Fundamentalism: Not Just a Cautionary Tale

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-151
Author(s):  
Edith M. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Ad Hominem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The One ◽  
Conservative Christians ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Church

Paradox attends the Biblical thread concerning foundations and the one true foundation, Christ—the unique divine cornerstone foundation is also a means of scandal to those who reject him. In this essay, Humphrey traces the history of the term “fundamentalism” from its Scriptural and Patristic reference to the person of Jesus Christ and/or the tradition of the Church, through the self-ascription of Protestant scholars of various denominations seeking an inclusive Christian minimalism, and into the pejorative use against sectarian evangelical Christians and political terrorists in the late twentieth century. In the end, the pejorative use of the term is too broad to offer us anything but a caricature, and “fundamentalism,” whatever it means, is more vilified than carefully explained or answered. She concludes by arguing that this term cannot reasonably be used against tradition-driven, maximalist Catholic or Orthodox Christians, and she suggests that its deployment signals a need for less conservative Christians to confront the issues raised by “fundamentalists” rather than resort to ad hominem attacks.

The History of Scientific Expert Testimony in the English Courtroom

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Golan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The ArgumentThis paper provides a historical perspective to one of the liveliest debates in common law courts today — the one over scientific expert testimony. Arguing against the current tendency to present the problem of expert testimony as a late twentieth-century predicament which threatens to spin out of control, the paper shows that the phenomena of conflicting scientific testimonies have been perennial for at least two centuries, and intensely debated in both the legal and the scientific communities for at least 150 years.

Rorty, Richard McKay (1931–2007)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Voparil
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Traditional Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Best known for his lively and provocative advocacy of pragmatism, Rorty was a wide-ranging and iconoclastic philosopher, whose influential, frequently decried work helped define some of the key intellectual debates of the late twentieth century. His broad training in the history of ideas, early exposure to pragmatism, and self-taught fluency in analytic philosophy combined in his landmark book, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979), to yield a profound anti-Cartesian and anti-Kantian critique of the foundationalist and representationalist assumptions of modern epistemology and metaphysics. Drawing insight and inspiration from novel juxtapositions and associations of thinkers – Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and Dewey; Quine, Sellars, and Davidson; Freud, Sartre, and Gadamer – Rorty set the terms of his decades-long project: what he called in Mirror the negative, "therapeutic" work of historicizing the purportedly timeless problems of traditional philosophy to highlight how they resulted from the adoption of contingent vocabularies, and the positive, "edifying" (1979) effort to think through what it would mean to move beyond "the entire cultural tradition which made truth…a central virtue" (1982, 35). In his most original work, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (1989), and across four volumes of philosophical papers and a collection of popular essays, Rorty elaborated the implications of this broader cultural and intellectual shift for our understanding of language, the self, community, politics, ethics, justice, and religion. Increasingly identifying with the pragmatist tradition, he engaged with leading philosophers around questions of truth, knowledge, justification, and relativism. Yet, the moral core of his project centered on asserting "the priority of democracy to philosophy" (1991a) and reorienting philosophical reflection away from the problems of philosophers and toward a political liberalism dedicated to the reduction of human cruelty and suffering.

scholarly journals Gedagtes oor die begin van die kerk - 'n geskiedenis van versoenende verskeidenheid

1987 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
First Century ◽  
Jesus Movement ◽  
Church Unity ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Church

Thoughts on the beginnings of the church as a history of reconciliating diversity Against the backdrop of the beginnings of the church, the article makes a plea for modem believers to take the humanity of the church more seriously in their forming of ecclesiastical structures. The development of the concept 'church unity' in the New Testament was part of the attempt to establish firstly continuation in the Jesus-movement and secondly mutual fellowship among the conflicting Jewish and Hellenistic Christians during the very beginnings of the church in the first century. Thoughts on the beginnings of the church, therefore, should not be from the perspective of institutional unity but from reconciliating diversities. Modem ideas regarding the unity of the church originated from the late-twentieth century philosophy of holism and shouldn't be anachronistically seen as the concretisation of a Biblical idea.

The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
Frederick S. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Despite the central importance of festival and devotional piety to premodernMuslims, book-length studies in this field have been relatively rare.Katz’s work, The Birth of the Prophet Muhammad, represents a tour-deforceof critical scholarship that advances the field significantly both throughits engagement with textual sources from the formative period to the presentand through its judicious use of theoretical tools to analyze this material. Asits title suggests, the work strives to explore how Muslims have alternativelypromoted and contested the commemoration of the Prophet’s birth atdifferent points in history, with a particular emphasis on how the devotionalistapproach, which was prominent in the pre-modern era, fell out of favoramong Middle Eastern Sunnis in the late twentieth century. Aimed primarilyat specialists in Middle Eastern and Islamic studies, especially scholarsof history, law, and religion, this work is recommended to anyone interestedin the history of Muslim ritual, the history of devotion to the Prophet, andthe interplay between normative and non-normative forms ofMuslim beliefand practice ...

