scholarly journals Renal Biopsy Research in the Former Soviet Union: Prevention of a Negligent Custom

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Jargin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Partial Isolation

Insufficient international coordination of medical research and partial isolation from the international scientific community can result in repetition of research already performed in other countries. Renal biopsy was broadly used for research in the former Soviet Union. It was performed, sometimes without sufficient clinical indications, in patients with amyloidosis, renovascular hypertension (from both kidneys: on the side of the renal artery stenosis and the contralateral one), chronic alcoholism, and acute and chronic pyelonephritis (intraoperative wedge and core biopsies). In chronic alcoholism, biopsies were taken from kidneys, pancreas, salivary glands, stomach, lung, skin, and liver, sometimes repeatedly. The classification of glomerulonephritis was different from those used internationally, for example, it did not include IgA nephropathy as a separate entity. Several examples of studies based on renal biopsies are discussed in this paper. A conclusion is however optimistic: the upturn in economy enables today to modernize equipment and introduce new methods, while broadening international cooperation facilitates the flow of foreign experience into the country. The purpose of this paper was to prevent inadequate use of renal biopsy in future.

Classification of phraseological synonyms in English and Azerbaijani

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Dilara Rashid Khanbabayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
European Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
East German ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Given

The presented article deals with the classification of English synonyms. The notion of phraseology is wide.Here concepts of some distinguished scientists are presented in the given article. Phraseology (from Greek φράσις phrasis, "way of speaking" and -λογία -logia, "study of") is a scholarly approach to language which developed in the twentieth century. It took its start when Charles Bally's notion of locutions phraseologiques entered Russian lexicology and lexicography in the 1930s and 1940s and was subsequently developed in the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries. From the late 1960s on it established itself in (East) German linguistics but was also sporadically approached in English linguistics. The earliest English adaptations of phraseology are by Weinreich (1969) within the approach of transformational grammar, Arnold (1973), and Lipka. In Great Britain as well as other Western European countries, phraseology has steadily been developed over the last twenty years. The activities of the European Society of Phraseology (EUROPHRAS) and the European Association for Lexicography (EURALEX) with their regular conventions and publications attest to the prolific European interest in phraseology. European scholarship in phraseology is more active than in North America. Bibliographies of recent studies on English and general phraseology are included in Welte (1990) and specially collected in Cowie & Howarth (1996) whose bibliography is reproduced and continued on the internet and provides a rich source of the most recent publications in the field. Key words: phraseology,synonym,language,linguistics,scientist

The UNFC Concept and the Possibility of its Application in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narmina Garayeva ◽  
Gasham Zeynalov ◽  
Elkhan Ahmadov ◽  
Agarza Hajiyev ◽  
Farid Rahimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reserves

Abstract Moving towards sustainable development, Azerbaijan joining SDG Agenda 2030 adheres to the policy of developing both hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon resources for economic diversification. At the same time, efficient resource management becomes a vital process at the governmental and transnational companies’ levels. Therefore, a competent classification and structuring of all reserves and resources will be inevitable soon to improve their accurate estimates and effective management in various aspects, including resource availability, technical feasibility, and environmental-socio-economic viability. The importance of the latter is indisputable since social and environmental stability is an essential component of the country's sustainable economic development policy. From this perspective, the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) is seen as a tool to help accomplish these tasks and provide simple screening and verification procedures for evaluating future investment projects. Given that hydrocarbon reserves make a significant contribution to the economy, a study on the application and adaptation of UNFC to local petroleum resource management has been granted as a pilot project to assess the feasibility of its further implementation for other energy and mineral reserves and resources of the country. The UNFC current state analysis as a global standard for classifying energy and mineral resources and their applications is carried out to launch the project. The review covers various case studies, including the classification of hydrocarbon reserves and resources (HCRR) using UNFC (Mexico project, transition projects to the classification of the Russian Federation, etc.), as well as mineral resources in different countries. The research primary goal is to screen different approaches and techniques to assess the practicality of their application to petroleum reserves and resources of Azerbaijan in transferring currently used old Former Soviet Union HCRR classification to UNFC, possibly via PRMS. In addition, a Case Study Research based on the Field A data in Azerbaijan is conducted.

