scholarly journals The economic burden of obesity in Italy: a cost-of-illness study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita d’Errico ◽  
Milena Pavlova ◽  
Federico Spandonaro
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Abstract Background Obesity is a complex health disorder that significantly increases the risk of several chronic diseases, and it has been associated with a 5–20-year decrease in life expectancy. The prevalence of obesity is increasing steadily worldwide and Italy follows this trend with an increase of almost 30% in the adult obese population in the last 3 decades. Previous studies estimated that 2–4% of the total health expenditure in Europe is attributed to obesity and it is projected to double by 2050. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient knowledge on the burden of obesity in Italy and most relevant estimates are derived from international studies. The aim of this study is to estimate the direct and indirect costs of obesity in Italy, taking 2020 as the reference year. Methods Based on data collected from the literature, a quantitative cost-of-illness (COI) study was performed from a societal perspective focussing on the adult obese population (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) in Italy. Results The study indicated that the total costs attributable to obesity in Italy amounted to €13.34 billion in 2020 (95% credible interval: €8.99 billion < µ < €17.80 billion). Direct costs were €7.89 billion, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) having the highest impact on costs (€6.66 billion), followed by diabetes (€0.65 billion), cancer (€0.33 billion), and bariatric surgery (€0.24 billion). Indirect costs amounted to €5.45 billion, with almost equal contribution of absenteeism (€2.62 billion) and presenteeism (€2.83 billion). Conclusions Obesity is associated with high direct and indirect costs, and cost-effective prevention programmes are deemed fundamental to contain this public health threat in Italy.

scholarly journals Excess cost burden of diabetes in Southern India: a clinic-based, comparative cost-of-illness study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Sharma ◽  
H. Ranjani ◽  
A. Zabetian ◽  
M. Datta ◽  
M. Deepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Private Clinic ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Government Clinic ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

BackgroundThere are few data on excess direct and indirect costs of diabetes in India and limited data on rural costs of diabetes. We aimed to further explore these aspects of diabetes burdens using a clinic-based, comparative cost-of-illness study.MethodsPersons with diabetes (n = 606) were recruited from government, private, and rural clinics and compared to persons without diabetes matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (n = 356). We used interviewer-administered questionnaires to estimate direct costs (outpatient, inpatient, medication, laboratory, and procedures) and indirect costs [absence from (absenteeism) or low productivity at (presenteeism) work]. Excess costs were calculated as the difference between costs reported by persons with and without diabetes and compared across settings. Regression analyses were used to separately identify factors associated with total direct and indirect costs.ResultsAnnual excess direct costs were highest amongst private clinic attendees (INR 19 552, US$425) and lowest amongst government clinic attendees (INR 1204, US$26.17). Private clinic attendees had the lowest excess absenteeism (2.36 work days/year) and highest presenteeism (0.06 work days/year) due to diabetes. Government clinic attendees reported the highest absenteeism (7.48 work days/year) and lowest presenteeism (−0.31 work days/year). Ten additional years of diabetes duration was associated with 11% higher direct costs (p < 0.001). Older age (p = 0.02) and longer duration of diabetes (p < 0.001) were associated with higher total lost work days.ConclusionsExcess health expenditures and lost productivity amongst individuals with diabetes are substantial and different across care settings. Innovative solutions are needed to cope with diabetes and its associated cost burdens in India.

scholarly journals Healthcare Expenditures Associated with Heart Failure in Saudi Arabia: A Cost of Illness Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Ahmed Alghamdi ◽  
Eman Algarni ◽  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Abdulaziz Altowaijri ◽  
Abdulaziz Alhossan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
The Cost

Heart failure (HF) is considered to be a global health problem that generates a significant economic burden. Despite the growing prevalence in Saudi Arabia, the economic burden of HF is not well studied. The aim of this study was to estimate the health care expenditures associated with HF in Saudi Arabia from a social perspective. We conducted a multicenter cost of illness (COI) study in two large governmental centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using 369 HF patients. A COI model was developed in order to estimate the direct medical costs associated with HF. The indirect costs of HF were estimated based on a human capital approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics were analyzed. The direct medical cost per HF patient was $9563. Hospitalization costs were the major driver in total spending, followed by medication and diagnostics costs. The cost significantly increased in line with the disease progression, ranging from $3671 in class I to $16,447 in class IV. The indirect costs per working HF patient were $4628 due to absenteeism, and $6388 due to presenteeism. The economic burden of HF is significantly high in Saudi Arabia. Decision makers need to focus on allocating resources towards strategies that prevent frequent hospitalizations and improve HF management and patient outcomes in order to lower the growing economic burden.

scholarly journals How Cost-of-Illness (COI) Study Provides Direct and Indirect Costs of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina ?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Tarik Catic ◽  
Enra Suljic ◽  
Refet Gojak ◽  
Josip Culig ◽  
Enra Suljic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

The economic cost of schizophrenia in Ireland: a cost of illness study

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caragh Behan ◽  
Brendan Kennelly ◽  
Eadbhard O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Care ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

