scholarly journals Evaluation of physical and chemical soil properties under different management types in the south-western Colombian Andes

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. e005
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Molina-Cuaichar ◽  
Angélica S. Moreno-Muñoz ◽  
Ivan F. Benavides-Martinez ◽  
Jorge F. Navia-Estrada ◽  
Jairo H. Mosquera-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aim of study: Evaluating the variability of physical and chemical soil properties under different soil uses in an experimental farmland of the southwestern Colombian Andes.Area of study: This research was conducted at the Botana Experimental Farm in the mountainous area of Nariño, at the south-western Colombia.Material and methods: nine soil variables were measured under six soil uses which included traditional agriculture, agroforestry systems, and a 67-year-old secondary forest that was used as a reference for comparisons with other soil uses. Data was analyzed through Principal Component Analysis and Duncan’s tests.Main results: organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, clay contents and base saturation were the variables with higher variability among soil uses. The secondary forest and an agroforestry system with alley-cropped wax laurel showed the best soil conditions, whilst pastures and monoculture potato crop plots showed the least desirable conditions for all variables.Research highlights: We found that soils under alley-crop with wax laurel presented the characteristics most similar to the secondary forest. Conversely, soils under alley-crop with alder resembled the soils under intensive management (pasture and potato monocrop); which is related to the inadequate management of this agroforestry systems, provoking that the woody component does not accomplish its goal when implemented.Keywords: soil; agroforestry systems; Andes; forest.Abbreviations used: ACAL, Alley cropping of Alder Trees, ACWL; Alley cropping of Wax Laurel; AFS, agroforestry systems; AWC, available water capacity; BD, Bulk Density; BS, Base saturation; CEC, Cation Exchange Capacity; CLA, Clay; CI, Confidence Intervals, INF, Infiltration; ANOVA, Analysis of Variance; OC, Soil Organic Carbon;  PAST, Pasture; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; PC, Principal Component; POCR, Potato Crop; POR, Soil Porosity; SCAL, Scattered Alder Trees; SEFO, Secondary Forest; SU, soil uses; AU, Animal unit.

Polluted aquifers: identification and characterisation by statistical analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Boemo ◽  
Haydée Musso ◽  
Irene Lomniczi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis applied to chemical components and physicochemical properties of well water proved to be a useful tool for identification and characterisation of aquifers. Underground water of Lerma Valley (Salta, Argentina) was examined for its physical and chemical properties by sampling 46 wells located in two adjacent areas separated by hills, one of them polluted with boron since 1991. Hierarchical clustering splits sampled sites into two main clusters, corresponding to the two areas, establishing the fact that the aquifers should be considered as two different entities in spite of their common recharge area. Values of boron concentration in the eastern area decreased in most of the wells since the pollution sources were eradicated, while four of them experienced a substantial increase, proof of the slow self-recovery of the aquifer. The use of principal component analysis provided evidence of the incipient boron pollution of the aquifer of the western area.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MINERAL NUTRIENTS IN GREY AND NON-GREY FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEVILLE ARNOLD ◽  
CALVIN CHONG ◽  
MICHAEL BINNS
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

The macro- and micro-elemental composition of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotianum tabacum L. ’Delhi 76’) was compared in leaf and soil samples associated with non-grey (normal) plants and plants affected with the grey-tobacco disorder. Samples were collected from 15 different locations in Quebec. Chemical analyses (mean of 15 locations) indicated significantly less N, P, K, Ca, and B but more Fe and Al in grey tobacco leaves. Soils producing grey tobacco had significantly less N, Ca, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity but more Cl. The brown spotting and bronze cast symptoms on the leaves of Quebec grey tobacco plants seemed to resemble most closely symptoms of Fe toxicity. Principal component analyses showed that the mineral nutrient profiles of grey and non-grey tobacco leaf samples were clearly distinguishable, but corresponding profiles for soil samples were not.

scholarly journals Characterization and classification of soils of Northern hills Zone of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
P.N. Tripathi ◽  
U.S. Mishra ◽  
Pawan Sirothia ◽  
R.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Three representative soil pedonsof northern hills of Chhattisgarh, M.P were morphologically studied, characterized and classified. The soils are very deep, colour ranges from brown (10YR5/3) to dark brown (10YR3/3) and very dark greyish brown (10YR3/2) in different horizons. Fe and calcretes are observed in sub surface horizons. The texture in surface soils varied from clay loam to clay while in pedon 2, the texture was observed sandy clay loam throughout the profile. The soils are calcareous and pH ranged from 7.0 to 7.5. The organic carbon content in these soils were (4.4 g kg-1), low to medium (6.1 g kg-1) in surface and decreased with depth. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) were found high in horizons where clay content was more. Based on morphological, physical and chemical properties P1 and P3 were classified as VerticHaplustalfs and pedon (P2) was placed under Typic Haplustepts.