The Myth of the Perfect Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Freidenfelds
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Unrealistic Expectation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Myth of the Perfect Pregnancy is a history of why Americans came to have the unrealistic expectation of perfect pregnancies and to mourn even very early miscarriages. The introduction explains that miscarriage is a common phenomenon and a natural part of healthy women’s childbearing: approximately 20 percent of confirmed pregnancies spontaneously miscarry, mostly in the first months of gestation. Eight topical chapters describe childbearing and pregnancy loss in colonial America; the rise of birth control from the late eighteenth century to the present; changes in parenting from the early nineteenth century to the present that increasingly focused attention on the emotional relationship between parent and child; the twentieth-century rise of prenatal care and maternal education about embryonic growth; the twentieth-century blossoming of a consumer culture that marketed baby items to pregnant women; the abortion debates from the mid-twentieth century to the present; the late twentieth-century introduction of obstetric ultrasound and its evolution into a pregnancy ritual of “meeting the baby” as early as eight weeks’ gestation; and the late twentieth-century introduction of home pregnancy testing and the identification of pregnancy as early as several days before a missed period. The conclusion offers suggestions for how women and their families, health-care providers, and the maternity care industry can better handle pregnancy and address miscarriage.

EXODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schechner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This essay by Richard Schechner dedicated to a mythical figure of the theater of the late twentieth century; a work of critical reconstruction that has contributed decisively to consolidating the legacy of Grotowski, just a few months after his death. In addition to fixing some essential terms of the vocabulary, together with the contents and the periodization of the Grotowskian work (aspects that Grotowski in life were entrusted exclusively to oral transmission), the essay retraces the formation of Grotowski, the aspects linked to his character, the specific forms of his research and his transmission of knowledge, the exercise of leadership, the role of his collaborators, the sources, the mystical side, his relationship with the spirit of time, the importance (and weakness) of his opera, in the history of twentieth century theater.

Mourning Otherwise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athena Athanasiou
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
A Site ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter engages the discursive conditions that made ethno-nationalist ideologies and armed conflicts of the 1990s possible and probable. Indeed, the question of how to recall the late twentieth-century history of former Yugoslavia constitutes a central aspect of the Women in Black labour of memory. The dissolution of Yugoslavia, especially the normalization of nationalist military violence in the mid-1990s, has manifested gendered norms as constitutive of nationalist discourses. Drawing on the ways in which the movement performatively brings forth an alternative public to embody the potentiality of displaced memory, this chapter argues in favor of breaking through the universalist, moralist, and humanist scripts of mourning. It seeks to make sense of the politically enabling ways in which these activists stage mourning as a site of agonistic resignification in order to interrogate the injustices and foreclosures which sustain dominant regimes of grievability, in Judith Butler’s terms.

My Path

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Marion
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Academic System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
New Philosophers ◽  
French Intellectuals ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter explains Marion’s intellectual, cultural, and religious background and academic pathway. It provides an account of French intellectual life in the late twentieth century, including the student revolutions and the movement of the “New Philosophers.” It also discusses the contribution of several prominent French intellectuals. Marion outlines the history of the founding of the Catholic lay journal Communio and comments on the importance of several twentieth-century theologians. He also discusses the French academic system and its future.

Introduction

Mahjong ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Annelise Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The Introduction provides an orientation to the book and its key questions: What did it mean to become “modern” in the early twentieth century? How did American ethnicities take shape in the years leading up to and after World War II? How did middle-class women experience and shape their changing roles in society, before the social revolutions of the late twentieth century? How are these things related? The Introduction also covers an overview of mahjong’s trajectory in the United States. It examines background related to the history of leisure, gender, and consumerism in addition to introducing key sources and methodologies. The introduction sets up the book to tell the story of mahjong’s role in the creation of identifiably ethnic communities, women’s access to respectable leisure, and how Americans used ideas of China to understand themselves.

History and the Militarized Landscape

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-184
Author(s):  
David Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Discourse ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The environmental history of war, especially its impacts on landscape, encompasses a much broader scope than the conflicts and the historiography of the late twentieth century. Ideas on the social and environmental processes of conflict draw from a much longer, global discourse. This chapter uses the ancient-to-modern conflict landscape of central Vietnam to argue for a multi-layered, broader analysis of the environmental history of conflict.

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