scholarly journals Effective Ways of Enhancing the Quality of Question Generating and Spontaneous Information Search Outside the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Keita Shinogaya
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Searching Behaviour ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Do So

This study examined how to enhance the quality of students’ question generating and to encourage their spontaneous information searches after classroom instruction in university. The teacher assigned One Minute Paper as homework, and students answered three questions; “Q1: What was the most important thing that you learned today?”, “Q2: What important question remains unanswered?”, and “Q3: What information did you search for after the classroom instruction?”. While it was necessary to answer Q1 and Q2 for submission, answering Q3 was not necessary and they could answer it if they wished to do so. The teacher, however, realized that some students were not generating questions actively and the quality of their questions were not adequately improved. After 7 weeks, he changed his intervention and gave feedback on some students’ questions to enhance their question quantity and quality. The latent growth curve modelling showed that question quality, spontaneous searching behaviour, and the link between question generation and conducting searches increased after the intervention change. The result also showed that post-intervention change slopes were larger for the feedback group than the class without feedback. The results indicate that besides assigning homework tasks, it is also important to connect learning outside along with inside the classroom to enhance question quality and encourage spontaneous information search.

scholarly journals Explaining Differences in Welfare Chauvinism Between and Within Individuals Over Time: The Role of Subjective and Objective Economic Risk, Economic Egalitarianism, and Ethnic Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathijs Kros ◽  
Marcel Coenders
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Cultural Explanation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A considerable portion of European citizens are in favour of limited or conditional access for migrants to welfare provisions. Previous studies found that this welfare chauvinism is stronger among citizens with less favourable economic positions. This study seeks to explain the relationship between economic risk, both objective and subjective, and welfare chauvinism by looking at two distinct mechanisms: the traditional economic explanation of economic egalitarianism and the cultural explanation of ethnic threat. Given the lack of longitudinal studies, we also examine whether changes in economic risk, economic egalitarianism and threat can explain changes in welfare chauvinism over time. Using a four-wave panel-study (2013–2015) collected in Great Britain and the Netherlands, these relationships were studied both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The longitudinal mediation model was tested by making use of parallel process latent growth curve modelling. In both Great Britain and the Netherlands, economic egalitarianism and ethnic threat explained the link between economic risk and welfare chauvinism. Furthermore, in both countries, an increase over time in perceptions of ethnic threat was found to be the driving force behind an increase in welfare chauvinism, irrespective of changes in economic egalitarianism.

scholarly journals Social support and life satisfaction among entrepreneurs: a latent growth curve modelling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiya Mukhtar Alshibani ◽  
Thierry Volery
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Latent Growth Curve ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Over Time

PurposeSocial support has been identified as a valuable resource that could help entrepreneurs maintain goal directness in their endeavours and increase their life satisfaction. However, to date, scant research has examined the effect of perceived social support on life satisfaction during the transition from paid employment to self-employment. This paper uses the job demand resource model (JD–R) as a theoretical lens to investigate this relationship.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the household income and labour dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we use latent growth curve modelling (LGCM) to investigate the trajectories of entrepreneurs' perceived social support and life satisfaction (n = 1,303) up to five years after their transition into self-employment.FindingsResults suggest that entrepreneurs experience a boost in life satisfaction in the transition phase, followed by a declining trend in the years that follow. We find that both the initial perception and the evolution of perceived social support are positively related to life satisfaction over time across gender groups. However, we find that females may benefit more from early social support soon after the transition into self-employment to forestall declines in life satisfaction over the long-term.Research limitations/implicationsThe generalisability of the research findings beyond the Australian context is undefined. Future research needs to examine to what extent these results can generalize to other samples within different cultural and institutional frameworks.Practical implicationsSince perceived social support is a strong buffering mechanism that helps mitigate job demands, entrepreneurs need to be proactive in building a strong network. Individuals who switch to self-employment should carefully map and build a strong social network that can help them weather the challenges and setbacks in their new job.Originality/valueThis study extends the JD–R literature by examining the transition into self-employment, considered an “active job” characterised by high demands and high decision latitude. LGCM modelling captures how both initial levels and changes in social support affect life satisfaction during entrepreneurship entry and over time.

Coping with Unemployment: The Impact of Unemployment Duration and Personality on Trajectories of Life Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
Jule Specht ◽  
Juliana Gottschling ◽  
Frank M. Spinath
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Unemployment Duration ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
The Impact

Unemployment is a major life event that causes an enormous drop in people's life satisfaction. However, there is substantial variability in people's ability (or inability) to cope with the experience of unemployment. In the present study, we examined the causes of individual differences in trajectories of life satisfaction when people were faced with unemployment by taking into account the persistence of unemployment, pre–event personality and age. Analyses were based on data from the German Socio–Economic Panel. Using latent growth curve modelling, life satisfaction was investigated from 3 years before to 3 years after a person became unemployed in a total sample of 908 individuals. As expected, unemployment caused a substantial drop in life satisfaction that persisted for at least 3 years after the event. On average, individuals did not completely return to their previous satisfaction level. This pattern existed even for participants who re–entered the labour market. Moreover, our results showed that variability in coping with unemployment can be explained in part by personality traits. For people with short periods of unemployment, Conscientiousness reinforced the negative effect of unemployment, whereas Extraversion softened the effect. In sum, our analyses showed that (a) the negative effect of unemployment on life satisfaction differs according to the length of the unemployment period and (b) personality partially moderates responses to unemployment over time. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Preprint and additional materials for: Positivity in peer perceptions over time: Personality explains variation at zero-acquaintance, popularity explains differential change.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rau ◽  
Erika Carlson ◽  
Michael Dufner ◽  
Katharina Geukes ◽  
Livia Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Latent Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Growth Curve Modelling ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
Zero Acquaintance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Perceiver Effects

People have characteristic ways of perceiving others’ personalities. When judging others on several traits, some perceivers tend to form globally positive and others tend to form globally negative impressions. These differences, often termed perceiver effects, have mostly been conceptualized as a static construct that taps perceivers’ personal stereotypes about the average other. Here, we assessed perceiver effects repeatedly in small groups of strangers who got to know each other over the course of 2 to 3 weeks and examined the degree to which positivity differences were stable vs. developed systematically over time. Using second order latent growth curve modelling, we tested whether initial positivity (i.e., random intercepts) could be explained by several personality variables and whether change (i.e., random slopes) could be explained by these personality variables and by perceivers’ social experiences within the group. Across three studies (ns = 439, 257, and 311), personality variables characterized by specific beliefs about others, such as agreeableness and narcissistic rivalry, were found to explain initial positivity but personality was not reliably linked to changes in positivity over time. Instead, feeling liked and, to a lesser extent, being liked by one’s peers, partially explained changes in positivity. The results suggest that perceiver effects are best conceptualized as reflecting personal generalized stereotypes at an initial encounter but group-specific stereotypes that are fueled by social experiences as groups get acquainted. More generally, these findings suggest that perceiver effects might be a key variable to understanding reciprocal dynamics of small groups and interpersonal functioning.

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