Analysis on the Calculation Methods of Acid Dew Point of Flue Gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Chen Zong ◽  
Xiao Hui Zhang ◽  
Qi Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Typical Instance ◽  
New Formula

At present, there are lots of calculation methods of acid dew point of flue gas; formula of acid dew point in the thermal calculation from the former U.S.S.R has been widely applied in China. But this formula still has some problems, such as the desulphurization ability of different fuels, classification of sulfur content in fuel and the factors of SO2 transferred into SO3.In order to solve these problems,the formula of the acid dew point in the thermal calculation from the former U.S.S.R is adjusted. It was found that the precision of A.G.O kkes formula is the highest by comparing several formulas. So the last will be the compilation of the new formula and A.G.O kkes formula, the former Soviet union formula and the calculation of burning lean coal,bituminous coal and lignite typical instance of 600 MW,it was found that the precision of new formula calculation has improved.

scholarly journals Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanos Franca ◽  
Daniel Kitagawa ◽  
Samir Cavalcante ◽  
Jorge da Silva ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Physical Chemical

“Novichoks” is the name given to the controversial chemical weapons supposedly developed in the former Soviet Union between the 1970s and the 1990s. Designed to be undetectable and untreatable, these chemicals became the most toxic of the nerve agents, being very attractive for both terrorist and chemical warfare purposes. However, very little information is available in the literature, and the Russian government did not acknowledge their development. The intent of this review is to provide the IJMS readers with a general overview on what is known about novichoks today. We briefly tell the story of the secret development of these agents, and discuss their synthesis, toxicity, physical-chemical properties, and possible ways of treatment and neutralization. In addition, we also wish to call the attention of the scientific community to the great risks still represented by nerve agents worldwide, and the need to keep constant investments in the development of antidotes and ways to protect against such deadly compounds.

The late success of Soviet language policy: The integration of Russian verbs in languages of the former Soviet Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 136700692094716
Author(s):  
Diana Forker
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Verbal Morphology ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Purpose: This study examines the integration of Russian verbs into 50 languages from 12 different language families predominantly spoken in the former Soviet Union with respect to insertion strategies and input forms of Russian verbs. The aim is to test if there are statistically significant distributions between particular insertion strategies and grammatical, areal and sociolinguistic properties of the recipient languages. Methodology: This study applies the typological categories developed by Wohlgemuth for the classification of verbal borrowings by distinguishing three major insertion strategies. The donor language is kept constant (Russian). For every recipient language information on all instances of inserted verbs and data on word order, morphological type, language family and relevant social parameters have been gathered. Data and analysis: The linguistic data largely come from published sources. Frequency data on the distribution of the insertion strategies are quantitatively analyzed and tested for statistically significant correlations with sociolinguistic and typological parameters and areal location. The distributions are visualized by maps. Findings: There are no correlations between insertion strategies and extralinguistic parameters such as the general contact intensity. The two typological features (word order; morphological type) showed some correlations, and areality also plays a certain role. The main factor is the existence of productive insertion strategies within particular families or subbranches. Furthermore, the strategies show different degrees of flexibility with respect to the morphological form of the input and can be ordered along a hierarchy from more flexible (direct insertion) to not flexible at all (paradigm insertion). Originality: This is the first attempt to systematically compare the impact of Russian on languages with different genealogical affiliations, typological profiles and sociolinguistic conditions. Russian is an understudied donor language with a complex verbal morphology. This study is meant to undertake the first step towards a comprehensive study of Slavicization.

scholarly journals Threatened amphibians in the former Soviet Union: the current situation and the main threats

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergius L. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Different Parts

Before the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, research and conservation of the region's amphibian fauna was co-ordsinated by a network of scientists. The use of similar survey methods made it possible to obtain comparable estimates of amphibian populations in different parts of the territory. Since 1991 the system of research and conservation has broken down as a result of political changes and economic crisis. The scientific community has become fragmented and there is a scarcity of funds available for essential research and conservation. There is an urgent need for the adoption and implementation of conservation measures, both within the territory of the former USSR and elsewhere, in order to prevent further declines in threatened amphibian populations. This paper presents a summary of the status of amphibians in the former USSR, the threats they face and recommended measures to protect them.

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