scholarly journals Improving Hepatitis B Vaccine Efficacy in End-Stage Renal Diseases Patients and Role of Adjuvants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Somi ◽  
Babak Hajipour
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
End Stage

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem.The prevalence of viral hepatitis is higher in dialysis patients than in the general population because of the opportunity for exposure during the dialysis procedure. Immunization is the most effective way to prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hence the development of acute or chronic hepatitis B. It is well established that patients with end-stage renal disease including dialysis-dependent patients, have an impaired immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. End stage renal diseases (ESRD) patients have lower seroconversion rates compared with the subjects with intact renal function. Moreover, even after the completion of vaccination schedule anti-hepatitis B (anti-HBs) titers of responder dialysis, patients are low and decline logarithmically with time. The impaired efficacy of HBV vaccine in patients with ESRD has been attributed to numerous factors such as immune compromise because of uremia and some other factors. One approach to improve the immunogenicity of existing HBV vaccines is adjuvantation, and it's very important to find more effective adjutants for improving HBV vaccine efficacy. In this paper we have a brief review on recently known new ways for improving HBV vaccine efficacy.

Horizontal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection to United States-Born Children of Hmong Refugees

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Marjorie B. Hurie ◽  
Eric E. Mast ◽  
Jeffrey P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Household Members

There is evidence that hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission continues among Southeast Asian refugees after resettlement. To determine the prevalence of HBV infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive or core antibody positive) and modes of transmission in Hmong refugee households in Wisconsin, results of serologic tests were reviewed for 429 US-born children not previously vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and 754 of their Asian-born household members. The prevalence of HBV infection was 14% (62/429) among all US-born children, 30% (21/69) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-positive, and 11% (41/360) among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative. Among children whose mothers were HBsAg-negative, the prevalence of HBV infection increased with increasing age (χ2 test for trend = 5.6, P .02) and was related to the household presence of HBsAg-positive sibling(s) (relative risk 4.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.5, 9.3; P < .001). Of the 62 infected children, 13 (21%) lived in households with no HBsAg-positive household members. US-born children of Hmong refugees apparently acquire HBV infection through both horizontal and perinatal transmission. These findings emphasize the importance of routinely integrating hepatitis B vaccine doses into the childhood vaccination schedule for all infants whose parents are from areas where HBV infection is highly endemic. In addition, the findings support the need for pediatricians to consider vaccinating older children (up to age 7 years) whose parents are from HBV-endemic areas.

Prevention of Perinatal Acquisition of Hepatitis B Virus Carriage Using Vaccine: Preliminary Report of a Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled and Comparative Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yi Xu ◽  
Chung-Bo Liu ◽  
Donald P. Francis ◽  
Robert H. Purcell ◽  
Zhi-Li Gun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbs Ag

Hepatitis B is a serious disease of global significance. In developing countries, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae rank among the public health problems of highest priority. Infants born to mothers who are chronic carriers of HBV are at particularly high risk of acquiring infection and becoming chronic HBV carriers. The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine alone in preventing the transmission of HBV to infants born to HBV carrier mothers was determined in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Infants received plasma-derived vaccine at birth, 1 month, and 6 months of age. Of 180 infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-positive mothers, equal numbers received National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) vaccine, Beijing Institute of Vaccine and Serum (BIVS) vaccine, and placebo. The cumulative seroconversion to the vaccines at 1 year of age was 95% and 75%, respectively. Vaccine efficacy as measured by the prevention of HBs Ag-positive events was 88% for the NIAID vaccine and 51% for the BIVS vaccine. Vaccine efficacy was similar among infants born to hepatitis Be antigen-positive mothers. Because of the low efficacy of the BIVS vaccine, an additional group of 28 infants was given vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin at birth. The resulting efficacy was 83%. The results of this trial indicate that hepatitis B vaccine alone can substantially reduce perinatally acquired HBV infection and the resulting chronic carrier state.

Hepatitis B vaccine

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
B Virus

The hepatitis B virus is the most common cause world-wide of acute hepatitis, and also causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis1 and primary liver cancer.2 It can now be prevented by a vaccine. How should this best be used?

scholarly journals Effect of a Community-Based Hepatitis B Virus Infection Detection Combined with Vaccination Program in China

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Xinyao Liu ◽  
Wuqi Qiu ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qian Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Community Based ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
And Control

Evidence on the effectiveness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection screening and vaccination programs remains rare in China. We used a quasi-experimental method, propensity score matching, to evaluate the effects of a community-based HBV infection detection combined with vaccination (HBVIDV) program in a pilot. Data were retrieved from the HBVIDV program implemented between July 2019 and June 2020. Outcomes were the difference between the treatment and control groups in hepatitis B vaccination (≥1 dose), hepatitis B vaccine series completion (≥3 doses), and serologic evidence of vaccine-mediated immunity. Altogether, 26,180 individuals were included, where 6160 (23.5%) individuals were assigned to the treatment group, and 20,020 (76.5%) individuals were assigned to the control group. After propensity score matching, 5793 individuals were matched. The rates of hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B vaccine series completion, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity in the treatment and control groups were 29.0% vs. 17.8%, 22.1% vs. 13.1%, and 38.2% vs. 27.6%, respectively. The HBVIDV program was significantly associated with increased hepatitis B vaccination rate (OR, 1.884, 95% CI 1.725–2.057), hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate (OR, 1.872, 95% CI 1.696–2.065), and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity (OR, 1.623, 95% CI 1.501–1.755). The greater magnitude of association between HBVIDV program and outcomes was observed among adults aged 35–54 years and adults who live in rural areas. The HBVIDV program was effective in increasing the hepatitis B vaccination rate, hepatitis B vaccine series completion rate, and prevalence of vaccine-mediated immunity among adults in the pilot. Further focusing the program on special populations and regions may produce more effective results.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Persons with Isolated Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen Who Subsequently Received Hepatitis B Vaccine

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eduardo Silva ◽  
Brian J. McMahon ◽  
Alan J. Parkinson ◽  
Maria H. Sjogren ◽  
Jay H. Hoofnagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Dna ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen
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