to show the filter operations and laboratory experiments including optical particle counting to establish the cleaning efficiency.

Redesign of Dust Filter Tools in Small and Medium Industries (IKM) by Integrating Reverse Engineering and Root Cause Analysis (RCA)

Gerandong crackers are different types of crackers with other crackers, the main ingredients gerandong crackers derived from the ready-made crackers, gerandong crackers production process consists of several stages one of which is the dust filter stage. At this stage use the filter tool. In terms of use, this tool is working properly. However, this tool is still not effective, it needs to be redesigned on the tool to improve. The results of this study include: Improving the design of dust filters in the process of making gerandong crackers in terms of how to use reverse engineering methods. From design that can be expected can be repaired from dust filter tool. Recommendations to reduce air pollution are less effective. The Efforts to improve the design of dust filter equipment in this study using reverse engineering methods assisted by CAD (Computer Aided Design), in this case solidwork software and will be integrated with Root Cause Analisys. The result of this research is a new design of dust filter tool that is practical and effective, practically not doing a lot of arrangement and switching tool when will production, effective in reducing dust when production and output yielded cleaner than before

REVIEW ON THE MATERIAL SELECTION FOR THE COMMERCIAL AIR FILTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC AIR

In a modern times development of every sector is very highly made. In urban area are very developing day by day. In every sector the human beings try to make more comfort for themselves. In such a case pollution of air is increase in very high levels. Today, most of city around the world, there is air quality is very poor levels. Today air pollutants as hydrocarbon, soot particles, P.M 2.5 to 10 P.M are main causes of lung dieses. For controlling air pollution many steps are implement by Particular government and also research on them. This studies going to find a more efficient material for Commercial air filter to control a pollutants as hydrocarbon, soot particles, and PM 2.5 tto10PM concentration from Atmospheric air due to developing a material for controlling this particulate and change the material The aim of this research review is To find a more efficient air filter material for commercial dust filter for atmospheric air.

Design and Fabrication of Abrasive Jet Machine (AJM)

Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) is the process of material removal from a work piece by the application of a high-speed stream of abrasive particles carried in a gas or air medium from a nozzle. The material removal process is mainly by erosion. The AJM will chiefly be used to cut shapes in hard and brittle materials like glass, ceramics etc. the machine will be automated to have 3 axes travel. The different components of AJM are Compressor, Vibrator, dehumidifier, Pressure Regulator, and Dust filter, Nozzle, Pressure gauge etc. The different components are selected after appropriate design calculations. In paper contains the Abrasive Jet Machine design and fabrication by using available hardware and software etc. taking into consideration of commercially available components. Care has been taken to use less fabricated components rather than directly procuring them, because, the lack of accuracy in fabricated components would lead to a diminished performance of the machine.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF DUST POWER OF FILTERING MATERIALS FOR ANTI-DUST RESPIRATORS

The purpose is to carry out experimental investigations of the physicochemical properties of filtering materials for the manufacture of two-layer filters of high dust capacity of dust respirators for operating conditions of coal mines. The dust capacity of filter materials for the manufacture of two-layer filters was determined at a dust concentration of about 400 mg/m3, with a final pressure drop of 500 Pa (according to the requirements of DSTU EN 143 for filters of the 2nd class of protection). "AFA VP-10" filters with a diameter of 36 mm were used; "VLO 200" laboratory scales; "HS43" electronic stopwatch; the pressure drop on the filter boxes was monitored using an "MKV 250" compensation micro manometer. It is established that in order to increase the dust capacity of dust filter respirators, their filter should be combined with filter materials with different physicochemical properties to ensure a uniform distribution of dust sediment over the thickness of the filter layer. It is proved that the increase in the duration of the protective action of dust suppressors is possible due to the effect of aftofiltration, when the settled dust layer on the filter surface independently delays aerosol particles. The dependence of the differential pressure on the filter of the dust respirator on the change in the density of packing of fibres with dust is obtained, which allows determining the rational physicochemical properties of the materials of the filter layers of the filter for maximum dust intensity. It was found that the smallest increase in the air flow resistance of the multilayer filter was recorded by combining the filter layers with the fibre packing density of 30 and 60 g/cm3, respectively. The experimental dependences are established that will allow finding a rational combination of filter layers to ensure maximum dust capacity of the filter.

Evaluierung von Endotoxinproben – Vergleich von Analysen sowie Transport- und Lagerungsbedingungen durch standardisierte Proben/Production of standardized endotoxin dust samples for comparison of transport, storage and analysis of workplace relevant samples

Die Inhalation von Endotoxinen in hohen Konzentrationen kann zu akuten und chronischen Erkrankungen führen. Deshalb ist vor allem an Arbeitsplätzen die Erhebung und – wenn möglich – die Reduktion der Konzentration wichtig. Für die Sammlung, Verarbeitung (Transport, Lagerung, Extraktion) und Analyse von Endotoxinen aus Luftproben an Arbeitsplätzen gibt es zurzeit jedoch keine umfassenden oder aktuell veröffentlichten Verfahren zu qualitätssichernden Kriterien und Maßnahmen. Das führt zu unterschiedlichen Methoden und nicht vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. In der Qualitätssicherung sind Ringversuche ein wichtiger Bestandteil für die Überwachung der Einhaltung von Standardverfahren bei der Analyse. Um die quantitativen Nachweise von Endotoxinen zu vergleichen und Einflüsse durch Lagerung und Transport zu untersuchen, sind Proben notwendig, die kontrolliert und wiederholbar mit definierten Mengen an endotoxinhaltiger Luft beaufschlagt werden. Das in dieser Publikation beschriebene, entwickelte Prozedere erlaubt die gleichzeitige Sammlung von acht Proben unter kontrollierten Bedingungen in einer Bioaerosoltestkammer. Durch Wiederholungen kann damit eine Vielzahl von einheitlich beaufschlagten Filterproben hergestellt werden. Mithilfe solcher Proben konnten Einflüsse von Lagerungszeit und -bedingungen untersucht werden. In einem anschließenden Testringversuch bestimmten neun Labore die Endotoxinaktivitäten von Proben mit verschiedenen Staubkon- zentrationen. Die Labore verwendeten zur Analyse jeweils das in ihrem Haus etablierte Standardverfahren. Während eine Lagerung bei Raumtemperatur von bis zu 14 Tagen keinen Einfluss auf das Ergebnis hat, konnte eine deutliche Reduktion der gemessenen Endotoxingehalte nach einer Lagerung der Extrakte bei -80 °C ermittelt werden.   SUMMARY The inhalation of high concentrations of endotoxins can lead to acute and chronic diseases. Until now there are no extensive and up-to-date criteria and measures for quality control of sampling, processing (transport, storage, extraction) and analysis of endotoxin containing air samples. For quality control purposes, standardized samples have to be produced in a controlled and reproducible way with defined concentrations or endotoxin containing bioaerosols. In this project we developed a setup to produce eight samples simultaneously in a reproducible way to obtain a high number of uniform filter samples, by the use of a bioaerosol test chamber. Using these samples, we investigated storage and transport conditions. After that in a testrun of an interlaboratory trial endotoxin activity of the test samples was determined by nine laboratories. All participants of this trial used the well established method of their lab for extraction and analysis. Our results show, that storage of dust filter samples up to two weeks on room temperature had no significant reduction, but storage of extracts at -80°C showed clear reduction of measured endotoxin activity.