scholarly journals Feeding behavior of sheep fed diets with Elaeis guineensis palm kernel meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2513
Author(s):  
Bianca Damasceno Pinho ◽  
Aline Fernanda Oliveira Ramos ◽  
José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
André Guimarães Maciel e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

In order to evaluate the feeding behavior of sheep fed with diets containing different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) substituted for corn silage, a metabolic assay was performed on 20 ewes (5 treatments × 4 replicates) over 25 d. The animals received corn silage diets with the addition of increasing levels of PKM (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%). The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter (DM) intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, feeding time, rumination time, idle time, number of merycism mastications per bolus, time spent ruminating each bolus, DM and NDF per bolus, number of ruminated boluses per day, feeding and rumination efficiency, total chewing time, and number of merycism mastications per day. The daily intake of both DM and NDF increased linearly (P < 0.05), and when sheep were fed diets of at least 43.18 and 39.15% PKM, respectively, the consumption values were significantly different than when sheep were fed diets with 0% PKM (P < 0.05). In contrast, feeding time declined linearly, and in response to diets with at least 28.05% PKM, the sheep exhibited significantly different feeding times from those of sheep fed 0% PKM, with a reduction of 0.0613 percentage points per 1% increase in PKM. Idle time, rumination time, and rumination time per bolus each exhibited quadratic responses (P < 0.05), and the minimum rumination time per bolus was 44.37 s with 35.19% PKM. A quadratic response was also observed for total chewing time and both measures of merycism mastications (P < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the inclusion of PKM in the diets of sheep improves some parameters of feeding behavior, and the use of PKM is recommended at DM percentages of up to 40%.

Short Communication: Energy values and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of copra meal and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Jang ◽  
Y. Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Copra Meal ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Jang, Y. D. and Kim, Y. Y. 2013. Short Communication: Energy values and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of copra meal and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 517–521. To determine energy values and coefficients of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of copra meal (CM) and palm kernel meal (PKM), 24 growing pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet and the basal diet replaced by 300 g kg−1 of either CM or PKM. Copra meal had higher CATTD of gross energy (12%), dry matter (DM; 13%), neutral detergent fiber (16%), acid detergent fiber (23%), and crude fiber (79%; P<0.05) than PKM. Copra meal had a slightly higher digestible energy (DE) value than PKM (14.08 vs. 13.01 MJ kg−1 DM; P=0.067), but metabolizable energy (ME; 13.33 vs. 12.83 MJ kg−1 DM), net energy (7.97 vs. 7.36 MJ kg−1 DM), and ME:DE ratio did not differ between CM and PKM. Therefore, compared with PKM, CM can be a better source of dietary energy in swine diets as evidenced by higher CATTD of energy and fiber components.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Palm Kernel Meal and Corn Distillers Grains in Corn Silage-Based Diets for Lactating Dairy Cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 2705-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P.F. Carvalho ◽  
A.R.J. Cabrita ◽  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
T.E.J. Vicente ◽  
Z.M.C. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal ◽  
Corn Distillers

scholarly journals Palm kernel meal ( Elaeis guineensis ) as a substitute for corn ( Zea mays ) in diets of Tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum )

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 3358-3366
Author(s):  
Rayette Souza Silva ◽  
Juliana Ralica Tavares Lopes ◽  
Roberto Vilhena Espírito Santo ◽  
Marcos Antônio Souza Santos ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martins Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Effect of Palm Kernel Meal as Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Extender for Plywood Application: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei Ruey Ong ◽  
Reddy Prasad ◽  
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Najmul Kabir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical interaction of palm kernel meal (PKM) with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins in adhesive formulation by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effect of hot press on PKM extender has been investigated by FTIR and blue shift is observed due to the hot press indicating that the functional groups (such as C=O, -OH and NH) are become more free in the samples. In the case of PKM-MUF blend bonding interactions observed where, PKM played the role as an extender. Red shift of C=O and N-H groups stretching in PKM-MUF-Wood blend is observed which suggests the interaction of these functional groups through hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that PKM extender-based MUF adhesive resins have potential application for the production of exterior plywood.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

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