scholarly journals Morphogenesis and tiller density of Aruana grass managed at different heights under sheep grazing

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Renata Negri ◽  
Guilherme Batista dos Santos ◽  
Vicente de Paulo Macedo ◽  
Magali Floriano da Silveira ◽  
Leticia Wlodarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Representative Area ◽  
Tiller Density

This study aimed to assess the morphogenic characteristics and tiller density of Aruana grass managed at different heights under sheep grazing. Aruana grass was managed at four mean heights (12, 15, 20, and 25 cm) distributed in a randomized block design with three replications, totaling 12 paddocks of 250 m² each. Twenty-four crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês lambs, with mean age and weight of 60 ± 15 days and 16.69 ± 2.70 kg, respectively, were randomly distributed in the treatments. Five tillers were demarcated per paddock for measuring morphogenic variables. A representative area in the paddock was used for counting the number of tillers. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate, leaf senescence rate, final leaf length, and leaf life span between the assessed heights. Phyllochron was longer at the height of 25 cm when compared to 15 and 20 cm (19.35, 12.11, and 12.75 days, respectively). The number of live leaves was higher at heights of 12, 15, and 20 cm when compared to 25 cm (3.99, 4.35, 4.15, and 2.86, respectively). The number of basal and aerial tillers presented no variation (P > 0.05) between canopy heights. Management heights from 15 to 20 cm allowed a higher number of live leaves and a shorter phyllochron in Aruana grass pastures managed for sheep. Canopy height management did not influence other morphogenic characteristics and tiller density.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic, structural and production traits of marandu grass under nitrogen rates in Neo soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-664
Author(s):  
A.B.G. Costa ◽  
G.S. Difante ◽  
B.A.M. Campelo ◽  
A.L.C. Gurgel ◽  
C.M. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate

ABSTRACT Most sandy soils have low natural fertility and low levels of organic matter, making nitrogen (N) fertilization essential. Thus, five doses of N were applied (0, 75, 125, 175 and 225mg dm-³) in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the morphogenetic, structural and production characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in a Quartzarenic neosoil. The doses of N did not affect the height of the canopy. The leaf elongation rate, final leaf length and number of live leaves increased linearly at the doses of N. Leaf appearance rate, stem elongation rate, leaf lifespan, phyllochron, leaf senescence rate and tiller density showed a quadratic response to the rates There was also an effect of N rates in herbage mass, leaf mass, stem mass, which increased linearly. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu cultivated in Quartzarenic neosoil requires higher doses of N, 175 and 225mg dm-³. Under these conditions, increases in its morphogenetic, structural and productive characteristics are observed. These findings may not be repeated in the most fertile soils with the greatest capacity to supply N.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of clones of elephant grass managed under intermittent stocking

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Priscila Beligoli Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Carlos Augusto De Miranda Gomide ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This work was carried out to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers of two dwarf elephant grass clones (BRS Kurumi and CNPGL 00-1-3) managed under intermittent stocking in six grazing cycles. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications (paddocks) in split-split-plot arrangements was used. The clones were allocated to the plots, tiller classes were assigned to the subplots and grazing cycles to sub subplots. Higher values for basal tillers than aerial tillers were seen for the following characteristics: leaf elongation rate (12.8 and 5.1 cm/tiller/day), leaf appearance rate (0.26 and 0.19 leaves/tiller/day), stem elongation rate (0.38 and 0.16 cm/tiller/day), senescence rate (0.98 and 0.47 cm/tiller/day), total number of leaves (9.3 and 7.1 leaves/ tiller), number of live leaves (7.7 and 5.8 leaves/tiller) and final length of leaf blades (33.5 and 20.0 cm). Phyllochron was lower for basal (4.0 days/leaf) than aerial tillers (5.5 days/leaf). The leaf life span increased with the advance of the grazing cycles, averaging 31.2 days. The tiller density increased with the advance of the grazing cycles showing an average increase of 167% of aerial tillers and 62% of basal tillers for both clones. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of dwarf clones were influenced jointly by the clones and the availability of the environmental factors of growth during the spring and summer. The high leaf elongation rates, associated with high leaf appearance rate, reveal the potential of high production dry matter of leaves and restoration of leaf area after grazing.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to cutting heights

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braulio Maia de Lana Sousa ◽  
Domicio do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
Carlindo Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Hélida Christhine de Freitas Monteiro ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate

