scholarly journals “Written barracks.” On the Production and Circulation of Newsletters in the Internment Camps of Southwest France

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 90-110
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Adámez Castro
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
Variety Of Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
Political Groups

Around half a million Spanish exiles crossed the French border in the  Pyrenees between January and February of 1939. They were looking for shelter in anticipation of the overthrow of the Spanish Second Republic. The reception of the exiles in France was rather hostile, and approximately a quarter of a million of them were locked up in internment or concentration camps that French authorities improvised or reactivated camps of WWI. The exiles were defeated and they were deprived of freedom and forced to live in insalubrious conditions. The refugees used writing and culture as a strategy to resist, and as a means to hang on to their personal, familial, social and ideological identities. As a result of their cultural activity, a wide range of newsletters and diaries were edited in the internment camps despite the scarcity of resources. The refugees used these writings as a means of entertainment but also to spread their own doctrines. This article analyzes some 30 newsletters produced by a variety of groups in the camps: political groups, which were mostly linked to the field of education, different intellectuals and members of the International Brigades. The main goal of this work is to disentangle how the newsletters were produced, discuss the aims of the different publications and show how the texts were circulated and exchanged within the internment camps. Ultimately, the purpose of this work is to demonstrate the meaning of these communications for their authors and their readers and examine how the texts were used to reconstruct their lost identity.

Udział kobiet w działalności prawotwórczej Senatu II Rzeczypospolitej

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Groups

At the end of World War I, in many European countries women won the active and passive right to vote. Poland was one of the first countries, where women were allowed to participate in political life. Already at the time of establishing the Legislative Sejm (1919) the first women-MPs took their seats in Parliament. Similarly, the situation presented itself in the case of the Senate. During its first session (1922) women participated in the works of the upper chamber. The purpose of this paper is to present the participation of women in the legislative work of the Senate in various terms of office. The participation of women in the legislative work of Parliament was characterized by their involvement in issues concerning education or social services, while avoiding participation in the legislative work or that dealing with political matters. The situation presented itself differently as regards women’s involvement in the work of the Senate. A good example here was the activity of Dorota Kałuszyńska, who – during the work on the so called April Constitution of 1935 – not only participated in it very actively, but also ruthlessly attacked the then ruling camp. Another very interesting episode related to activities of women in the Senate was an informal covenant during the work on the bill to limit the sale, administration and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Belonging to different political groups: the said D. Kłuszyńska as a representative of the Polish Socialist Party, Helena Kisielewska from the Bloc of National Minorities and Hanna Hubicka of BBWR [the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government] unanimously criticized the regulations in force, which – in their opinion – did not fulfill their role when it came to anti-alcohol protection. The participation of women as far as their number was concerned was indeed small, but the Senate (like Parliament) of the Second Republic functioned in the period when women had just begun their activity on the legislative forum. Undoubtedly, it was a very interesting period, in which women had the benefit in the form of gaining their parliamentary experience. For example, it gave rise to subsequent activities of Dorota Kłuszyńska, who actively participated in the legislative works of the Sejm in the years 1947–1952, dealing with social issues or family.

Curious, Elegant, and Useful Articles

The Mentelles ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Paul Runyon
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Henry Clay

This chapter describes commercial and cultural activity in Lexington between 1807 and 1817 as seen through the eyes of several visitors and contemporary newspapers. Waldemar opens his own "commission store," selling a wide range of items from groceries to household furnishings, alcohol, musical instruments, and toys. From 1808 to 1810, Charlotte teaches geography, astronomy, dancing, and French at Mary Beck's School. In 1817, Waldemar abandons the ups and downs of commerce for a steadier income as porter for the Lexington branch of the Second National Bank, through the intervention of Henry Clay. In the summer of 1820 Charlotte announces that she is opening her own school, Mentelle's for Young Ladies.

The Second Republic: Austria Seen as a Continuum

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 17-43
Author(s):  
Dieter A. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Social Democrat ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Way

TheOldAustrofascists returned from the concentration camps and from their time of suffering and brought back with them some democratic convictions. That was the “Austrian miracle,” as Leopold Figl used to say. Those on the Left who had emigrated remained mostly wherever they were, for safety's sake. Only a few returned to their homeland, where, in the beginning, they were not very welcome. In the distressful postwar situation, the politicians, all of whose reputations had become somewhat tarnished since 1934, remembered an aging Social Democrat who was beyond suspicion, a politician who in 1918 had already founded a “Republic of German-Austria’ and who, because of his consistent call for the annexation (Anschluβ) of Austria by Germany, had lived through the Nazi period unmolested in Gloggnitz. That is how Karl Renner first became federal chancellor and later was elected president of Austria. Under pressure from the Allies he discarded his pet idea of Anschluβ, became an Austrian in his old age, and was eventually honored with a monument by Alfred Hrdlička that all of Austria mocked because it was created by a “Communist,” and because it portrayed the sovereign [Landesvater] the way he really looked.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODICAL FEATURES OF THE ACTIVITY OF STUDENT SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, ORIENTED TO PERSONAL SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Elena Igorevna PANKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The University

