Transformed Religion and a Proliferation of Churches
Keyword(s):
The roles of religion and accompanying church life in the modern age remained one of the major wellsprings of black agency. It was within these spheres that E. Franklin Frazier observed a type of religious freedom and expression that permeated the African American class and cultural spectrum. Blacks attended religious services and practiced a variety of beliefs ranging from Christian Science teaching to genuine Islam to elevated Baha'ism to black Judaism to various esoteric strains of Christianity. This chapter covers this transformation, which also witnessed the city's black clergy bridging the constitutional gap between church and state in a most dramatic fashion.