The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of xaraes palisadegrass submitted to three cutting heights (15, 20 and 25 cm) when the sward reached 95% of light interception during regrowth. The experiment was carried out according to a complete randomized block design with three replications. The sward surface height under the cutting condition of 95% of light interception was very homogeneous with values around 30 cm. The increase in cutting height reduced the leaf elongation rate and the number of live leaves but increased stem elongation rate. As the cutting criterion was the same, before the intense competition for light, the variation in the cutting severity had a small influence on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of this grass. In the summer, due to the better growth conditions, the plants presented a higher tissue renewal, which was characterized by a higher leaf elongation rate, reduced leaf lifespan and leaf senescence rate when compared to the other season of the year. Under intermittent defoliation conditions, the regrowth of xaraes palisadegrass can be interrupted at a sward height of 30 cm (frequency) keeping a residual height of 15 cm.

scholarly journals Establishment of Brachiaria cultivars in the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51802
Author(s):  
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed was the establishment of the genus Brachiaria in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted from April to June 2016, as a randomized-block experimental design with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments were represented by five Brachiaria cultivars, namely, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Morphogenetic (leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate e stem elongation rate) and structural characteristics (final leaf length, tiller population density e number of leaves per tiller, forage mass, leaf blade mass, stem mass, senescent material mass and leaf:stem ratio) of the forage cultivars were evaluated. Canopy height fitted a linear regression model (P<0,05), with estimated daily increases of 0.50, 0.53, 0.53, 0.54 and 0.56 cm for cvs Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés, respectively. The number of live leaves in cvs Basilisk and Paiaguás increased linearly (p < 0.05), by 4.3 and 2.8 leaves per tiller, respectively, during the 60-day period. The recommended height at which the growth of Brachiaria cultivars should be interrupted is upon reaching 25 to 35 cm. In the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, the Brachiaria cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés are established at 75 days after sowing, which is the recommended time for performing the first harvest or lenient grazing to stimulate tillering.

scholarly journals Megathyrsus Maximus cv. Massai submetido a frequências de corte

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Guto Joaquim de Sousa ◽  
Emerson Alexandrino ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Lima Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cutting Frequency

We evaluated the growth dynamics and forage production of Massai grass subjected to different cutting frequencies during the rainy season, with the aim to determine the most suitable cutting frequency to increase grass productivity. A randomized block design with four treatments (four cutting frequencies, 24, 32, 48, and 96 days) was used. The morphological characteristics were evaluated weekly in seven random tillers. Leaf appearance rate, phyllochron value, foliar elongation rate, leaf senescence rate, and stem elongation rate were influenced (p < 0.05) by the cutting frequency, while no effect was found for leaf life span. The number of live leaves per tiller, mean length of leaf blades, population density of tillers (DPP), and sheath length were influenced by the cutting frequency, along with plant height, dry mass of harvested leaf blade, dry mass of harvested stem, dry mass of harvested dead material, and leaf/stem ratio, while there was no effect on dry mass of forage harvested. The rates of leaf blade accumulation, stem accumulation, forage loss, and forage production were not affected by cutting frequency. A cutting frequency of 24 days resulted in the highest productivity values of Massai grass during the rainy season.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic characteristics and management of Tanzania grass

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Menezes Santos ◽  
Marco Antônio Alvares Balsalobre ◽  
Moacyr Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tissue Turnover ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of grazing interval and period of evaluation over tissue turnover in Tanzania grass pastures (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) and to ascertain if herbage accumulation rate can be used as a criterion to establish a defoliation schedule for this grass in Southeast of Brazil. A randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement was used. The effect of three grazing intervals was evaluated within seven periods between October 1995 and September 1996. Responses monitored were leaf and stem elongation rates, leaf senescence rate, stem length, and tiller density. Net herbage accumulation rate was calculated using tissue turnover data. The grazing intervals for Tanzania grass should be around 38 days between October and April (spring and early autumn) and 28 days during the reproductive phase of the grass (April/May). Between May and September (late autumn and winter), grazing interval should be around 48 days. Herbage accumulation rate is not a good criterion to establish defoliation time for Tanzania grass. Studies on the effects of stem production in grazing efficiency, animal intake and forage quality are needed to improve Tanzania grass management.

