Demand Respond Program and Dynamic Thermal Rating System for Enhanced Power Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Khoo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Rating System ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Str System

This paper reviews the development of demand response (DR) and dynamic thermal rating (DTR) system for enhancing the operation and reliability of power system. The advantages and prospect of the DR program are discussed. The case for DTR system is established by comparing it against the traditional static thermal rating (STR) system. Various line monitoring methods and devices required for the implementation of the DTR system are presented. The challenges for deploying the DTR system from the perspective of selecting appropriate transmission lines for DTR deployment, identifying critical spans for deploying DTR sensors, managing the reliability of the DTR system, and the integration of the DTR system with existing and future power systems are discussed. Finally, the two main standards governing the operation of the DTR system, namely the IEEE 738 standard and the CIGRE standard are compared to elucidate the employability of the DTR system.

scholarly journals A Study on Optimal Power System Reinforcement Measures Following Renewable Energy Expansion

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Il Kwon ◽  
Yun-Sung Cho ◽  
Sang-Min Choi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reinforcement Measures

Renewable energy generation capacity in Korea is expected to reach about 63.8 GW by 2030 based on calculations using values from a power plan survey (Korea’s renewable energy power generation project plan implemented in September 2017) and the “3020” implementation plan prescribed in the 8th Basic Plan for Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand that was announced in 2017. In order for the electrical grid to accommodate this capacity, an appropriate power system reinforcement plan is critical. In this paper, a variety of scenarios are constructed involving renewable energy capacity, interconnection measures and reinforcement measures. Based on these scenarios, the impacts of large-scale renewable energy connections on the future power systems are analyzed and a reinforcement plan is proposed based on the system assessment results. First, the scenarios are categorized according to their renewable energy interconnection capacity and electricity supply and demand, from which a database is established. A dynamic model based on inverter-based resources is applied to the scenarios here. The transmission lines, high-voltage direct current and flexible alternating current transmission systems are reinforced to increase the stability and capabilities of the power systems considered here. Reinforcement measures are derived for each stage of renewable penetration based on static and dynamic analysis processes. As a result, when large-scale renewable energy has penetrated some areas in the future in Korean power systems, the most stable systems could be optimally configured by applying interconnection measure two and reinforcement measure two as described here. To verify the performance of the proposed methodology, in this paper, comprehensive tests are performed based on predicted large-scale power systems in 2026 and 2031. Database creation and simulation are performed semi-automatically here using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) and Python.

scholarly journals Optimal Coordination of Aggregated Hydro-Storage with Residential Demand Response in Highly Renewable Generation Power System: The Case Study of Finland

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arslan Bashir ◽  
Matti Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Generation Structure ◽  
Optimal Coordination ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Generation Power

Current energy policy-driven targets have led to increasing deployment of renewable energy sources in electrical grids. However, due to the limited flexibility of current power systems, the rapidly growing number of installations of renewable energy systems has resulted in rising levels of generation curtailments. This paper probes the benefits of simultaneously coordinating aggregated hydro-reservoir storage with residential demand response (DR) for mitigating both load and generation curtailments in highly renewable generation power systems. DR services are provided by electric water heaters, thermal storages, electric vehicles, and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) loads. Accordingly, an optimization model is presented to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply in the Finnish power system. The model considers proportions of base-load generation comprising nuclear, and combined heat and power (CHP) plants (both CHP-city and CHP-industry), as well as future penetration scenarios of solar and wind power that are constructed, reflecting the present generation structure in Finland. The findings show that DR coordinated with hydropower is an efficient curtailment mitigation tool given the uncertainty in renewable generation. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is also carried out to depict how higher penetration can reduce carbon emissions from electricity co-generation in the near future.

