scholarly journals How Cost-of-Illness (COI) Study Provides Direct and Indirect Costs of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina ?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Tarik Catic ◽  
Enra Suljic ◽  
Refet Gojak ◽  
Josip Culig ◽  
Enra Suljic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

scholarly journals The economic burden of obesity in Italy: a cost-of-illness study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita d’Errico ◽  
Milena Pavlova ◽  
Federico Spandonaro
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Abstract Background Obesity is a complex health disorder that significantly increases the risk of several chronic diseases, and it has been associated with a 5–20-year decrease in life expectancy. The prevalence of obesity is increasing steadily worldwide and Italy follows this trend with an increase of almost 30% in the adult obese population in the last 3 decades. Previous studies estimated that 2–4% of the total health expenditure in Europe is attributed to obesity and it is projected to double by 2050. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient knowledge on the burden of obesity in Italy and most relevant estimates are derived from international studies. The aim of this study is to estimate the direct and indirect costs of obesity in Italy, taking 2020 as the reference year. Methods Based on data collected from the literature, a quantitative cost-of-illness (COI) study was performed from a societal perspective focussing on the adult obese population (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) in Italy. Results The study indicated that the total costs attributable to obesity in Italy amounted to €13.34 billion in 2020 (95% credible interval: €8.99 billion < µ < €17.80 billion). Direct costs were €7.89 billion, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) having the highest impact on costs (€6.66 billion), followed by diabetes (€0.65 billion), cancer (€0.33 billion), and bariatric surgery (€0.24 billion). Indirect costs amounted to €5.45 billion, with almost equal contribution of absenteeism (€2.62 billion) and presenteeism (€2.83 billion). Conclusions Obesity is associated with high direct and indirect costs, and cost-effective prevention programmes are deemed fundamental to contain this public health threat in Italy.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect costs of Multiple Sclerosis in Baix Llobregat (Catalonia, Spain), according to disability

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Casado ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Yélamos ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Yélamos ◽  
Olga Carmona ◽  
Lucia Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Economic impact of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying drugs in an employed population: direct and indirect costs

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard G. Birnbaum ◽  
Jasmina I. Ivanova ◽  
Seth Samuels ◽  
Matthew Davis ◽  
Pierre Y. Cremieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Disease ◽  
Disease Modifying

The economic impact of multiple sclerosis in Australia in 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1640-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Palmer ◽  
Sam Colman ◽  
Beth O’Leary ◽  
Bruce V Taylor ◽  
Rex D Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Severe Disability ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Using Data

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a major impact on health and is a substantial burden on patients and society. We estimated the annual costs of MS in Australia from individual and societal perspectives using data from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study (AMSLS) and prevalence figures from 2010. Methods: Direct and indirect costs were estimated from a subsample of 712 AMSLS subjects who completed baseline and follow-up economic impact surveys. All costs are in 2010 Australian dollars (AUD). Results: Annual costs per person with MS were AUD48,945 (95% CI: 45,138 to 52,752). Total costs were AUD1.042 (0.9707 to 1.1227) billion based on a prevalence of 21,283. The largest component was indirect costs due to loss of productivity (48%). Costs increased with increasing disability: AUD36,369, AUD58,890 and AUD65,305 per patient per year for mild, moderate and severe disability, respectively. Total costs of MS to Australian society have increased 58% between 2005 and 2010. Conclusions: This study confirms that MS imposes a substantial burden on Australian society, particularly impacting on productivity. The burden increases with worsening disability associated with the disease. Investment in interventions that slow progression, as well as resources, services and environments that assist people with MS to retain employment, is supported.

scholarly journals The societal cost of treatment-seeking patients with borderline personality disorder in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Wagner ◽  
Nele Assmann ◽  
Sandra Köhne ◽  
Anja Schaich ◽  
Daniel Alvarez-Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Societal Cost ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

