scholarly journals Vegetation structure and biodiversity recovery in 19-year-old active restoration plantations in a Neotropical cloud forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3004
Author(s):  
Rosa-Amelia Pedraza ◽  
Guadalupe Williams-Linera ◽  
Teresa Nicolás-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Dispersal Mode ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Montane Cloud Forest ◽  
Active Restoration

Aim of the study: To evaluate how middle-aged active restoration plantations of native tree species contribute to the recovery of the tropical cloud forest in terms of vegetation structure, tree richness, species composition, and to shade-tolerance and seed dispersal mode functional groups.Area of the study: We studied two 19-year-old active restoration sites and their reference mature forests in the tropical montane cloud forest belt, Veracruz, Mexico.Materials and methods: The basal area, density and height as well as the tree species composition and number of species and individuals classified by shade tolerance (pioneer and non-pioneer trees), and seed dispersal mode (anemochorous, barochorous-synzoochorous and endozoochorous) were compared between active restoration plantations and reference forests.Main results: Planted trees and the woody vegetation growing under them represented a high proportion of reference forests’ basal area. Tree richness and Shannon’s equitability index were similar in both reference forests and one active restoration plantation and slightly different in the other. Tree species composition differed among sites; however, each 19-year-old plantation already had several non-pioneer species and a similar species proportion of the seed dispersal syndromes present in their reference forests.Research highlights: Active restoration accelerated the recovery of cloud forest in degraded pasture and bracken fern lands. Planted trees promoted the rapid development of vegetation structure and natural tree regeneration. Although species composition is still different, these middle-aged restoration plantations already have forest species and a proportion of functional groups of species similar to those of their own reference montane cloud forests.Keywords: active restoration; forest recovery; passive restoration; seed dispersal mode; succession; tree species; tropical montane cloud forest.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Natural Regeneration Status of Southeast Region of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Abir Dey ◽  
Aklima Akther
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Large Trees

The study aimed to quantify and discuss the current condition of the tree species composition and natural regeneration of southeast parts of Bangladesh (Cox’s Bazar North Forest Division). A total of 121 stems having dbh ≥10cm and 3481 stems of regenerating tree species (dbh <10cm) per hectare were recorded. A large trees comprised of 17 species belonging to 10 families and 14 genera and 30 regenerating tree species belonging to 19 families and 27 genera have been found. The forests were highly non-uniform, with three or four species represented most of the stands. The values of diversity indices indicated limited plant diversity, which is dominated by two or three tree species. Stems of 10-30 cm dbh contributed almost 90% of the total stem density, whereas more than 80% of the total basal area still belonged to trees with dbh 100 cm or above. Dipterocarpus turbinatus was the most dominant species which have the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) with 135.82 and embodied 37.71% of the total stand density and 72.19% of total basal area. The study will provide scientific basis for the future implementation of forest conservation strategies in tropical forests of Southeast Asia, particularly in Bangladesh. This study may also pave the way to further research on regeneration potentials of the native species for conservation and enhancement of forests in future.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Structure near Road Borders in the Laurel Forest of Anaga (Tenerife – Islas Canarias)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Zaira Negrín ◽  
José Ramón Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Laurel Forest ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Study Sites

Urbanization is one of the main causes of species extinction. Closely linked to urbanization are road systems, which are a source of biotic and abiotic effects on the surrounding landscape. The continued existence of these corridors results in enormous human activity (Forman & Alexander, 1998). In particular, roads sharply define and fragment forest ecosystems leading to changes in plant species composition and vegetation structure from road border to the surrounding interior. This paper assesses border effects on tree species richness and composition in the laurel forest of Anaga, Tenerife, Spain. Effects of anthropogenic corridors on vegetation differed among the study sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that species composition is more related to the sampling site than to the effect of the corridor, while for density, significant differences were found between the road border and forest interior but not as a regular pattern. This suggests that main corridor disturbances regarding tree basal area is limited to the immediate road edge in the laurel forest, while for species composition, no significant differences were found.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tree Species Composition for Sustainable Eco-Tourism Development of Maladumba Lake and Forest Reserve, Bauchi-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Umar ◽  
Lamido Auwalu ◽  
Ali Zakari ◽  
Ibrahim Fatima ◽  
Yahaya Umar Kubura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii ◽  
Mitragyna Inermis