Investigation of Signal on Transmission Lines in Power System

2014 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Liang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Power Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Transient ◽  
Power System Harmonics

Single of phasor measurement unit (PMU) in smart grid is analyzed. On the power transmission links, single of voltage and current are measured by kinds of PMUs, messages of PMUs are concentrated to PDC (Phasor data concentrator) and super PDC in power systems. Signal quality is important to power transmission, power utilization and power control for stability a power system. Harmonics, inter-harmonics, decaying DC (direct current) offset, and additive white Gaussian noise are analyzed. Odd-number harmonics and inter-harmonics affect the quality of power signals. Decaying DC offsert components influence current signal of power transmission line whose model is modeled by EMTP (Electromagnetic transient program) worldwide. Noise is generally a negligible factor on power transmission lines, since signal-to-noise (SNR) is always below 40 dB.

scholarly journals Steady state stability in electrical power systems considering operation limits in generators, transformers and transmission lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Estuardo Tamayo Guzmán ◽  
Carlos Andrés Barrera-Singaña
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Capacity Curves ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Steady State Stability

Electrical power systems are exposed to several events that can cause unstable operation scenarios. This is due to improper operation of certain components. If an event occurs, the system must be designed to overcome that contingency, thus remaining in a permanent condition that must be evaluated in order to monitor and prevent a possible collapse of the system. An evaluation of steady state stability is proposed at this work based on the capacity curves of generators, transformers and transmission lines. These remarked curves provide information on the operation point of these elements, thus allowing the application of remedial actions. PowerFactory and Matlab are used to carry out the tool for monitoring the operation points after a contingency. The effectiveness of the developed tool is validated at the IEEE 39-bus power system model, where results shows that the functionalaty for different contingencies based on the operating conditions when the components of the power system are varied, cosnquently, the tool identifies cases that require actions at the operational level.

scholarly journals Load Flow Analysis in Hybrid AC-DC Transmission Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
Ajith M ◽  
Dr. R. Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
System Stability ◽  
And Control

Power-flow studies are of great significance in planning and designing the future expansion of power systems as well as in determining the best operation of existing systems. Technologies such as renewables and power electronics are aiding in power conversion and control, thus making the power system massive, complex, and dynamic. HVDC is being preferred due to limitations in HVAC such as reactive power loss, stability, current carrying capacity, operation and control. The HVDC system is being used for bulk power transmission over long distances with minimum losses using overhead transmission lines or submarine cable crossings. Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the number of the HVDC projects. Due to the vast size and inaccessibility of transmission systems, real time testing can prove to be difficult. Thus analyzing power system stability through computer modeling and simulation proves to be a viable solution in this case. The motivation of this project is to construct and analyze the load flow and short circuit behavior in an IEEE 14 bus power system with DC link using MATLAB software. This involves determining the parameters for converter transformer, rectifier, inverter and DC cable for modelling the DC link. The line chosen for incorporation of DC link is a weak bus. This project gives the results of load flow and along with comparison of reactive power flow, system losses, voltage in an AC and an AC-DC system.

scholarly journals Modelling the Integration of Residential Heat Demand and Demand Response in Power Systems with High Shares of Renewables

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6628
Author(s):  
Chiara Magni ◽  
Alessia Arteconi ◽  
Konstantinos Kavvadias ◽  
Sylvain Quoilin
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Heat Demand

The EU aims to become the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050. In order to meet this target, the integration of high shares of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in the energy system is of primary importance. Nevertheless, the large deployment of variable renewable sources such as wind and photovoltaic power will pose important challenges in terms of power management. For this reason, increasing the system flexibility will be crucial to ensure the security of supply in future power systems. This work investigates the flexibility potential obtainable from the diffusion of Demand Response (DR) programmes applied to residential heating for different renewables penetration and power system configuration scenarios. To that end, a bottom-up model for residential heat demand and flexible electric heating systems (heat pumps and electric water heaters) is developed and directly integrated into Dispa-SET, an existing unit commitment optimal dispatch model of the power system. The integrated model is calibrated for the case of Belgium and different simulations are performed varying the penetration and type of residential heating technologies, installed renewables capacity and capacity mix. Results show that, at country level, operational cost could be reduced up to €35 million and curtailment up to 1 TWh per year with 1 million flexible electric heating systems installed. These benefits are significantly reduced when nuclear power plants (non-flexible) are replaced by gas-fired units (flexible) and grow when more renewable capacity is added. Moreover, when the number of flexible heating systems increases, a saturation effect of the flexibility is observed.