scholarly journals Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (C. capitata) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: impact of soil factors on their distribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub HALLOUTI ◽  
Mohamed AIT HAMZA ◽  
Abdelaziz ZAHIDI ◽  
Rachid AIT HAMMOU ◽  
Rachid BOUHARROUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Background: Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (C. capitata) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results: A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated strong influence of origin, physical and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA) the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions: These results provide guidance on identifying suitable soils for effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.

scholarly journals Chemical, Mineralogical, and Rheological Characterization of Regional Clays for Potential Use in Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cochiran Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Adriana de Jesus Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use

Four clay samples from different deposits in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, were fractionated by dispersion and centrifugation for comparative tests with a standard commercial clay used for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes. For this, they were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, measurements of cation exchange capacity, oil absorption and viscosity, in addition to particle sizes and plasticity indexes. The objective was to determine the physical and chemical properties of raw clays and the consequent granulometric fractions to evaluate their potential use in products with high added value. After fractionation, the samples showed significant amounts of smectite and kaolinite, which combined with the size, particle distribution, chemical composition, and high adsorption capacity, especially in the PDL and PV samples, make them potentially interesting for applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, they can also be used in spas and esthetic centers for therapeutic purposes based on their softness and cation exchange capacity.

Spatial Variability in Soil Chemical Properties under Dactyladenia barteri, Alchornea cordifolia, Senna siamea and Gmelina arborea Hedgerows on an Acid Ultisol

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Ruhigwa ◽  
M. P. Gichuru ◽  
N. M. Tariah ◽  
N. O. Isirimah ◽  
D. C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Senna Siamea ◽  
Dactyladenia Barteri ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Hedgerow Species

SUMMARYSpatial nutrient distribution was studied under a three-and-a-half-year-old fallow of Dactyladenia barteri, Alchornea cordifolia, Senna siamea and Gmelina arborea hedgerows grown on an acid Ultisol in southeastern Nigeria. The objectives were to evaluate the nutrient cycling capacity and suitability of the hedgerow species for alley cropping. No consistent patterns were observed in the lateral distribution of soil pH, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, exchangeable cations (potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium), total acidity and effective cation exchange capacity in the 4 m wide alleys formed between the hedgerow species. Senna siamea and Gmelina arborea tended to increase soil organic carbon, calcium, magnesium and effective cation exchange capacity, particularly in the top 50 cm, compared with Alchornea cordifolia and Dactyladenia barteri, and can therefore be recommended for soil fertility regeneration on acid Ultisols during periods of fallow. However, they appear to be less suitable for alley cropping than Dactyladenia barteri because they are shallow rooting.Propiedades químicas delo suelo bajo cuatro especies de seto vivo

scholarly journals Effects of land use changes on the dynamics of selected soil properties in northeast Wellega, Ethiopia

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Adugna ◽  
Assefa Abegaz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Land use change can have negative or positive effects on soil quality. Our objective was to assess the effects of land uses changes on the dynamics of selected soil physical and chemical properties. Soil samples were collected from three adjacent soil plots under different land uses, namely forestland, grazing land, and cultivated land at 0–15 cm depth. Changes in soil properties on cultivated and grazing land were computed and compared to forestland, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to test the significance of the changes. Sand and silt proportions, soil organic content, total nitrogen content, acidity, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca2+ content were higher in forestlands. Exchangeable Mg2+ was highest in grazing land, while clay, available phosphorous, and exchangeable K+ were highest in cultivated land. The percentage changes in sand, clay, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ were higher in cultivated land than in grazing land and forestland. In terms of the relation between soil properties, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable Ca2+ were strongly positively correlated with most of soil properties, while available phosphorous and silt have no significant relationship with any of the other considered soil properties. Clay has a negative correlation with all soil properties. Generally, cultivated land has the least concentration of soil physical and chemical properties except clay and available phosphorous, which suggests an increasing degradation rate in soils of cultivated land. So as to increase soil organic matter and other nutrients in the soil of cultivated land, the integrated implementation of land management through compost, cover crops, manures, minimum tillage, crop rotation, and liming to decrease soil acidity are suggested.

scholarly journals Chemical characters of disease suppressive and conducive soil of Moler on shallot in Brebes Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
S H Poromarto ◽  
Supyani ◽  
Supriyadi ◽  
Hadiwiyono
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Conducive Soil

Abstract In the latest years, a disease epidemy of Moler caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae have just occurred in Brebes Central Java. The disease intensity, however, varies between the shallot production lands. Some lands show suppressive with disease intensity lower than 5%, and others are conducive to disease intensity over 50%. It is interesting that in Brebes occur suppressive and conducive soil to moler disease. The suppressiveness may be determined by environmental conditions, including chemical soil characters. This paper reports the chemical character of suppressive and conducive soil to moler disease in Brebes. The evidence shows that the suppressive soil is more fertile than that conducive one. The suppressive soil is chemically characterized by significantly higher organic mineral, C-organic, P-available, K-exchangeable, and Cation Exchange Capacity than that conducive one.

