Book Reviews: Learning How to Ask, Research Interviewing, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Freedom, Equality and the Market: Arguments on Social Policy, Cities, Capitalism and Civilisation, Confronting Crime, Images of Social Stratification: Occupational Structures and Class, Women and Poverty in Britain, White Collar Workers: Trade Unions and Class, Democracy at Work, Power and Powerlessness in Industry: An Analysis of the Social Relations of Production, Grey Dawn Breaking: British Merchant Seafarers in the Late Twentieth Century, Power and Powerlessness in Industry: An Analysis of the Social Relations of Production, Grey Dawn Breaking: British Merchant Seafarers in the Late Twentieth Century, The Automobile Industry and its Workers: Between Fordism and Flexibility, Inside the Secondary Classroom, Sexuality, Sexual Contradictions: Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Feminism, Reassessing Fatherhood, Social Change and the Life Course, The Thorn in the Chrysanthemum

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-432
Author(s):  
Janet Powney ◽  
Susan Leigh Star ◽  
David Mason ◽  
Patrick Mullins ◽  
Christopher Dandeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The Social ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Power And Powerlessness ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Counterweight: Helen Samuels, Archival Decolonization, and Social License

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-444
Author(s):  
Greg Bak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
School System ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Residential School ◽  
Archival Appraisal ◽  
Social License ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

ABSTRACT Helen Samuels sought to document institutions in society by adding to official archives counterweights of private records and archivist-created records such as oral histories. In this way, she recognized and sought to mitigate biases that arise from institution-centric application of archival functionalism. Samuels's thinking emerged from a late-twentieth-century consensus on the social license for archival appraisal, which formed around the work of West German archivist Hans Booms, who wrote, “If there is indeed anything or anyone qualified to lend legitimacy to archival appraisal, it is society itself.” Today, archivists require renewed social license in light of acknowledgment that North American governments and institutions sought to open lands for settlement and for exploitation of natural resources by removing or eliminating Indigenous peoples. Can a society be said to “lend legitimacy” to archival appraisal when it has grossly violated human, civil, and Indigenous rights? Starting from the question of how to create an adequate archives of Canada's Indigenous residential school system, the author locates Samuels's work amid other late-twentieth-century work on appraisal and asks how far her thinking can take us in pursuit of archival decolonization.

Introduction

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Introduction provides an orientation to the book and its key questions: What did it mean to become “modern” in the early twentieth century? How did American ethnicities take shape in the years leading up to and after World War II? How did middle-class women experience and shape their changing roles in society, before the social revolutions of the late twentieth century? How are these things related? The Introduction also covers an overview of mahjong’s trajectory in the United States. It examines background related to the history of leisure, gender, and consumerism in addition to introducing key sources and methodologies. The introduction sets up the book to tell the story of mahjong’s role in the creation of identifiably ethnic communities, women’s access to respectable leisure, and how Americans used ideas of China to understand themselves.

History and the Militarized Landscape

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-184
Author(s):  
David Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The environmental history of war, especially its impacts on landscape, encompasses a much broader scope than the conflicts and the historiography of the late twentieth century. Ideas on the social and environmental processes of conflict draw from a much longer, global discourse. This chapter uses the ancient-to-modern conflict landscape of central Vietnam to argue for a multi-layered, broader analysis of the environmental history of conflict.

The Voice in the Drum

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Novelistic Form ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Based on extensive research in India and Pakistan, this book examines the ways drumming and voices interconnect over vast areas of South Asia and considers what it means for musical instruments to be voice-like and carry textual messages in particular contexts. The book employs a hybrid, novelistic form of presentation in which the fictional protagonist Muharram Ali, a man obsessed with finding music he believes will dissolve religious and political barriers, interacts with the book's field consultants, to communicate ethnographic and historical realities that transcend the local details of any one person's life. The result is a daring narrative that follows Muharram Ali on a journey that explores how the themes of South Asian Muslims and their neighbors coming together, moving apart, and relating to God and spiritual intermediaries resonate across ritual and expressive forms such as drumming and dancing. The story charts the breakdown of this naiveté. A daring narrative of music, religion and politics in late twentieth century South Asia, the book delves into the social and religious principles around which Muslims, Hindus, and others bond, create distinctions, reflect upon one another, or decline to acknowledge differences.

scholarly journals The Recent Decline in Italian Social Services System, Amid Financial Crises and Socio-Political Constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Marco Burgalassi ◽  
Eleonora Melchiorre
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
National Government ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In Italy the social services have always been a marginal part of social protection system and only since the late twentieth century had a development. This development, however, at some time has stopped. The process of “liability reduction” of the national government towards the local welfare system and recent cuts in social funding, in fact, have led to a new decline of social services. This essay presents a longitudinal view of the issues that concerned the social services sector over the course of the last two decades. The objective of the analyses is to demonstrate that the recent decline in the social services system is tied to the economic recession of 2008, but was above all caused by the reaffirmation of the traditionally marginal position of social services on the agenda of the national government. The theoretical framework used considers the development of social services of the years of the late twentieth century as a passage of the extension and consolidation process of the Italian system of social protection built since the '60s. However, in this process the social services was placed at the edge of the main path and this determined the weakness of their position. Thus, the external event represented by the international financial crisis has had a negative impact almost exclusively on social services, while the historical features and the path of structuring of the Italian system of social protection has prevented the same happen for the other sectors (pensions, health).