scholarly journals Fast frequency oscillations detection in low inertia power systems with excessive demand-side response for frequency regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Leo Casasola-Aignesberger ◽  
◽  
Sergio Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Demand Side Response ◽  
System Inertia

The reduction in inertia present in electric power systems due to the increase in renewable generation interfaced with power converters presents various challenges in power system operation. One of these challenges is keeping the frequency of the system within acceptable bounds, as the reduced inertia allows faster changes in frequency. A possible way to mitigate this effect is to introduce a certain degree of frequency response in the demand side, in such a way that a loss in generation leads to a decrease in the demanded power, levelling the generation-demand balance. In this paper, one limitation of this approach is analysed, specifically the case where the demand response is excessive to the system inertia and demand, producing fast frequency oscillations. A scenario where this happens, on a simulated islanded system based on the electric power system of the island of San Cristóbal, in Galápagos (Ecuador), is studied, and a method of detecting these oscillations is proposed, as a first step to develop an appropriate response to them.

Fuel Cost Optimization of Power Systems Inclouding HVDC Line

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 1788-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Abdi ◽  
Arash Alimardani ◽  
Reza Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
Hvdc Transmission Lines

Effect of HVDC transmission lines in a power system on different optimal power flow (OPF) objective functions is discussed in this paper. In this study differential evolution optimization algorithm is applied in AC-DC OPF problem, and compared with OPF in the same power system with no HVDC transmission lines to demonstrate the effect of this type of transmission line on the objective functions. In OPF problem definition, generator fuel cost considering valve effect is considered as objective function. The results of the proposed method on IEEE 30-bus power system illustrate that HVDC transmission lines improves the OPF from fuel cost point of view.

scholarly journals Power system voltage instability risk mitigation via emergency demand response-based whale optimization algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amroune ◽  
Tarek Bouktir ◽  
Ismail Musirin
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Whale Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Voltage Instability ◽  
Whale Optimization

AbstractIn recent years, due to the economic and environmental issues, modern power systems often operate proximately to the technical restraints enlarging the probable level of instability risks. Hence, efficient methods for voltage instability prevention are of great importance to power system companies to avoid the risk of large blackouts. In this paper, an event-driven emergency demand response (EEDR) strategy based on whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is proposed to effectively improve system voltage stability. The main objective of the proposed EEDR approach is to maintain voltage stability margin (VSM) in an acceptable range during emergency situations by driving the operating condition of the power system away from the insecure points. The optimal locations and amounts of load reductions have been determined using WOA algorithm. To test the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed method, simulation studies are carried out on the IEEE 14-bus and real Algerian 114-bus power systems.

scholarly journals Optimal Connection of Offshore Wind Farm with Maximization of Wind Capacity to Power Systems considering Losses and Security Constraints

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro A. Vasconcelos ◽  
João A. Passos Filho ◽  
Leonardo W. de Oliveira ◽  
Othon F. Avila
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Maximum Penetration ◽  
Definition Of

The technical, economic, and environmental constraints related to the construction of new transmission lines are complex issues related to the definition of points for connecting new offshore wind farms (OWFs) to the grid. In this context, it has become an important research topic to choose the best OWF connection point to a power system, among some geographically close to each other within a given region, aiming at ensuring maximum generation capacity of the wind farm and safe use of existing transmission network. The objective of this work is to present a methodology to determine the optimal OWF connection point in a power system, with maximum penetration of firm wind power and minimum loss, considering security constraints related to the “N−1” contingency criterion, exchange limits between areas, and a strategy to reduce the number of constraints in the optimization problem. The algorithm is modeled using a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP), and it is evaluated in a tutorial system and three well-known other networks from literature: IEEE 14-Bus, IEEE RTS-79, and Southern Brazilian System.

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