scholarly journals A Review on Asymbiotic Seed Germination in Orchids through Plant Tissue Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Paramanik ◽  
◽  
Dipak Kar ◽  
Subrata Raha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association ◽  
Commercially Important

Orchid seeds are very small, dust like in appearance, fusiform in shape, lacking endosperm and have undifferentiated embryo covered by transparent seed coat. Mycorrhizal association is required for seed germination of naturally growing orchids. In this symbiotic association, orchid species are dependent on mycorrhizal association for supply of mineral nutrients. In in-vitro condition, such demand of minerals may be compensated by external supply of sugar and mineral nutrients that are required for seed germination of orchid. Several orchids are responded by this asymbiotic seed culture and have commercial importance. Therefore, formulation of efficient in-vitro protocol is important for commercially important orchid species as well as endangered orchid species for conservation. This review paper is focused on various aspects of asymbiotic seed germination of orchids and the role of organic additives in successful seed germination.

scholarly journals Establishment of an EfficientIn VitroRegeneration Protocol for Rapid and Mass Propagation ofDendrobium chrysotoxumLindl. Using Seed Culture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potshangbam Nongdam ◽  
Leimapokpam Tikendra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Seed Culture ◽  
Leaf Formation

An efficientin vitroregeneration protocol from seed culture has been established successfully forDendrobium chrysotoxum, an epiphytic orchid having tremendous ornamental and medicinal values. Seed germination response was encouraging in Mitra (M) medium enriched with different combinations of auxins and cytokinins. Medium supplemented with 0.4% activated charcoal (AC), 2 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), and 2 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced best seed germination percentage in 2 weeks of culture. Incorporation of higher concentration of kinetin (KN) or BAP in combination with low auxin in medium induced pronounced shooting and leaf formation. Reduction in leaf development was evident when cytokinins exist singly in medium indicating synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin in leaf induction. Presence of elevated level of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with low cytokinin content in medium generated morein vitrorooting, though IBA was found to be more effective in rooting induction as compared to NAA. Thein vitroprotocol for asymbiotic seed germination developed from the present investigation can be used for rapid mass propagation of this highly importantDendrobiumorchid species.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro propagation of Cattleya trianae Linden & Reichb.f. (Orchidaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado ◽  
Nelson Alfonso Vega Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination

Cattleya trianae (Linden & Reichb.f., 1860), Colombian national flower, is in danger of extinction due to the destruction of its natural habitats and excessive collection for horticultural purposes. Therefore, in vitro culture is a tool for the conservation of threatened species. In this study we determined the most suitable culture medium for asimbytic seed germination and in vitro propagation of C. trianae. Initially, mature capsules were collected, the seeds were subsequently disinfected and seeded with the syringe method (Vendrame et al., 2007), to evaluate the effect of five media on the development of C. trianae after 20 weeks. The seedlings were transplanted and acclimated using different substrates. The best percentage (54.2%) of seedling formation after 20 weeks was found in MS + JP medium with significant differences (P <0.05: Tukey HSD). In this research, it is reported that the addition of organic additives to the MS medium improves the efficacy of this, and therefore, allows a greater growth and development of C. trianae under in vitro conditions.

scholarly journals Organic Additives Improves the in Vitro Growth of Native Orchid Vanda helvola Blume

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Devina DAVID ◽  
Roslina JAWAN ◽  
Hartinie MARBAWI ◽  
Jualang Azlan GANSAU
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Orchid Conservation ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Basal Media

In vitro seed germination has been proven to be the most efficient technique to propagate orchid. The application of this aseptic technique has contributed to conservation of many endangered orchid species. In this study, undehisced capsules of Vanda helvola Blume were collected from Orchid Conservation Centre in Lagud Sebrang Agriculture Park, after 120 days from hand pollination and aseptically cultured on three types of basal media such as Murashige and Skoog (MS), Knudson C (KC) and Vacin and Went (VW). After 90 days of culture, 66.40 ± 4.14% of seeds successfully germinated on KC medium. The effect of organic additives such as tomato juice, coconut water, peptone and yeast extract at different level of concentrations in KC basal medium were also tested on seed germination and seedling development of this native orchid. After 90 days of culture, over 90% of seeds were tremendously germinated on KC medium supplemented with 10% or 15% (v/v) of tomato juice. The incorporation of peptone at 0.1% (w/v) in KC basal media promoted rapid development of protocorm to seedling. Seedlings on this treatment produced an average of three leaves and two roots after 90 days of culture and were successfully acclimatized.