scholarly journals Effects of stubble height and season of the year on morphogenetic, structural and quantitative traits of Tanzania grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267
Author(s):  
Nauara Moura Lage Filho ◽  
Aline Da Rosa Lopes ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho Do Rêgo ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth period (RP), morphogenetic, structural and productive characteristics of the guinea grass cultivar Tanzania [Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum)] under different stubble heights (SH) during dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in the eastern Amazon region. The treatments were: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 cm SH, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates. In the 2 seasons, RP decreased linearly with increase in SH, and was considerably shorter in the RS (47 d). Leaf appearance rate decreased linearly from 0.071 to 0.051 leaves/tiller/d with increasing SH, and it was higher during the RS. Increase in SH increased leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate and leaf area index. In the RS, climatic conditions favored the morphogenesis, resulting in higher herbage accumulation (8,693 kg DM/ha) than in the DS (2,597 kg DM/ha). In associating seasons with SH, we recommend that Tanzania grass be managed at SH between 35 and 45 cm in the DS, resulting in RP from 61 to 64 days, and at SH of 35 cm in the RS, resulting in RP of 41 days. Studies to test this management strategy seem warranted.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata MERR) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KANGKUNG DARAT (Ipomea reptans POIR)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Lukman Arif
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Palm Juice ◽  
Spinach Plant ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Right

This study aims to determine to determine the effect of land spinach plant growth due to the provision of liquid organic fertilizer palm sugar and to determine the right concentration of palm sugar palm POC to the growth of land spinach plants. This experiment used a single factor randomized block design consisting of 4 replications of 4 treatments. The best experimental results on plant height and number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width aged 14 and 24 HST were influenced by the use of palm juice 40 ml / L water with a height of 19.59 cm and 32.13 cm number of leaves 6.34 and 12.25 strands, leaf length 13.71 and 15.75 while leaf widths are 1.74 and 3.48 cm.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and forage accumulation of Urochloa ruziziensis under nitrogen and potassium fertilization management

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Flavio Henrique Vidal Azevedo ◽  
Fabio Prudêncio de Campos ◽  
Aline Barros da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Appearance Rate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons (summer 1, 2010–2011and summer 2, 2011–2012) and the autumn and spring of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and K2O) and five replications was used, with repeated measurements in each season, in a split plot arrangement. The treatments were allocated to the plots and the seasons of the year to the subplots. The phyllochron (PHY),leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), tiller population density (TPD), tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), leaf growth rate (LGR), stem growth rate (SGR), senescence rate (SR), forage accumulation rate (FAR), and leaf accumulation rate (LAR) of Urochloa ruziziensis were evaluated. There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively. While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2. The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons. The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively), while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2. Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production.

scholarly journals Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Wilton Ladeira Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Ruggieri ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Reis ◽  
Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The ideal time to start grazing is when pastures reach 95% light interception. The use of residual leaf area index (rLAI) to time the interruption of grazing under intermittent grazing has recently been studied in forage species in different climatic conditions in Brazil. However, studies evaluating the formation and development of leaves and tillers through morphogenetic and structural variables in functional rLAI are still lacking for Tifton 85 pastures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying rLAI in successive grazing cycles on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pasture grazed intermittently by sheep. Morphogenetic and structural characteristics were evaluated in three grazing cycles under three rLAI conditions (0.8, 1.6, and 2.4). The regrowth interval (time taken to return to 95% light interception) of pastures increased from 21.33 to 29.66 days with decreasing rLAI. The leaf appearance rate increased at a rate of 0.02 leaves tiller-1 day-1 and the number of live leaves per tiller increased by 0.41 with decreasing rLAI. Phyllochron, leaf elongation rate, final leaf length, leaf senescence rate, and stem elongation rate decreased linearly with decreasing rLAI. The number of live leaves per tiller was lower (7.97) in the third grazing cycle, probably owing to the higher senescence rate observed that same cycle, while the other variables had higher values. The 2.4 rLAI condition promotes excessive stem elongation, reduced leaf appearance, lower number of live leaves per tiller, and increased senescence of leaves, while the 0.8 and 1.6 rLAI conditions promote desirable morphogenetic and structural characteristics, which correlate directly with forage quality. In order to avoid excessive forage losses, grazing must occur preferentially by the end of March, when climatic conditions still support the appropriate development of the plants.

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