Ecotourism refers to travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas, such as protected areas, with the aim of studying, admiring, and enjoying the scenery and the faunal and floral composition along with its existing cultural aspects. This paper evaluated Tree species composition of Maladumba Lake and Forest Reserve, Bauchi-Nigeria for sustainable eco-tourism development. Wandering quarter method of vegetation analysis was employed for the study where five sampling sites were studied to determine species richness, percentage frequency, basal area, relative density, relative dominance, importance value indices, mean distance between trees, mean area of trees and number of individual stem per hectare of tree species encountered. Results obtained indicated total of eighteen different Tree species in the protected area with Mitragyna inermis (126732.9 cm), Adansonia digitata (31714.9 cm), Balanites aegyptiaca (29727.3 cm), and Piliostigma thonningii (28697.7 cm) as species with the highest basal area. While Funtumia elastica presented the highest frequency of occurrence (80%) followed by Acacia nilotica, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Balanites aegyptiaca and Cassia singueeana with 60% each. Relative densities of Mitragyna inermis (18.1%) stood as the highest, followed by Funtumia elastica (16.6%) and Balanites aegyptiaca (12.5%). Relative dominance suggested Mitragyna inermis (18.1%) with the highest value seconded by Adansoni digitata (12.4%) and Balanites aegyptiaca (11.7%). Mitragyna inermis (49.8) had the highest IVI followed by Balanites aegyptiaca (24.4) then Piliostigma thonningii (11.7). Very low values of mean distance between trees (6.9 m), mean area occupied by individual trees (47.6 m), and density of trees per hectare (210) suggested sparsely populated vegetation cover in the protected area. It was concluded that Maladumba Lake and Forest Reserve is under serious deforestation. As an Ecotourism attraction, serious reforestation program was recommended to salvage the situation before the whole protected lose its value.

scholarly journals Diversity and Structure of an Arid Woodland in Southwest Angola, with Comparison to the Wider Miombo Ecoregion

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Godlee ◽  
Francisco Maiato Gonçalves ◽  
José João Tchamba ◽  
Antonio Valter Chisingui ◽  
Jonathan Ilunga Muledi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Miombo Ecoregion

Seasonally dry woodlands are the dominant land cover across southern Africa. They are biodiverse, structurally complex, and important for ecosystem service provision. Species composition and structure vary across the region producing a diverse array of woodland types. The woodlands of the Huíla plateau in southwest Angola represent the extreme southwestern extent of the miombo ecoregion and are markedly drier than other woodlands within this ecoregion. They remain understudied, however, compared to woodlands further east in the miombo ecoregion. We aimed to elucidate further the tree diversity found within southwestern Angolan woodlands by conducting a plot-based study in Bicuar National Park, comparing tree species composition and woodland structure with similar plots in Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. We found Bicuar National Park had comparatively low tree species diversity, but contained 27 tree species not found in other plots. Plots in Bicuar had low basal area, excepting plots dominated by Baikiaea plurijuga. In a comparison of plots in intact vegetation with areas previously disturbed by shifting-cultivation agriculture, we found species diversity was marginally higher in disturbed plots. Bicuar National Park remains an important woodland refuge in Angola, with an uncommon mosaic of woodland types within a small area. While we highlight wide variation in species composition and woodland structure across the miombo ecoregion, plot-based studies with more dense sampling across the ecoregion are clearly needed to more broadly understand regional variation in vegetation diversity, composition and structure.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Diversity in Oban Forest Reserve, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Igbinosa Aigbe ◽  
Godwin Ejakhe Omokhua
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Tree Species Composition

Tree species composition and diversity were assessed in Oban Forest Reserve. Three stage sampling procedure was used to collect data on tree parameters – diameter at breast height (dbh); diameters over bark at the base, middle and top; merchantable height and total height using a minimum dbh limit of ≥10 cm in the tertiary sample plots. A total of 808 trees were measured and 72 species identified in the study area. Stand level parameters were estimated and tree diversity assessed. Results indicate that an average number of stems encountered per hectare were 306. Population densities of individual tree species ranged from 1 to 22 ha-1. Population densities of species were poor. The basal area/ha estimated is 34.67m2 and the species richness index obtained was 10.605, which indicate high species richness. The value of Shannon’s Index (HI) is 3.795 which is quite high.The results show that the forest reserve is a well-stocked tropical rainforest in Nigeria. The relative richness of the forest reserve in terms of individual tree species does not correlate well with the abundance because the abundance of each of the species was quite low and density poor. While there is paucity of most species, Staudtia stipitata was the most abundant (22 tree/ha). The forest has reverted back to the turbulent agrading stage of the forest growth cycle. 

