scholarly journals Threatened amphibians in the former Soviet Union: the current situation and the main threats

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergius L. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Different Parts

Before the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, research and conservation of the region's amphibian fauna was co-ordsinated by a network of scientists. The use of similar survey methods made it possible to obtain comparable estimates of amphibian populations in different parts of the territory. Since 1991 the system of research and conservation has broken down as a result of political changes and economic crisis. The scientific community has become fragmented and there is a scarcity of funds available for essential research and conservation. There is an urgent need for the adoption and implementation of conservation measures, both within the territory of the former USSR and elsewhere, in order to prevent further declines in threatened amphibian populations. This paper presents a summary of the status of amphibians in the former USSR, the threats they face and recommended measures to protect them.

Is the USSR dead? Experience from the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Golovnin ◽  
Alexander Libman ◽  
Daria Ushkalova ◽  
Alexandra Yakusheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Economic Linkages

The paper examines the economic linkages between the post-Soviet states from the point of view of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2009. It aims to find out whether the interdependence between the countries of the former Soviet Union is still large enough that crises in individual countries affect the economic development in the neighboring states, and assesses the impact of the crisis itself on the linkages between the former Soviet republics. The evidence is mixed: while some channels of interdependence deteriorated over the last decade, others became more important, and some were even strengthened by the crisis itself.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of public administration in post-soviet societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
Sergii A. Vavreniuk ◽  
Oleksandr M. Nepomnyashchyy ◽  
Oleksandra A. Marusheva ◽  
Iryna A. Lahunova ◽  
Svitlana M. Shostak
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Current State ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Newly Independent States

This article focuses on the problem of public administration in the countries of the former Soviet Union. It reveals the economic development issues of the states of the post-Soviet space, considers the main common and distinctive features for the newly independent states. The central problem raised in the article is the determination of the current state of the modernization process in post-Soviet societies. The author assumes the presence of demodernization and presents an argument in confirming his opinion. In addition, the article reveals the issues of the modern political state of such countries of the former USSR as Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The author traces the process of demodernization and dependence of political and social development on the governing elitist groups, leading to authoritarianism as opposed to the supposed democracy and modernization.

To the 44th anniversary of the first in Ukraine and the former USSR reimplantation of the upper limb after its complete traumatic amputation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V.G. Rindenko ◽  
◽  
V.V. Krasnobai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Traumatic Amputation ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Further Development

This work is a tribute to the 44th Anniversary of the first in Ukraine and the former Soviet Union reimplantation of the upper limb after its complete traumatic amputation and impact of the case on further development of microsurgery and replantology in the USSR

Trends in Global Oil Investments Over the Past 20 Years

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Shirobokova ◽  
Fe Amor Parel Gudmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Relationship

Today, energy is an irreplaceable resource without which it is impossible to imagine the life of modern society. Oil, as the most important energy resource, has a significant impact on both individual economies and the world economy. The main objective of this chapter is to identify the relationship between oil supply and oil demand of developed and developing countries on the example of OECD and Former Soviet Union countries. The changes that took place in supply and demand in the oil market from 2000 to 2020 are investigated. The chapter uses graphic and mathematical analysis. It is clear with a fair amount of confidence that the oil demand in developed countries is higher than their supply, and the supply of oil in developing countries is rather more than demand. Also, the chapter draws attention to investments in the oil industry, including on the example of Russia as a former USSR country, analyzes their current state, and draws appropriate conclusions.

The Caspian Sea: Quest for a New Legal Regime

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Vinogradov ◽  
Patricia Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Former Ussr

One of the most controversial contests over the allocation of shared natural resources is now being waged by four former Soviet Union republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan) and Iran over the riches of the Caspian Sea. The bilateral regime established by the former USSR and Iran governing the Caspian Sea, though technically still existing today, is inadequate to deal with the present-day complex issues of the use and allocation of natural resources. The situation is aggravated by unilateral claims of the states bordering the Sea. Although the coastal states are currently discussing how the regime of the Caspian Sea might be resolved, the issue is not yet settled and the positions of the parties remain divergent.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Role of Economic Crisis on Health and Healthcare Infrastructure in Three Disparate National Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
David M. Claborn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
National Economies

The collapse of a country’s economy can have significant impacts on the health and healthcare infrastructure of the country. This paper compares the collapse of three national economies from widely separated regions: Venezuela, Zimbabwe, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Despite significant differences in the environments and cultures of these countries, there are some common variables and outcomes shared by most of the countries including effects on healthcare workforce, disproportionate effects on marginalized populations, and resurgence of certain infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Dlaczego Putin wszczął wojnę przeciw Ukrainie?

Politeja ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2 (34/1)) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Mykoła Doroszko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Russian President ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
New Type ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Eu

Why Putin Started War Against Ukraine? The author analyzes the causes and consequences of undeclared war of Russia against Ukraine. Among the main reasons – the desire to restore Russian leadership’s geopolitical influence in the former Soviet Union by building a new type of empire. In order to reach it official Moscow uses a wide range of tools - from economic pressure and blackmail to armed aggression on the territories of the former USSR. The author is convinced that the annexation of the Crimea and the undeclared war of Russia against Ukraine were the result of revanchist policy of Russian President Vladimir Putin aimed at the return of influential world power status. Achieving this goal involves prevention of Europeanisation and democratization of post-Soviet countries, the main jewel among which is Ukraine. Exit from the influence of Russia is possible, according to the author, through the integration of Ukraine into the EU and NATO.

scholarly journals Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanos Franca ◽  
Daniel Kitagawa ◽  
Samir Cavalcante ◽  
Jorge da Silva ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nerve Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Physical Chemical

“Novichoks” is the name given to the controversial chemical weapons supposedly developed in the former Soviet Union between the 1970s and the 1990s. Designed to be undetectable and untreatable, these chemicals became the most toxic of the nerve agents, being very attractive for both terrorist and chemical warfare purposes. However, very little information is available in the literature, and the Russian government did not acknowledge their development. The intent of this review is to provide the IJMS readers with a general overview on what is known about novichoks today. We briefly tell the story of the secret development of these agents, and discuss their synthesis, toxicity, physical-chemical properties, and possible ways of treatment and neutralization. In addition, we also wish to call the attention of the scientific community to the great risks still represented by nerve agents worldwide, and the need to keep constant investments in the development of antidotes and ways to protect against such deadly compounds.

Possible International Forums for the Resolution of Legal Conflicts Over Pipeline Transit in the Former Soviet Union

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-454
Author(s):  
Timur Sinuraya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Energy Charter Treaty ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
Former Ussr

The development of the former USSR oil and gas resources presents considerable political and legal challenges, such as intergovernmental agreements, delimitation of borders, and jurisdiction over the energy resources (e.g., Caspian basin). In this respect the pipeline transportation and transit have become increasingly important issues. In view of Article 7 of the Energy Charter Treaty, the novel public international law obligation of states to facilitate and not to impede the transport of energy through pipelines, this article will briefly consider the possible international forums for the resolution of legal conflicts over pipeline transit in the former Soviet Union.

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