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SOLUTION OF THE EXISTENTIAL CONFLICT IN THE STORY OF YURI KRASAVIN «KHUTOROK»

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Ирина Львовна Ефремова
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

В статье рассматриваются мотивы повести выдающегося отечественного прозаика Юрия Красавина «Хуторок», которые можно трактовать как экзистенциальные: мотив одиночества, мотив отчуждения, мотив бессмысленности существования человека, заброшенного в бездну бытия. Произведение реалистично передаёт атмосферу эпохи, социально-нравственный кризис, переживаемый обществом в период перестройки конца ХХ века. Мечты героя помогают преодолевать трудности жизни и в конечном итоге раскрывают путь нравственного перерождения и духовного спасения. The article considers the motives of the story «Khutorok» by the outstanding Russian prose writer Yuri Krasavin, which can be interpreted as existential: the motive of loneliness, the motive of alienation and the motive of meaningless existence of a person thrown into the abyss of being. The work realistically conveys the atmosphere of the era, the social and moral crisis experienced by society during the period of Perestroika in the late twentieth century. The hero’s dreams help him overcome the difficulties of life and ultimately reveal the path of moral rebirth and spiritual salvation.

Creating a Framework for Music Making and Leisure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Music Community ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
Action Music ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter revisits the writings of music sociologist and educator Max Kaplan (1911–1998) to inform efforts to bring together the domains of leisure and music making in the twenty-first century. The chapter begins with a brief description of Max Kaplan’s life that explains his orientation to the social functions of music, sociology, and leisure studies, and that situates his contributions in the context of his time—the mid and late twentieth century. Following the introduction, the chapter is organized around themes from Kaplan’s published works and projects: patterns of development in leisure and recreation, 1900–1960; changing conceptions of leisure and recreation in the mid-twentieth century; a theory of recreational music; community as fertile ground for observing leisure in action; music making in the context of leisure; and moving forward with Kaplan’s vision.

Going to the Fraternity Feast: Commensality and Social Relations in Late Medieval England

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervase Rosser
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

In the history of medieval ideas about community, a prominent place must be accorded to the fraternity, or guild. This type of voluntary association, found throughout medieval Europe, frequently applied to itself the name of communitas. The community of the guild was not, however, a simple phenomenon; it invites closer analysis than it has yet received. As religious clubs of mostly lay men and (often) women, the fraternities of medieval Christendom have lately been a favored subject among students of spirituality. Less interest, however, has recently been shown in the social aspects of the guilds. One reason for this neglect may be precisely the communitarian emphasis in the normative records of these societies, which most late twentieth-century historians find unrealistic and, perhaps, faintly embarrassing. But allowing, as it must be allowed, that medieval society was not the Edenic commune evoked in fraternity statutes, the social historian is left with some substantial questions concerning these organizations, whose number alone commands attention: fifteenth-century England probably contained 30,000 guilds. Why were so many people eager to pay subscriptions—which, though usually modest, were not insignificant—to be admitted as “brothers” and “sisters” of one or more fraternities? Who attended guild meetings, and what did they hope to achieve by doing so? What social realities gave rise to the common language of equal brotherhood? This essay is intended to shed some light on these questions by focusing on what for every guild was the event which above all gave it visible definition: the annual celebration of the patronal feast day.

scholarly journals Indo - English Novels Amalgamation of Indian Tradition and World Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Dayananda Sagar G S
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
English Novel ◽  
Indian Tradition ◽  
European Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Recurrent Motif

In India the novel is the readiest and most acceptable way of embodying experiences and ideas in the context of our time.The duality of Indo-English fiction has been attracting worldwide attention. One wonders whether the Indo-English novel is a part of the Indian tradition or the European tradition or of the abstract world tradition.The Indo-English fiction in Post-independent India assumed over the preceding thirty years all kinds of colorful traditions. It is now free from the social yard political overtones of a rabidly nationalistic variety.As regards the theme of the novel, in the late Twentieth Century alienation has significantly affected the Indo-English novel. It has served as a recurrent motif in quite a few works produced by Indian novelists in English. It is also the dominant trait of several characters created by the novelists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document