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation of Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Reichb. F, a Medicinally Important Threatened Orchid

2022 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Saranjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Medicinal Orchid

The present study was planned to enable in vitro conservation of Vanda testacea, a highly medicinal orchid species through in vitro asymbiotic seed germination technique in Mitra orchid medium supplemented with cytokinins (Kn - 4.65 μM, BAP - 4.44 μM), and auxin (NAA- 5.37 μM). The germination frequency and initiation of germination was higher in NAA augmented medium and seedlings developed in 12.50 ± 0.50 weeks. Coconut water (20%) proved optimum for the multiplication of protocorm like bodies. Activated charcoal successfully checked the release of brownish exudates in the cultures. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 31(2): 153-160, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Germination and Protocorm Formation of Ophrys Sphegodes Mill. – In Vitro Protocol for a Rare Orchid Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Jovana Dulić ◽  
Mirjana Ljubojević ◽  
Ines Prlainović ◽  
Goran Barać ◽  
Tijana Narandžić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Protocorm Formation

Summary Ophrys sphegodes Mill. is a wild orchid species which is threatened and protected due to its pollination biology, small seed and habitat destruction. The aim of this study was to establish asymbiotic germination protocol for the purpose of ex situ conservation. Two basal media Knudson C (KC) and Malmgren (MM), supplemented with organic additives (peptone (PE), L-glutamin (A)e, folic acid, casein hydrolysate (CA)) added separately and control media KC--C and MM--C were used in the present research. All the nutrition media contained 2% sucrose, 7% agar and 1% activated carbon, while their pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.02 before autoclaving at 121 ° C for 20 minutes. The seeds were examined under two illumination conditions, 0/24 light/dark (L/D) and 16/8 L/D. The presented results indicate a huge influence of illumination and nutrition media on the seed germination and protocorm formation. The seed germination was overall significantly more successful in dark conditions (0/24 L/D) than with lighting (16/8 L/D). Protocorm, rhizoids and shoot formation were achieved only on the seeds cultured on MM medium, while the KC medium caused only swelling of the embryo. Organic additives had positive influence on the germination rate. According to the obtained results, the best germination rate and seedling development were achieved on MM-PE media, cultured in dark. The presented procedure accelerates the germination period and can provide a large number of plants in a relatively short period of time so it can be used for conservation programs and mass production protocol.

scholarly journals Role of Organic Growth Supplement In vitro Multiplication of Orchid Species- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
Sohana Momtaj ◽  
. Sushma ◽  
Saranjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
In Vitro Multiplication ◽  
Organic Growth ◽  
Growth Supplement ◽  
Growth Production

The main purpose of this article is to review role of several organic growth additives such Apple juice, coconut water (CW), maize extract, banana homogenate (BH), peptone and protocorms etc which stimulate the multiplication rate of various orchid species in in vitro multiplication. These organic growth supplements help to increase the number of shoots, root and leaf in culture medium. In many orchid tissue culture, organic growth supplements, which are the most essential medium aspect to stimulate tissue growth, production and facilitate the regeneration of shoot. The banana homogenate (BH) had the highest rate of regeneration and root developments. The use of organic growth supplements resulted in increased regeneration, the creation of more shoots and the development of fresh plantlets. Amino acids, proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates and various types of organic compounds are present in these growth supplements. These components have the potential to play a significant role in the development and creation of culture. Now more research is needed to figure out which factors are responsible for the organic additives’ promoter effect.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Seed Germination and Effect of Growth Regulators on Subsequent Development of Protocorms of Eulophia Nuda Lindl

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Dawande ◽  
Rajaram Gurav
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Orchid ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

Asymbiotic seed germination of Eulophia nuda Lindl. was observed on Knudson C medium. About 90% seeds germinated within 8-10 weeks and formed green protocorms in 11-12 weeks. Effect of BA and IBA was studied on plantlet development from protocorms. BA shows the best results with respect to number and length of shoots. Maximum number (6.45±1.36) and length (3.90±0.99) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 4.44μM.BA. Maximum root growth was also observed on same medium (4.8±0.99 number of roots and 1.43±0.13cm length). The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to earthen pots. The results presented here show that in vitro seed germination and plantlet development in Eulophia nuda Lindl., an endangered orchid, can be achieved at a higher rate by this method.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 243-247 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12476   

scholarly journals Improvement of asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development ofCypripedium macranthosSw. with organic additives

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Sun Huh ◽  
Joung Kwan Lee ◽  
Sang Young Nam ◽  
Kee Yoeup Paek ◽  
Gang Uk Suh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination

scholarly journals In vitro seed germination and seedling development of Phaius tancarvilleae (L’Her.) Blume.

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya Pant ◽  
Sumitra Shrestha ◽  
Shreeti Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Asymbiotic Seed Germination ◽  
Protocorm Formation

In vitro seed germination and seedling development of Phaius tancarvilleae (L’Her.) Blume. was carried out on 0.8%(w/v) agar solidified MS Medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) without hormones or supplemented with different concentration and combination of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP was the most ideal condition for early seed germination, protocorm formation and development of seedlings. Germination started after 7 weeks of culture and complete seedlings were obtained after 24 weeks of culture. This protocol might be helpful for mass propagation of orchids by asymbiotic seed germination. Keywords: Orchid; Invitro; Protocorm; Media DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5518 SW 2011; 9(9): 50-52

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