Aerosols Characterization during the Holi festival in Dehradun: Foothills of the Himalayas, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
S. Prabhu ◽  
Ashish Soni ◽  
Pooja Panwar ◽  
Vijay Shridhar
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Holi Festival

In this study, Partisol 2300 speciation sampler and ICP-OES were used for determining the mass and elemental composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during Holi festival week 13th March 2014 to 20th March 2014 at Dehradun, India. Chemical analysis for 15 elements (Fe, Ni, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Na, K, Al, Mg, Sb and Ca) were carried out with the collected samples (n=8). The order of concentration of chemical species during holi festival days were K>Fe>Na>Mn>Mg>Cr> Zn>Ca>Al>Cu>As>Pb>Ni>Sb>Cd. Aethalometer was used for determining the Black Carbon (BC) concentration and percentage of black carbon contributed by the biomass burning (BB). The average mass concentration of PM2.5 and BC during holi festival week (pre-Holi (3 days), holi(holi festival days) (2 days) and post-holi (3 days)) period was found to be 41.58, 68.61, 42.96 µg/m3 and 4.97 ± 1.89, 7.61 ± 2.37, 3.20 ± 2.46 µg/m3 respectively. The percentage of BC contributed by BB during pre-Holi, Holi and post-Holi period was 15.05 %, 18.20 % and 17.24 %. On analyzing the concentration of PM2.5, BC, surface ozone (O3), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during the sampling period, substantial increase in concentration was observed during Holi from pre-Holi period.

scholarly journals Short-Term Association between Black Carbon Exposure and Cardiovascular Diseases in Pakistan’s Largest Megacity

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Malashock ◽  
Haider Khwaja ◽  
Zafar Fatmi ◽  
Azhar Siddique ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Residential Site ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

This study investigated the association between black carbon (BC) exposure and hospital admissions (HAs) and outpatient department/emergency room (OPD/ER) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among residents of Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. We measured daily concentrations of BC in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and collected records of HAs and OPD/ER visits for CVD from 2 major tertiary care hospitals serving Karachi for 6 weeks continuously during each quarter over 1 year (August 2008–August 2009). We subsequently analyzed daily counts of hospital and BC data over 0–3 lag days. Daily mean BC concentrations varied from 1 to 32 µg/m3. Results suggest that BC concentrations are associated with CVD HAs and OPD/ER visits. However, associations were generally only observed when modeled with BC from Tibet Center, the commercial-residential site, as compared to Korangi, the industrial-residential site. Overall, low statistical significance suggests that while BC may be a valuable indicator for CVD health risks from combustion-derived particles, further evaluation of the constituents of PM2.5 and their relative contributions to CVD health impacts is necessary.

Extreme concentrations of fine particulate matter and black carbon during commute

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika S. Brand ◽  
Thiago Nogueira ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Maria de Fatima Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Extreme Value Distribution ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Commuter Exposure ◽  
Evening Peak

<p>Commuters are vulnerable to traffic air pollutants, especially to fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and black carbon (BC) because of their proximity to on-road vehicles. Both pollutants have been extensively associated to adverse health effects (i.e., stroke, diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and cancer). Therefore, this work aims to investigate the extreme concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC occurrence in commuters in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil. We carried out a field campaign measuring the commuter exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC concentrations inside buses, cars and undergrounds in São Paulo during morning and evening peak-hours. We fitted an Extreme Value Distribution to the collected data to investigate the behavior of the extreme values in the different transport modes and periods of the day. The results suggest that higher concentrations of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC occur more frequently inside buses, followed by cars and undergrounds. Extreme concentrations for both pollutants are more likely to happen during morning peak-hours when compared to evening peak-hours. Our findings add further evidence that the transport mode and period of the day affect substantially the PM<sub>2.5</sub> and BC exposure in commuters. Furthermore, the results are quite useful for supporting urban policies that consider the improvement of the efficiency of air filtering systems inside public transport and private cars.</p>

scholarly journals Black carbon air pollution

Dela ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 5-43
Author(s):  
Kristina Glojek ◽  
Asta Gregorič ◽  
Matej Ogrin
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Karst Depression ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Temperature Inversions

