The Voice in the Drum

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Novelistic Form ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Based on extensive research in India and Pakistan, this book examines the ways drumming and voices interconnect over vast areas of South Asia and considers what it means for musical instruments to be voice-like and carry textual messages in particular contexts. The book employs a hybrid, novelistic form of presentation in which the fictional protagonist Muharram Ali, a man obsessed with finding music he believes will dissolve religious and political barriers, interacts with the book's field consultants, to communicate ethnographic and historical realities that transcend the local details of any one person's life. The result is a daring narrative that follows Muharram Ali on a journey that explores how the themes of South Asian Muslims and their neighbors coming together, moving apart, and relating to God and spiritual intermediaries resonate across ritual and expressive forms such as drumming and dancing. The story charts the breakdown of this naiveté. A daring narrative of music, religion and politics in late twentieth century South Asia, the book delves into the social and religious principles around which Muslims, Hindus, and others bond, create distinctions, reflect upon one another, or decline to acknowledge differences.

Counterweight: Helen Samuels, Archival Decolonization, and Social License

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-444
Author(s):  
Greg Bak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
School System ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Residential School ◽  
Archival Appraisal ◽  
Social License ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

ABSTRACT Helen Samuels sought to document institutions in society by adding to official archives counterweights of private records and archivist-created records such as oral histories. In this way, she recognized and sought to mitigate biases that arise from institution-centric application of archival functionalism. Samuels's thinking emerged from a late-twentieth-century consensus on the social license for archival appraisal, which formed around the work of West German archivist Hans Booms, who wrote, “If there is indeed anything or anyone qualified to lend legitimacy to archival appraisal, it is society itself.” Today, archivists require renewed social license in light of acknowledgment that North American governments and institutions sought to open lands for settlement and for exploitation of natural resources by removing or eliminating Indigenous peoples. Can a society be said to “lend legitimacy” to archival appraisal when it has grossly violated human, civil, and Indigenous rights? Starting from the question of how to create an adequate archives of Canada's Indigenous residential school system, the author locates Samuels's work amid other late-twentieth-century work on appraisal and asks how far her thinking can take us in pursuit of archival decolonization.

Introduction

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Introduction provides an orientation to the book and its key questions: What did it mean to become “modern” in the early twentieth century? How did American ethnicities take shape in the years leading up to and after World War II? How did middle-class women experience and shape their changing roles in society, before the social revolutions of the late twentieth century? How are these things related? The Introduction also covers an overview of mahjong’s trajectory in the United States. It examines background related to the history of leisure, gender, and consumerism in addition to introducing key sources and methodologies. The introduction sets up the book to tell the story of mahjong’s role in the creation of identifiably ethnic communities, women’s access to respectable leisure, and how Americans used ideas of China to understand themselves.

History and the Militarized Landscape

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-184
Author(s):  
David Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The environmental history of war, especially its impacts on landscape, encompasses a much broader scope than the conflicts and the historiography of the late twentieth century. Ideas on the social and environmental processes of conflict draw from a much longer, global discourse. This chapter uses the ancient-to-modern conflict landscape of central Vietnam to argue for a multi-layered, broader analysis of the environmental history of conflict.

scholarly journals The Recent Decline in Italian Social Services System, Amid Financial Crises and Socio-Political Constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Marco Burgalassi ◽  
Eleonora Melchiorre
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
National Government ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In Italy the social services have always been a marginal part of social protection system and only since the late twentieth century had a development. This development, however, at some time has stopped. The process of “liability reduction” of the national government towards the local welfare system and recent cuts in social funding, in fact, have led to a new decline of social services. This essay presents a longitudinal view of the issues that concerned the social services sector over the course of the last two decades. The objective of the analyses is to demonstrate that the recent decline in the social services system is tied to the economic recession of 2008, but was above all caused by the reaffirmation of the traditionally marginal position of social services on the agenda of the national government. The theoretical framework used considers the development of social services of the years of the late twentieth century as a passage of the extension and consolidation process of the Italian system of social protection built since the '60s. However, in this process the social services was placed at the edge of the main path and this determined the weakness of their position. Thus, the external event represented by the international financial crisis has had a negative impact almost exclusively on social services, while the historical features and the path of structuring of the Italian system of social protection has prevented the same happen for the other sectors (pensions, health).

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SOLUTION OF THE EXISTENTIAL CONFLICT IN THE STORY OF YURI KRASAVIN «KHUTOROK»

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Ирина Львовна Ефремова
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

В статье рассматриваются мотивы повести выдающегося отечественного прозаика Юрия Красавина «Хуторок», которые можно трактовать как экзистенциальные: мотив одиночества, мотив отчуждения, мотив бессмысленности существования человека, заброшенного в бездну бытия. Произведение реалистично передаёт атмосферу эпохи, социально-нравственный кризис, переживаемый обществом в период перестройки конца ХХ века. Мечты героя помогают преодолевать трудности жизни и в конечном итоге раскрывают путь нравственного перерождения и духовного спасения. The article considers the motives of the story «Khutorok» by the outstanding Russian prose writer Yuri Krasavin, which can be interpreted as existential: the motive of loneliness, the motive of alienation and the motive of meaningless existence of a person thrown into the abyss of being. The work realistically conveys the atmosphere of the era, the social and moral crisis experienced by society during the period of Perestroika in the late twentieth century. The hero’s dreams help him overcome the difficulties of life and ultimately reveal the path of moral rebirth and spiritual salvation.