AbstractObjectives: Although there are many published reports about the human cost of schizophrenia, there are far fewer estimates of its economic cost, particularly in Ireland. The aim of this study was to provide a prevalence-based estimate of the costs associated with schizophrenia in Ireland during 2006.Method: Using standard Cost of Illness (COI) procedures we compiled data from many sources including the Health Research Board, the Department of Health and Children and other government publications. Costs relating to health and social care, informal care, lost productivity, premature mortality and other public expenditures were included. Where national data were unavailable, we used bottom-up data from a geographically defined catchment area study and, in some instances, costs from two catchment areas were averaged. We did not measure human or intangible costs.Results: The estimated total cost of schizophrenia was €460.6 million in 2006. The direct cost of care was €117.5 million and the burden of indirect costs was €343 million. The cost of lost productivity due to unemployment, absence from work and premature mortality was €277 million. Within indirect costs, the expenditure on informal care borne by families was €43.8 million.Conclusions: Schizophrenia is not a very common condition but is an expensive one. This is attributable to its young age at onset, relatively low mortality rate and high severity particularly in terms of its impact on future employment. Measures to improve outcomes coupled with measures to improve employment such as supported employment strategies may impact significantly on the cost of schizophrenia. The study is limited because the national unit costs of many variables are not directly available and these Irish data are likely to be an underestimate. However, the results are comparable with a 2005 cost of illness study UK study.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect cost of attempted suicide in a general hospital: cost-of-illness study

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Maria Teixeira Sgobin ◽  
Ana Luisa Marques Traballi ◽  
Neury José Botega ◽  
Otávio Rizi Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Costs Of Care ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of socioeconomic impact of attempted suicide may sensitize managers regarding prevention strategies. There are no published data on this in Brazil. The aim here was to describe the direct and indirect costs of care of hospitalized cases of attempted suicide and compare these with the costs of acute coronary syndrome cases.DESIGN AND SETTING: Cost-of-illness study at a public university hospital in Brazil.METHOD: The costs of care of 17 patients hospitalized due to attempted suicide were compared with those of 17 acute coronary syndrome cases at the same hospital, over the same period. The direct costs were the summation of the hospital and out-of-hospital costs resulting from the event, determined from the medical records. The indirect costs were estimated through the human capital lost. The Mann-Whitney test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with transformation adjusted for age were used for comparisons.RESULTS: The average costs per episode of attempted suicide were: direct cost, US$ 6168.65; indirect cost, US$ 688.08; and total cost, US$ 7163.75. Comparative analysis showed a difference between the indirect costs to family members, with significantly higher costs in the attempted suicide group (P = 0.0022).CONCLUSION: The cost of care relating to attempted suicide is high and the indirect cost to family members reinforces the idea that suicidal behavior not only affects the individual but also his social environment.

scholarly journals Cost-of-illness study in a retrospective cohort of patients with dementia in Lima, Peru

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Custodio ◽  
David Lira ◽  
Eder Herrera-Perez ◽  
Liza Nuñez del Prado ◽  
José Parodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Total Care ◽  
Informal Care Costs ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Cost Of Illness Study

Dementia is a major cause of dependency and disability among older persons, and imposes huge economic burdens. Only a few cost-of-illness studies for dementia have been carried out in middle and low-income countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze costs of dementia in demented patients of a private clinic in Lima, Peru. Methods. We performed a retrospective, cohort, 3-month study by extracting information from medical records of demented patients to assess the use of both healthcare and non-healthcare resources. The total costs of the disease were broken down into direct (medical and social care costs) and indirect costs (informal care costs). Results. In 136 outpatients, we observed that while half of non-demented patients had total care costs of less than US$ 23 over three months, demented patients had costs of US$ 1500 or over (and more than US$ 1860 for frontotemporal dementia). In our study, the monthly cost of a demented patient (US$ 570) was 2.5 times higher than the minimum wage (legal minimum monthly wage in Peru for 2011: US$ 222.22). Conclusion. Dementia constitutes a socioeconomic problem even in developing countries, since patients involve high healthcare and non-healthcare costs, with the costs being especially high for the patient's family.

scholarly journals The Direct and Indirect Costs to Society of Carpal Tunnel Release

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. NP1-NP5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Gabrielli ◽  
Alex C. Lesiak ◽  
John R. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Release ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Model

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common compressive neuropathies and affects a large amount of individuals. We investigated the direct and indirect cost to society of operative versus nonoperative management of CTS. Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation model was used to estimate the lifetime direct and indirect costs associated with nonoperative and operative treatment of CTS, and its utility to patients. Results: Operative treatment of CTS had a lower total cost and a higher utility when compared with nonoperative treatment. Conclusions: CTS surgery is clearly a cost-effective treatment strategy that should be included in the societal perspective regarding evolving costs and savings associated with health care.

scholarly journals Cost of illness of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the patient’s perspective: a study from several primary healthcare centres and a hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 7442-7453
Author(s):  
Dwi Endarti ◽  
Anna Wahyuni Widayanti ◽  
Ehga Ayodya Rahmawati ◽  
Nellatul Khaher ◽  
Siti Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that had a consequence of high cost related to treatment and disease impact. This study aimed to estimate the cost of illness related T2DM from the perspective of patients. This study applied a prevalence-based cost of illness study from the perspective of patients. Data of direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were collected by interviewing patients. The study involved patients covered by the national health insurance scheme as study respondents, which consisted of 96 patients visiting three public primary healthcare centres and 35 patients visiting a private secondary hospital in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. From the perspective of patients in Yogyakarta-Indonesia, the total cost of illness of T2DM within three months period was IDR 95,458 (USD 6.58) for patients at PHCs and IDR 340,159 (USD 23.46) for patients at the hospital, which were about 2% to 7% of the minimum wage rate. Indirect cost was the highest contribution of cost of illness (IDR 40,436/USD 2.79) to IDR 398,836/USD 17.63) and followed by direct medical cost (IDR 32,349/USD 2.23 to IDR 44,157/USD 3.05) and direct non-medical cost (IDR 22,673/USD 1.56 to IDR 40,334/USD 2.78). Cost of illness from out of pocket patients in this study was led by visits to other health facilities (the health facilities outside of study site) for obtaining health service related to T2DM disease. This study anticipated that T2DM had a consequence to out of the pocket cost of treatment and further productivity lost of patients and their caregivers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document