scholarly journals NOAA/TOVS DERIVED UPPER TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET OF SOUTHWEST MONSOON OVER KERALA COAST

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
P. C. JOSHI ◽  
B. SIMON
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Kerala Coast

Th e NOAA· scries of pol ar urbiting meteorological JalellitC"J cany cnboent an instrumentTOYSOlROS Operational Vertical Sounder). The temperature profile da la from thi! instrument over Pakistan beatlow region and Tibetan pla teau region i5 examined in relatio n to the onset of sout h~ mnruoon OWf Kent. coast.A si,nificanl temperatu re increase in upper troposphere nead y rv.u ·~u in a.1V11ncfO of onset of monsoonh.. been observed.

scholarly journals On variability of total ozone derived from TOVS data over peninsular Indian sub-continent and adjoining oceanic area

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
R. SURESH
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Longitudinal Variability

The total ozone derived from TOVS data from NOAA 12 satellite through one step physical retrieval algorithm of  International TOVS Processing Package (ITPP) version 5.0 has been used to identify  its diurnal, monthly, latitudinal and longitudinal variability during 1998 over the domain Equator to 26° N / 60-100° E. The linkage of  maximum total ozone with warmer tropopause and lower stratosphere has been re-established. The colder upper tropospheric temperature which is normally associated with maximum ozone concentration throughout the year elsewhere in the world  has also been identified in this study but the relationship gets reversed during southwest  monsoon months(June-September) over the domain considered. The moisture  available in abundance in the lower troposphere gets precipitated due to the convective instability prevailing in the atmosphere during monsoon season and very little moisture is only available for vertical transport into the upper troposphere atop 500 hPa. The latent heat released by the  precipitation processes warms up the middle and upper atmosphere. The warm and dry upper troposphere could be the reason for less depletion of ozone in the upper troposphere during monsoonal  months and this is supported by the positive correlation coefficient prevailing in monsoon season between  total ozone and upper tropospheric (aloft 300 hPa) temperature. The warmness in middle and upper troposphere which is associated with less depletion and/or production of more  ozone in the upper troposphere may  perhaps contribute  for the  higher total ozone during monsoon months than in other seasons over peninsular Indian region.  The minimum concentration is observed during January (226 DU) over 6° N and the maximum (283DU) over 18° N during August. Longitudinal variability is less pronounced than the latitudinal variability.

The impact of upper tropospheric temperature change on tropical cyclone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawo Eguchi ◽  
Kenta Kobayashi ◽  
Kosuke Ito ◽  
Tomoe Nasuno
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Upward Motion ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Ocean Coupling ◽  
Cold Simulation ◽  
The Impact

<p>We evaluate the impact of temperature at the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) on the tropical cyclone (TC) generation and its development by using the nonhydrostatic atmosphere-ocean coupling axisymmetric numerical model [Rotunno and Emanuel, 1987; Ito et al., 2010]. In the case of cold simulation at UTLS, the maximum wind and the minimum sea level pressure are increased and decreased than the control run, respectively. The magnitude of intensity change is the approximately 4 times larger than the change estimated from the MPIs (Maximum Potential Intensity [Bister and Emanuel,1998; Holland, 1997]). Further, during the development phase, the cold air mass intrudes to the middle troposphere from the upper troposphere at the center of TC, which is not seen in the warm case, leading the atmosphere unstable and enhanced the upward motion and then the TC got stronger.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluating moist physics for Antarctic mesoscale simulations

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Hines ◽  
David H. Bromwich ◽  
R. I. Cullather
Keyword(s):  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Downward Longwave Radiation ◽  
Cloud Ice

The performance of an explicit cloud physics parameterization is examined with simulations of high southern latitude winter climate using a version of the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model, version 4. The results reveal that there are three moist physics regimes in the vertical over the elevated interior of Antarctica: the very cold upper troposphere, the relatively warm middle troposphere and the cold boundary layer. Deficiencies for these layers include excessive cloud ice in the upper troposphere, excessive cloud ice in the inversion layer near the ice surface, overly warm temperatures in the lower troposphere, overly cold temperatures in the upper troposphere and excessive downward longwave radiation at the Earth’s surface. Three sensitivity experiments were performed to investigate possible improvements in the cloud parameterization. The results indicate that a reduction of the numerous cloud condensation nuclei, while reducing some errors, appears to be insufficient to improve the simulation. A reduction in the excessive cloud ice in the upper troposphere significantly improves the simulation of upper-tropospheric temperature.

scholarly journals The effect of cloud liquid water on tropospheric temperature retrievals from microwave measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Bernet ◽  
Francisco Navas-Guzmàn ◽  
Niklaus Kämpfer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Cloud Liquid Water ◽  
Cloud Models

Abstract. Microwave radiometry is a suitable technique to measure atmospheric temperature profiles with high temporal resolution during clear sky and cloudy conditions. In this study, we included cloud models in the inversion algorithm of the microwave radiometer TEMPERA (TEMPErature RAdiometer) to determine the effect of cloud liquid water on the temperature retrievals. The cloud models were built based on measurements of cloud base altitude and integrated liquid water (ILW), all performed at the aerological station (MeteoSwiss) in Payerne (Switzerland). Cloud base altitudes were detected using ceilometer measurements while the ILW was measured by a HATPRO (Humidity And Temperature PROfiler) radiometer. To assess the quality of the TEMPERA retrieval when clouds were considered, the resulting temperature profiles were compared to two years of radiosonde measurements. The TEMPERA instrument measures radiation at 12 channels in the frequency range from 51 to 57 GHz, corresponding to the left wing of the oxygen emission line complex. When the full spectral information with all the 12 frequency channels was used, we found a marked improvement in the temperature retrievals after including a cloud model. The chosen cloud model influenced the resulting temperature profile, especially for high clouds and clouds with a large amount of liquid water. Using all 12 channels however presented large deviations between different cases, suggesting that additional uncertainties exist in the lower, more transparent channels. Using less spectral information with the higher, more opaque channels only also improved the temperature profiles when clouds where included, but the influence of the chosen cloud model was less important. We conclude that tropospheric temperature profiles can be optimized by considering clouds in the microwave retrieval, and that the choice of the cloud model has a direct impact on the resulting temperature profile.