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Distribution Pattern in a Myristica Swamp of Northern Kerala, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
K. A Sreejith ◽  
U. M Chandrashekara ◽  
T. K Nirmesh ◽  
V. B Sreekumar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Species Specific

Knema Phytosociological studies have been carried out in a Myristica swamp in Northern Kerala to reveal the composition and distribution pattern of different tree species. On the basis of IVI, the family Myristicaceae was dominant and the association is attenuata - Myristica malabarica -Holigarna arnottiana type. The species like Gymnacranthera canarica and Myristica fatua var. magnifica, which are believed to be the essential elements of Myristica swamps, are totally absent here. A total 403 individuals (gbh > 10.1 cm) were recorded with a basal area of 34.25 m2 ha-1 in 0.5 ha. area. Total number of species recorded was 28, which represent 21families in which Myristicaceae represents 48.18% of total IVI. Among two dominant species, Myristica malabarica prefer swampy area hence their number of individual shows decreasing trend when we move from the swamp while the second dominant species Knema attenuata showing a reverse trend and was completely absent in the first five quadrats where soil water content is too high. Species specific eco-physiological studies are required to understand the reasons for change in the distribution pattern of these dominant species.

scholarly journals The Riparian Tree Species Composition and Diversity of the Midstream of Halda River in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md. Humayain Kabir ◽  
Hillol Barua
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Area And Volume

Riparian vegetation has been depleting in the many river basins of Bangladesh. Consequently, this study assessed the tree species composition, structure and diversity of the midstream area of the Halda River in Bangladesh. Twenty two quadrats (20 × 20m in size) were sampled. A total of 414 individual tree stems of ≥10 cm DBH of 36 tree species belonging to 31 genera and 15 families were enumerated. Density, Basal area and volume of the tree species were measured. Different diversity indices, i.e. Shannon-Wienners Diversity Index, Simpson's Dominance Index, Pielou’s Species Evenness Index, Margalef's and Menhinick’s richness index were calculated. Fabaceae was the most represented family with nine species, followed by Moraceae, Meliaceae and Anacardiaceae. Density, basal area and volume of the trees were 470.45 stem/ha, 19.09m²/ha and 139.42m³/ha, respectively. Samanea saman was found to be dominant, showing a maximum IVI, followed by v, Mangifer aindica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artocarpus heterophyllus. The findings of the study will be helpful for the posterior researchers in their research work and their future tree based planning programs and conservation. So it is recommended that greater emphasis should be taken to proper management and conservation against over extraction and illegal felling for the maintenance of existing tree species composition and density.

The relationship of tropical bird communities to tree species composition and vegetation structure along an Andean elevational gradient

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill E. Jankowski ◽  
Christopher L. Merkord ◽  
William Farfan Rios ◽  
Karina García Cabrera ◽  
Norma Salinas Revilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Bird ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Silicon cycled by tropical forest trees: effects of species, elevation and bedrock on Mount Kinabalu, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Nakamura ◽  
Hidehiro Ishizawa ◽  
Rota Wagai ◽  
Shizuo Suzuki ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Plant species differ in degrees of silicon (Si) uptake and accumulation, and may differentially influence biogeochemical cycles of Si, possibly in interaction with other environmental factors. Here, we report how patterns of Si cycling by vegetation differ with species composition, elevation and bedrock types for species-rich tropical forests on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. We used eight forest monitoring plots established in 1995 at four altitudes (700, 1700, 2700 and 3100 m above sea level) on two geological substrates (Si-rich acidic sedimentary and less Si-rich ultrabasic igneous rock), where tree species composition, abundance, biomass and litterfall had been monitored. For live leaves of 71 dominant tree species (total relative basal area > 60 % in each plot) and leaf litter collected in traps, Si concentration was determined after alkaline extraction. Si availability in the upper 10 cm of mineral soil was determined as Si dissolved to water after shaking overnight. Tree species with high leaf Si concentrations occurred mostly in the lowest elevation plots. The community-mean Si concentration in live leaves, as well as Si concentration in leaf litter, decreased with increasing elevation. The estimated annual flux of leaf litter mass and Si also decreased with increasing elevation. Leaf and litter Si concentrations showed no difference between the two bedrock types without interaction with elevation. Due to large turnovers of species composition with elevation and bedrock types, most species occurred only in one plot. For 11 species that occurred at two or three plots, only one species showed a weakly significant difference in leaf Si concentration between bedrock types. Surface soil Si availability was greater at lower elevation plots and differed with bedrock types only at 1700 m. This pattern was consistent with a hypothesis that Si input via litter in the form of plant opal, rather than bedrock types, should influence the soluble Si in the upper soil horizons. These results suggest that Si cycling by vegetation is more active in lower elevation forests regardless of bedrock types, most likely because Si accumulating species are more abundant in lowland tropical forests.

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