The paper presents a study of air pollution caused by black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter (PM) carried out in the rural area of the municipality of Loški Potok in the winter season of 2017/2018. Measurements of pollutants were performed at two different locations, one at Retje, a village at the bottom of a karst depression, and the other on the top of the Tabor hill in settlement Hrib. The measurement results exposed the main sources of black carbon air pollution in this area: domestic heating with biomass (almost 80% of all black carbon emissions) and unfavorable meteorological conditions for dilution of pollutants during temperature inversions. Three times higher concentrations were measured at Retje during temperature inversions than in the days of mixed atmosphere. In the winter of 2017/18, the average concentrations in the Retje hollow were even higher than those of Ljubljana, which calls attention to the problem of polluted air in rural areas too.

Optical properties and source identification of black carbon and brown carbon: comparison of winter and summer haze episodes in Xi'an, Northwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2058-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhenxing Shen ◽  
Yali Lei ◽  
Tian Zhang ◽  
Yaling Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Source Identification ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Insight Into

Summer and winter fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected to provide insight into the seasonal variations of the optical properties and source profiles of PM2.5 black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) in Xi'an, China.

Potential exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon on jogging trails in Macau

2019 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Liu ◽  
Mandy Minle He ◽  
Cheng Wu ◽  
Jinjian Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Potential Exposure ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Impacts of East Mediterranean megacity emissions on air quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 6335-6355 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Im ◽  
M. Kanakidou
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. Megacities are large urban agglomerations with intensive anthropogenic emissions that have significant impacts on local and regional air quality. In the present mesoscale modeling study, the impacts of anthropogenic emissions from the Greater Istanbul Area (GIA) and the Greater Athens Area (GAA) on the air quality in GIA, GAA and the entire East Mediterranean are quantified for typical wintertime (December 2008) and summertime (July 2008) conditions. They are compared to those of the regional anthropogenic and biogenic emissions that are also calculated. Finally, the efficiency of potential country-based emissions mitigation in improving air quality is investigated. The results show that relative contributions from both cities to surface ozone (O3) and aerosol levels in the cities' extended areas are generally higher in winter than in summer. Anthropogenic emissions from GIA depress surface O3 in the GIA by ~ 60% in winter and ~ 20% in summer while those from GAA reduce the surface O3 in the GAA by 30% in winter and by 8% in summer. GIA and GAA anthropogenic emissions contribute to the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels inside the cities themselves by up to 75% in winter and by 50% (GIA) and ~ 40% (GAA), in summer. GIA anthropogenic emissions have larger impacts on the domain-mean surface O3 (up to 1%) and PM2.5 (4%) levels compared to GAA anthropogenic emissions (<1% for O3 and ≤2% for PM2.5) in both seasons. Impacts of regional anthropogenic emissions on the domain-mean surface pollutant levels (up to 17% for summertime O3 and 52% for wintertime fine particulate matter, PM2.5) are much higher than those from Istanbul and Athens together (~ 1% for O3 and ~ 6% for PM2.5, respectively). Regional biogenic emissions are found to limit the production of secondary inorganic aerosol species in summer up to 13% (non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−) in rural Athens) due to their impact on oxidant levels while they have negligible impact in winter. Finally, the responses to country-based anthropogenic emission mitigation scenarios inside the studied region show increases in O3 mixing ratios in the urban areas of GIA and GAA, higher in winter (~ 13% for GIA and 2% for GAA) than in summer (~ 7% for GIA and <1% for GAA). On the opposite PM2.5 concentrations decrease by up to 30% in GIA and by 20% in GAA with the highest improvements computed for winter. The emission reduction strategy also leads to domain-wide decreases in most primary pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO) or nitrogen oxides (NOx) for both seasons. The results show the importance of long range transport of pollutants for the air quality in the East Mediterranean. Thus, improvements of air quality in the East Mediterranean require coordinated efforts inside the region and beyond.

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