scholarly journals Anomalous temperature changes in the UTLS region prior to the 2008 Nura Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Leonid Sverdlik
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Temperature Anomaly ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Anomalous Temperature ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temperature Time

The paper presents results of retrospective analysis of satellite temperature time series above the epicentral area of the destructive Nura earthquake of M=6.7, occurred in a seismically active Tien-Shan region on October 5, 2008. An algorithm based on the use of a modified STA/LTA criterion has been developed for the purpose of selection and identification of perturbations associated with seismic activity. It has been established that an explicit mesoscale temperature anomaly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) was observed during the period from October 1 to 3, 2008. Temporal and spatial distributions of the temperature perturbations consistently appeared at various UTLS levels suggest probable association with seismic event preparation.

Dynamical Forcing of Subseasonal Variability in the Tropical Brewer–Dobson Circulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 3439-3453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Abalos ◽  
William J. Randel ◽  
Encarna Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Wave Forcing ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Subseasonal Variability ◽  
Medium Range

Abstract Upwelling across the tropical tropopause exhibits strong subseasonal variability superimposed on the well-known annual cycle, and these variations directly affect temperature and tracers in the tropical lower stratosphere. In this work, the dynamical forcing of tropical upwelling on subseasonal time scales is investigated using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) for 1979–2011. Momentum balance diagnostics reveal that transience in lower-stratospheric upwelling is linked to the effects of extratropical wave forcing, with centers of action in the extratropical winter stratosphere and in the subtropical upper troposphere of both hemispheres. The time-dependent forcing in these regions induces a remote coupled response in the zonal mean wind and the meridional circulation (with associated temperature changes), which drives upwelling variability in the tropical stratosphere. This behavior is observed in the reanalysis, consistent with theory. Dynamical patterns reflect distinctive forcing of the shallow versus deep branches of the Brewer–Dobson circulation; the shallow branch is most strongly correlated with wave forcing in the subtropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, while the deep branch is mainly influenced by high-latitude planetary waves.

scholarly journals Biases in Stratospheric and Tropospheric Temperature Trends Derived from Historical Radiosonde Data

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2094-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Randel ◽  
Fei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Step Functions ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Microwave Sounding Unit ◽  
Microwave Sounding ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Temperature trends derived from historical radiosonde data often show substantial differences compared to satellite measurements. These differences are especially large for stratospheric levels, and for data in the Tropics, where results are based on relatively few stations. Detailed comparisons of one radiosonde dataset with collocated satellite measurements from the Microwave Sounding Unit reveal time series differences that occur as step functions or jumps at many stations. These jumps occur at different times for different stations, suggesting that the differences are primarily related to problems in the radiosonde data, rather than in the satellite record. As a result of these jumps, the radiosondes exhibit systematic cooling biases relative to the satellites. A large number of the radiosonde stations in the Tropics are influenced by these biases, suggesting that cooling in the tropical lower stratosphere is substantially overestimated in these radiosonde data. Comparison of trends from stations with larger and smaller biases suggests the cooling bias extends into the tropical upper troposphere. Significant biases are observed in both daytime and nighttime radiosonde measurements.

scholarly journals Radiative Cooling, Latent Heating, and Cloud Ice in the Tropical Upper Troposphere

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Convective Heating ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Latent Heating ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
Cloud Ice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tropical Upper Troposphere

Abstract The radiative cooling rate in the tropical upper troposphere is expected to increase as climate warms. Since the tropics are approximately in radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE), this implies an increase in the convective heating rate, which is the sum of the latent heating rate and the eddy heat flux convergence. We examine the impact of these changes on the vertical profile of cloud ice amount in cloud-resolving simulations of RCE. Three simulations are conducted: a control run, a warming run, and an experimental run in which there is no warming but a temperature forcing is imposed to mimic the warming-induced increase in radiative cooling. Surface warming causes a reduction in cloud fraction at all upper tropospheric temperature levels but an increase in the ice mixing ratio within deep convective cores. The experimental run has more cloud ice than the warming run at fixed temperature despite the fact that their latent heating rates are equal, which suggests that the efficiency of latent heating by cloud ice increases with warming. An analytic expression relating the ice-related latent heating rate to a number of other factors is derived and used to understand the model results. This reveals that the increase in latent heating efficiency is driven mostly by 1) the migration of isotherms to lower pressure and 2) a slight warming of the top of the convective layer. These physically robust changes act to reduce the residence time of ice along at any particular temperature level, which tempers the response of the mean cloud ice profile to warming.

MAJOR AND MINOR GENES IN WHEAT FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA STRIIFORMIS AND THEIR RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE CHANGES

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2155-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Lewellen ◽  
E. L. Sharp ◽  
E. R. Hehn
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Minor Genes ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The wheat varieties, 'P.I. 178383' and 'Chinese 166' (Triticum aestivum), were each found to carry an incompletely dominant major gene for resistance to a single pathogenic type of Puccinia striiformis. In addition, an undetermined number of minor genes segregated in such a way that in certain combinations they conferred moderate resistance and modified the action of the major genes. The rust readings were made on seedling plants grown in strictly controlled-environment chambers that simulated natural conditions. The action of the major genes was not affected by different temperature profiles, but the minor genes gave better resistance at a higher temperature profile than at a lower temperature profile.

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