Creating a Framework for Music Making and Leisure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Music Community ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
Action Music ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter revisits the writings of music sociologist and educator Max Kaplan (1911–1998) to inform efforts to bring together the domains of leisure and music making in the twenty-first century. The chapter begins with a brief description of Max Kaplan’s life that explains his orientation to the social functions of music, sociology, and leisure studies, and that situates his contributions in the context of his time—the mid and late twentieth century. Following the introduction, the chapter is organized around themes from Kaplan’s published works and projects: patterns of development in leisure and recreation, 1900–1960; changing conceptions of leisure and recreation in the mid-twentieth century; a theory of recreational music; community as fertile ground for observing leisure in action; music making in the context of leisure; and moving forward with Kaplan’s vision.

Women against Abortion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karissa Haugeberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Grassroots Groups ◽  
Catholic Women ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Women from remarkably diverse religious, social, and political backgrounds made up the rank-and-file of the American antiabortion movement. Empowered by--yet in many cases scared of--the changes wrought by feminism, women prolife activists founded grassroots groups, developed now-familiar strategies and tactics, and gave voice to the movement's moral and political dimensions. Drawing on clinic records, oral histories, organizational records, and interviews with prominent figures, Women against Abortion examines American women's fight against abortion. It also elucidates the complicated relationship between gender politics, religion, and politics as notions of equality, secularism, and partisanship were recast in the late twentieth century. Beginning in the 1960s, it looks at Marjory Mecklenburg's attempt to shift the attention of anti-abortion leaders from the rights of fetuses to the needs of pregnant women. Moving forward, it traces the grassroots work of Catholic women, including Juli Loesch and Joan Andrews, and their encounters with the influx of evangelicals into the movement. The book also looks at the activism of Shelley Shannon, a prominent evangelical Protestant pro-life extremist of the 1990s. Women against Abortion explores important questions, including the ways people fused religious conviction with partisan politics, activists' rationalizations for lethal violence, and how women claimed space within an unshakably patriarchal movement.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Anusha Kedhar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Flexible Bodies ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Bodily Practice ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Flexible Bodies situates the late twentieth-century emergence of British South Asian dance as a genre in relation to the parallel rise of neoliberalism and multiculturalism in Britain.1 Specifically, it tells the story of British South Asian dancers and the creative ways in which they negotiate the demands of neoliberal, multicultural dance markets through an array of flexible bodily practices, including agility, versatility, speed, mobility, adaptability, and risk-taking. Attending to pain, injury, and other restrictions on movement, it also reveals the bodily limits of flexibility. Theorizing the flexible aesthetics of British South Asian dancers as both a bodily practice and political tactic, ...

Risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Anusha Kedhar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Care Of Self

Chapter 4 theorizes flexibility in relation to neoliberal discourses of risk. The beginnings of neoliberalism in the 1970s are marked by a significant shift in capital’s relationship to risk, from risk-aversion to risk-seeking. The emergence of British South Asian dance in the 1980s roughly aligns with this late twentieth-century rise in risk-taking. This chapter examines how neoliberal demands for risk echo and intersect with British multiculturalism’s expectations on South Asian dancers to display virtuosity, speed, and versatility. Together, they create conditions of physical pain and economic precarity for racialized dancing bodies. Dancers’ bodies, however, are not merely inscribed by neoliberalism and multiculturalism. South Asian dancers use choreographic tools and other bodily tactics to gain creative control over their bodily labor and continue to circulate within a competitive British dance economy in ways that are safe and pleasurable. Drawing on Talal Asad’s notion of “pain as action,” this chapter demonstrates how British South Asian dancers intentionally and strategically respond to demands for risk-taking and flexibility through small, seemingly insignificant corporeal tactics, such as enduring pain, modifying choreographic tasks, and practicing care of self and care of others.

Book Reviews: Learning How to Ask, Research Interviewing, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Freedom, Equality and the Market: Arguments on Social Policy, Cities, Capitalism and Civilisation, Confronting Crime, Images of Social Stratification: Occupational Structures and Class, Women and Poverty in Britain, White Collar Workers: Trade Unions and Class, Democracy at Work, Power and Powerlessness in Industry: An Analysis of the Social Relations of Production, Grey Dawn Breaking: British Merchant Seafarers in the Late Twentieth Century, Power and Powerlessness in Industry: An Analysis of the Social Relations of Production, Grey Dawn Breaking: British Merchant Seafarers in the Late Twentieth Century, The Automobile Industry and its Workers: Between Fordism and Flexibility, Inside the Secondary Classroom, Sexuality, Sexual Contradictions: Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Feminism, Reassessing Fatherhood, Social Change and the Life Course, The Thorn in the Chrysanthemum

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-432
Author(s):  
Janet Powney ◽  
Susan Leigh Star ◽  
David Mason ◽  
Patrick Mullins ◽  
Christopher Dandeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Power And Powerlessness ◽  
Late Twentieth Century
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