scholarly journals CULTURING, IDENTIFICATION AND DRUG RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN SPUTUM SPECIMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Amir ◽  
Y Javed ◽  
S Hanif ◽  
M Tahir ◽  
MA Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Susceptibility Assay

The development of low-cost, fast, and reliable methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and drug susceptibility is critical for tuberculosis control. The new microscopic examination of liquid drug susceptibility assay (MODS) examines early MTB colonies in a liquid medium, which permits for more convenient diagnosis and testing of drug susceptibility. The sensitivity of MODS (91%) was superior as compared to the sensitivity of different culture methods (92%). The MGIT and MODS were used to monitor tuberculosis-positive sputum samples for isoniazid and rifampin susceptibility. Concordance between MODS and MGIT was found in 89 percent of cases. MODS are the fastest method used for diagnostic and susceptibility testing (median, 10.0 or 9 days). MODS is a fast, low-cost, responsive, and particular method for detecting and testing MTB susceptibility; it is specifically well-suited utilize in growing countries with high infection rates and a growing number of multidrug-resistant cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Etest for Susceptibility Testing of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis †

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4599-4603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzour Hernando Hazbón ◽  
Maria del Socorro Orozco ◽  
Luz Angela Labrada ◽  
Rafael Tovar ◽  
Kristen A. Weigle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Proportion Method ◽  
Testing Techniques

To prescribe effective treatment schemes for patients with tuberculosis, more-efficient susceptibility testing techniques forMycobacterium tuberculosis are needed, especially in regions with multidrug resistance. Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) is a simple technique that provides quantitative drug susceptibility results for M. tuberculosis in 5 to 10 days from a culture grown at low cost. The performance of Etest was compared to that of the reference proportion method, using 95 M. tuberculosisclinical isolates of which 42.1% (40 of 95) were resistant to at least one antibiotic by the reference method. Overall agreement between Etest and the reference method was 98.9% (94 of 95) for detection of multidrug resistance; for resistance to individual drugs, agreement was 97.9% (93 of 95) for rifampin, 96.0% (92 of 95) for ethambutol, 94.7% (90 of 95) for isoniazid, and 85.3% (81 of 95) for streptomycin. This study supports the utility of Etest for timely detection of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis and for use in tuberculosis control programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility Assay for Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shiferaw ◽  
Y. Woldeamanuel ◽  
M. Gebeyehu ◽  
F. Girmachew ◽  
D. Demessie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Assay

scholarly journals Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain H37RV And MDR-TB

Elkawnie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashuri Masri ◽  
Cut Muthiadin ◽  
Masita Masita ◽  
Tri Cahyanto ◽  
Lianah Lianah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Tuberculosis Strain ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Susceptibility Assay ◽  
Strain H37rv

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 10 million people suffer from TB Every year. Although TB is a preventable and treatable disease, 1.5 million people die every year due to TB. Alternative treatments continue to be pursued, and treatment with the latest TB drugs that are continuously being encouraged. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed contains essential oils with active compounds such as thymohydroquinone, Oleoresins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids that act as antibacterial drugs. This study aims to determine the sensitivity of  N. sativa seed extract in inhibiting the growth of  M. tuberculosis strain H37RV and MDR-TB (Multidrug Resistance-TB). This research using Microscopic-Observation and Drug-Susceptibility Assay (MODS) method. Extraction of N. sativa was carried out by the maceration method using 70% methanol as a solvent. The results showed that the M. tuberculosis strain H37RV and MDR-TB were sensitive to N. sativa extract at concentrations of 5 and 10% but resistant to N. sativa extract at concentrations of 1 and 3%.Abstrak: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penyakit ini menimbulkan dampak kematian yang cukup mengkhawatirkan.  Penyakit tersebut dapat dicegah dan diobati. Salah satu sumber pengobatannya menggunakan biji jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) yang mengandung minyak atsiri dengan senyawa aktif seperti timohidrokuinon, oleoresin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berfungsi sebagai obat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas ekstrak biji N. sativa dalam menghambat pertumbuhan M. tuberculosis strain H37RV and MDR-TB (Multidrug-Resistance-TB). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Microscopic-Observation and Drug-Susceptibility Assay (MODS). Ekstraksi N. sativa dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol 70%. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa bakteri M. tuberculosis strain H37RV dan TB-MDR, kedua  strain tsb sensitif terhadap ekstrak N. sativa konsentrasi 5 dan 10%,  tetapi resisten terhadap  ekstrak N. sativa konsentrasi 1 dan 3%.

scholarly journals Direct Detection of Pyrazinamide Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of pncA PCR Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley King-Gee Tam ◽  
Kenneth Siu-Sing Leung ◽  
Gilman Kit-Hang Siu ◽  
Kwok-Chiu Chang ◽  
Samson Sai-Yin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