scholarly journals Fallow periods on a secondary forest with Platonia insignis Mart. in western Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1688-1694
Author(s):  
Larissa de Paula Viana da Silva ◽  
José Ribamar Gusmão Araujo ◽  
Ariadne Enes Rocha ◽  
Raudielle Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Wyayran Fernando Sousa Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Changes in the structure of the vegetation reflect on the biodiversity and dynamics of the ecosystem. The objective of the study was to characterize and compare the structure of fragments of vegetation with the occurrence of Platonia insiginis, in different stages of regeneration, with 6, 10, 25 and 100 years of fallow period in western Brazilian Amazon. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four treatments, consisting of 6, 10, 25 and 100 years of fallow period, and five replications, consisting of demarcated temporary plots for each fallow period, with dimensions of 2 m x 2 m for the regenerating stratum of vegetation and 10 m x 10 m for the adult stratum of vegetation. Phytosociological parameters evaluated were number of individuals and species, total density, total height, stem diameter and Shannon DiversityIndex (H’), Pielou Equability (J) and Jaccard Similarity Index (JSI). The data were subjected to the Analysis of Variance, followed by the Tukey Test (p <0.05) and Principal Component Analysis. There was low species diversity for the sampled areas, with (H’) rates ranging from 0.65 to 2.46 nats ind-1. The vegetation fragments with 100 years of fallow period showed a floristic similarity of 10% with the others, while those of 6 and 10 years of fallow period, reached similarity of 40%. For the regenerating strata only, the number of individuals and total density differed, with the lowest averages, respectively, of 5 and 1,400 individuals ha-1 at 100 years of fallow period. For the adult strata, there was a difference between all parameters corroborating the results obtained in the Principal Component Analysis, at 100 years of fallow period, a lower average was obtained for the number of individuals (7), and higher averages of plant height (22.1 m) and diameter at breast height (36.45 cm). As conclusion, the time required for the complete natural regeneration of secondary vegetation fragments in the Brazilian Amazon is over 100 years

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MANURE, GREEN MANURE AND THE STOVER BIODESTRUCTOR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Сафонов ◽  
Е.Н. Кузин ◽  
А.Н. Арефьев ◽  
Е.Е. Кузина
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Compound Action ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

Интенсификация земледелия в лесостепной зоне Среднего Поволжья требует решения проблемы сохранения почвенного покрова и его потенциального и эффективного плодородия с целью повышения урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур и качества растениеводческой продукции. В связи с этим разработка и внедрение в земледельческую практику агробиологических приемов предотвращения антропогенной деградации в агроландшафтах является актуальным направлением современной аграрной науки. Цель исследований заключалась в сравнительной оценке влияния навоза, сидератов и их сочетаний с биодеструктором стерни на физико-химические свойства лугово-черноземной почвы. Для достижения поставленной цели были проведены исследования в период с 2017 по 2019 гг. в первом агропочвенном районе Пензенской области. Исследованиями установлено, что действие и последействие навоза, сидератов и их комплексное действие и последействие с биодеструктором стерни оказало положительное влияние на физико-химические свойства лугово-черноземной почвы. Сидеральные пары по эффективности влияния на емкость катионного обмена, сумму обменных оснований, величину обменной и гидролитической кислотности не уступали унавоженным парам. Более существенное влияние на изменение физико-химических свойств почвы оказало комплексное действие и последействие навоза, редьки масличной и бобовых сидератов с биодеструктором стерни. Емкость катионного обмена на их фоне увеличилась на 1,40-1,51 мг-экв./100 г почвы, сумма обменных оснований на 1,6-1,7 мг-экв./100 г почвы, величина рНсолна 0,22-0,24 ед., величина гидролитической кислотности снизилась на 0,17-0,19 мг-экв./100 г почвы. Intensification of agriculture in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region requires solving the problem of preserving the soil and its potential and effective fertility in order to increase crop productivity and quality of crop production. In this regard, the development and implementation in agricultural practice of agrobiological techniques to prevent anthropogenic degradation in agricultural landscapes is an urgent direction of modern agricultural science. The purpose of the research was to compare the effect of the implementation of manure, green manure and their combinations with the stover biodestructor on the physical and chemical properties of meadow-chernozemic soil. To reach this purpose, research was conducted in the period from 2017 to 2019 in the first agro-soil district of the Penza region. Research has shown that the effect and after-effect of manure, green manure and their compound action and after-action with the stover biodestructor had a positive effect on the physical and chemical properties of meadow-chernozemic soil. Green manure fallows were not inferior to manured fallows in terms of their effect on the cation-exchange capacity, the sum of exchange bases, and the amount of exchange and hydrolytic acidity. A compound action and after-action of manure, the oil radish and green manure of legumes with the stover biodestructor had a more significant influence on the change in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In their background, the cation-exchange capacity increased by 1.40-1.51 mg equivalent/100 g of soil, the sum of exchange bases by 1.6-1.7 mg equivalent/100 g of soil, the value of рНКСl 0.22-0.24 units, the value of hydrolytic acidity decreased by 0.17-0.19 mg equivalent/100 g of soil.

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