AbstractAccording to previous research, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with high cost-of-illness. However, there is still a shortage of cost-of-illness-studies assessing costs from a broad societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs. Further, there are considerable differences in the results among the existing studies. In the present study, 167 German men and women seeking specialized outpatient treatment for BPD were included. We assessed societal cost-of-illness bottom-up through structured face-to-face interviews and encompassed a wide range of cost components. All costs were calculated for the 2015 price level. Cost-of-illness amounted to € 31,130 per patient and year preceding disorder-specific outpatient treatment. € 17,044 (54.8%) were direct costs that were mostly related to hospital treatment. Indirect costs amounted to € 14,086 (45.2%). Within indirect costs, costs related to work disability were the most crucial cost driver. The present study underlines the tremendous economic burden of BPD. According to the present study, both the direct and indirect costs are of significant importance for the societal costs associated with BPD. Besides the need for more disorder-specific treatment facilities for men and women with BPD, we assume that education and employment are topics that should be specifically targeted and individually supported at an early stage of treatment.Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Registration, DRKS00011534, Date of Registration: 11/01/2017, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Excess cost burden of diabetes in Southern India: a clinic-based, comparative cost-of-illness study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Sharma ◽  
H. Ranjani ◽  
A. Zabetian ◽  
M. Datta ◽  
M. Deepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Private Clinic ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Government Clinic ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

BackgroundThere are few data on excess direct and indirect costs of diabetes in India and limited data on rural costs of diabetes. We aimed to further explore these aspects of diabetes burdens using a clinic-based, comparative cost-of-illness study.MethodsPersons with diabetes (n = 606) were recruited from government, private, and rural clinics and compared to persons without diabetes matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (n = 356). We used interviewer-administered questionnaires to estimate direct costs (outpatient, inpatient, medication, laboratory, and procedures) and indirect costs [absence from (absenteeism) or low productivity at (presenteeism) work]. Excess costs were calculated as the difference between costs reported by persons with and without diabetes and compared across settings. Regression analyses were used to separately identify factors associated with total direct and indirect costs.ResultsAnnual excess direct costs were highest amongst private clinic attendees (INR 19 552, US$425) and lowest amongst government clinic attendees (INR 1204, US$26.17). Private clinic attendees had the lowest excess absenteeism (2.36 work days/year) and highest presenteeism (0.06 work days/year) due to diabetes. Government clinic attendees reported the highest absenteeism (7.48 work days/year) and lowest presenteeism (−0.31 work days/year). Ten additional years of diabetes duration was associated with 11% higher direct costs (p < 0.001). Older age (p = 0.02) and longer duration of diabetes (p < 0.001) were associated with higher total lost work days.ConclusionsExcess health expenditures and lost productivity amongst individuals with diabetes are substantial and different across care settings. Innovative solutions are needed to cope with diabetes and its associated cost burdens in India.

Abstract 208: A Literature Review Of Indirect Cost Of Stroke

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heesoo Joo ◽  
Mary G George ◽  
Jing Fang ◽  
Guijing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Background: Stroke is not only a costly deadly disease, but also a leading cause of long-term disability. However, stroke associated indirect costs such as productivity loss and informal care cost have not been well studied. To better develop such studies and provide policy-relevant information, we conducted a literature review of indirect costs of stroke. Methods: We conducted a literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE and EconLit, complemented by Google Scholar search and cross-reference checking using key words of stroke, cerebrovascular disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, cost of illness, productivity loss, indirect cost, economic burden, and informal caregiving. We identified original research articles published during 1990-2012 in English language peer reviewed journals for the review. Since the number of studies on indirect cost of stroke was small, we included cost-of-illness (COI) studies if they contained sufficient analyses of the indirect cost. We summarized the indirect costs by study type, cost categories, and study settings. Results: There were 31 original research articles investigating the indirect cost of stroke. Only 6 (19%) of these studies solely investigated the indirect cost; the other 25 (81%) studies were COI studies which included the indirect cost as a component. Of the 31 articles, six examined indirect costs in the US. Two of them focused solely on indirect costs. One study at a national level examined informal caregiving among elderly with stroke and estimated the annual cost of such care to be $6.1 billion in 1999. The other study for the State of California estimated lost productivity associated with stroke mortality in the State to be over $1 billion in 1991. The other four US studies suggested that the indirect costs will continue to increase in the coming decades, especially among African American and Hispanics, and that indirect costs might account for over 58% of the total cost of stroke. Due to diverse research methods, data, and cost definitions, the literature suggested a wide range of the indirect cost as a percentage of total stroke costs (2.6% - 71%) often with indirect cost as a significant cost component of stroke. Conclusions: While the literature indicated that the indirect cost accounted for a significant portion of the economic burden of stroke, there is a clear need to develop improved methods to study costs and to better use or establish relevant data sources for such studies. With the aging population and increasing survival rate of stroke, both direct and indirect costs of stroke are likely to increase greatly. Interventions for stroke prevention as well as for improving quality of life among stroke patients are needed to contain both direct and indirect costs associated with stroke. More research investigating the indirect costs will be helpful in guiding the development of such interventions to reduce the burden of stroke.

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