ABSTRACT An in-house-developed pncA sequencing assay for analysis of pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance was evaluated using 162 archived Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates with phenotypic PZA susceptibility profiles that were well defined by analysis of Bactec MGIT 960 PZA kit and PZase activity data. Preliminary results showed 100% concordance between pncA sequencing and phenotypic PZA drug susceptibility test (DST) results among archived isolates. Also, 637 respiratory specimens were prospectively collected, and 158 were reported as MTBC positive by the Abbott Realtime MTB assay (96.3% sensitivity [95% confidence interval {CI}: 92.2% to 98.7%]; 100% specificity [95% CI: 99.2% to 100.0%]). Genotypic and phenotypic PZA resistance profiles of these 158 MTBC-positive specimens were analyzed by pncA sequencing and Bactec MGIT 960 PZA kit, respectively. For analysis of PZA resistance, pncA sequencing detected pncA mutations in 5/5 (100%) phenotypic PZA-resistant respiratory specimens within 4 working days. No pncA mutations were detected among PZA-susceptible specimens. Combining archived isolates with prospective specimens, 27 were identified as phenotypic PZA resistant with pncA mutation. Among these 27 samples, 6/27 (22.2%) phenotypic PZA-resistant strains carried novel pncA mutations without rpsA and panD mutations. These included 5 with mutations (a deletion [Del] at 383T [Del383T], Del 380 to 390, insertion of A [A Ins] at position 127, A Ins at position 407, and G Ins at position 508) in pncA structural genes and 1 with a mutation (T-12C) at the pncA promoter region. All six of these strains had no or reduced PZase activities, indicating that the novel mutations might confer PZA resistance. Additionally, 25/27 phenotypic PZA-resistant strains were confirmed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains. As PZA is commonly used in MDR-TB treatment regimens, direct pncA sequencing will rapidly detect PZA resistance and facilitate judicious use of PZA in treating PZA-susceptible MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) Assay: A Convenient Method for Determining Antibiogram of Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Enid Owusu ◽  
Mercy Jemima Newman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
User Friendly

(1) Background: Present methods for drug susceptibility tests (DST) rely on culture methods that are sophisticated and relatively faster, or a slow and cheaper option. These methods frustrate disease control; therefore, there is a need for methods that incorporate key functions of microscopy and culture, with reduced cost burden and sophistry. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify which, among the most commonly used (in Ghana) methods, can conveniently be used at health centers located in rural areas for effective DST determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). (2) Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were tested for their susceptibility to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol (SIRE), and pyrazinamide by microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) and BACTEC MGIT 960 methods. Evaluations were based on shorter turnaround periods, rapidity, ease of use, cost, etc. A comparative analysis was statistically expressed as kappa values. (3) Results: Endpoints for drug susceptibilities by MODS averaged 13 days (7–32), whilst that for BACTEC MGIT 960 was 10 days with a further 12 days to detect resistance. Therefore, a turnaround period of 22 days was needed for DST by BACTEC MGIT 960, compared to 13 days for MODS. There were differences in correlation levels between the two methods, as determined by their kappa values. (4) Conclusion: The MODS assay was found to be less costly, more user-friendly, and still able to be conveniently used at health centers located in rural areas known to be endemic for TB, particularly in Ghana.

scholarly journals Disparities in Capreomycin Resistance Levels Associated with therrsA1401G Mutation in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 444-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analise Z. Reeves ◽  
Patricia J. Campbell ◽  
Melisa J. Willby ◽  
James E. Posey
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTAs the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis strains continues to rise, so does the need to develop accurate and rapid molecular tests to complement time-consuming growth-based drug susceptibility testing. Performance of molecular methods relies on the association of specific mutations with phenotypic drug resistance and while considerable progress has been made for resistance detection of first-line antituberculosis drugs, rapid detection of resistance for second-line drugs lags behind. TherrsA1401G allele is considered a strong predictor of cross-resistance between the three second-line injectable drugs, capreomycin (CAP), kanamycin, and amikacin. However, discordance is often observed between therrsA1401G mutation and CAP resistance, with up to 40% ofrrsA1401G mutants being classified as CAP susceptible. We measured the MICs to CAP in 53 clinical isolates harboring therrsA1401G mutation and found that the CAP MICs ranged from 8 μg/ml to 40 μg/ml. These results were drastically different from engineered A1401G mutants generated in isogenicMycobacterium tuberculosis, which exclusively exhibited high-level CAP MICs of 40 μg/ml. These data support the results of prior studies, which suggest that the critical concentration of CAP (10 μg/ml) used to determine resistance by indirect agar proportion may be too high to detect all CAP-resistant strains and suggest that a larger percentage of resistant isolates could be identified by lowering the critical concentration. These data also suggest that differences in resistance levels among clinical isolates are possibly due to second site or compensatory mutations located elsewhere in the genome.

scholarly journals Rapid, Low-Technology MIC Determination with Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates by Using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Franzblau ◽  
Richard S. Witzig ◽  
James C. McLaughlin ◽  
Patricia Torres ◽  
Guillermo Madico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Alamar Blue Assay ◽  
Alamar Blue ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Stable Reagent ◽  
Initial Results

A colorimetric, microplate-based Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method was used to determine the MICs of isoniazid (INH), rifampin, streptomycin (SM), and ethambutol (EMB) for 34 PeruvianMycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (including both pansensitive and multidrug-resistant strains) and the H37Rv strain by using bacterial suspensions prepared directly from solid media. Results for all isolates were available within 8 days. Discordant results were observed on initial tests for 3 of 16 INH-susceptible isolates, 5 of 31 EMB-susceptible isolates, and 2 of 4 SM-resistant isolates (by the BACTEC 460 system). The overall agreements between the MICs obtained by MABA and the results obtained with the BACTEC 460 system were 87.9% for initial results and 93.6% after retesting 12 of 17 samples with discrepant results. Interpretation of MABA endpoints improved with technical experience. The MABA is a simple, rapid, low-cost, appropriate technology which does not require expensive instrumentation and which makes use of a nontoxic, temperature-stable reagent.

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