The research is aimed at identifying organizational and methodological approaches to the organization of social and cultural activities, oriented to the student’s self-development. Student scientific society is characterized as a special kind of amateur organization, which opens wide opportunities for self-development and self-realization of students as young professionals. All the activities carried out by student scientific societies are classified into research and scientific and organizational ones. On the basis of the analysis of the materials of mass communication, priority areas in the work of student scientific societies are identified: scientific, exhibition, presentation, excursion, discussion, competitive, educational, recreational, artistic and mass events, intellectual and business games, as well as the organization of the work of profile student media. It is noted that the development of intercultural interaction is an important direction of the social and cultural activity of student scientific societies. This is manifested in the organization of the work of international friendship clubs, associations of national compatriots, carrying out activities aimed at acquaintance with the culture, traditions and national peculiarities of the peoples whose representatives study at the university. Student scientific societies are positioned as active subjects of social and cultural activity, carrying out a variety of targeted and content oriented work with a wide range of organizational forms.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Brundin ◽  
Deborah Howard ◽  
Mary Laven
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Fundamental Unit ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Cultural Activity ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Religious Dimensions

The importance of the Italian Renaissance home as a fundamental unit of society and a dynamic site of cultural activity is often acknowledged. This book turns instead to consider the religious dimensions of domestic life. The introduction discusses the pre-existing scholarship out of which The Sacred Home has grown, paying particular attention to the divergent historiographies relating to the early modern household in Protestant and Catholic Europe. Here the rationale behind the chronological and geographical framework of the book is explained, and the nature of its interdisciplinary approach is outlined. By drawing on a wide range of textual, visual, and material sources, The Sacred Home explores domestic devotion across the spectrum of Italian Renaissance society.

scholarly journals Hungarian Troops in World War II: The Bitter Truth of Archival Documents and an Attempt at Revision

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Krausz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
First World

This article is not primarily focused on presenting arguments and views held by Polish political groups with reference to the territorial shape of the Polish state after the First World War. Instead, its aim is to draw attention to actions taken by these groups towards the defence of Polish western lands. One of the key problems of Poland’s foreign policy after 1918 was the question of relations with its neighbours, chiefly Germany and Russia (and the Soviet Union). For many years, the most serious problem faced by post-Versailles Europe was that of the Germans striving to revise the legal order, to break their political isolation, and return to the prestigious circle of world powers. Those endeavours threatened the security of Poland in a direct way. Defence of the Polish state and its territories on the western outskirts of the Second Republic lay at the heart of establishing socalled “Western thought” in the country. Related to Western Europe, this ideology played a significant role in shaping society’s views on, and attitudes towards, the most vital problems of the Polish nation and state.

scholarly journals Lifelong Political Socialization, Consciousness and Political Agency in Israel Today

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-372
Author(s):  
Dirk Michel
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Middle East Conflict ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Second World

This article deals with the nexus between biographical experiences in political extraordinary times of crisis, disaster and terror and their influence on political orientations. At the centre of interest is the reconstruction of political orientations related to two different historical-political groups of Jewish Germans who had immigrated or escaped either to Palestine before May 1948 or to the State of Israel after the Second World War. The first group of German Zionists emigrated to Israel at the time of the British Mandate and the second group were German Jews who survived the German concentration camps. The extraordinary background of the life courses, i.e. the ‘Zionist period’ in Palestine or the German concentration camps, were the historical-political experiences that both groups had to face in their childhood and youth. These extraordinary life experiences are analysed in connection with their political attitudes regarding contemporary Israeli internal politics as well as political questions dealing with the Middle East conflict.

Nazi Camps and their Neighbouring Communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Whatmore-Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Post War ◽  
Nazi Camps

Across Europe the Nazis established their concentration camps close to local communities. These communities were not perpetrators like the Nazis or victims like the internees. Yet they did not simply stand by aloof, untouched by the presence of such institutions. During the war local populations interacted with their nearby camps, willingly and unwillingly facilitating operations for the perpetrators as well as aiding inmates. Afterwards, the camps were often reused as internment camps, then as prisons, military compounds, or housing encampments. Over time, many were transformed into sites of memory to mark Nazi persecution. The fates of camps were often determined by governments and groups of survivors, but the steps taken to achieve those ends occurred on local territory and had direct implications for localized communities. Locals, therefore, continued to interact with camp legacies. Adopting a micro-historical comparative approach, this book examines how local populations evolved to live with ‘their’ Nazi camps. Using three case studies of major camps in Western Europe—Natzweiler-Struthof, Neuengamme, and Vught—it evaluates the different sorts of locality–camp relationships that developed in France, Germany, and the Netherlands during wartime, and how these played out in post-war scenarios of reuse and memorialization. It traces the contested developments of these camp sites in the changing political climates of the post-war years, and explores the interrelationships between local and national memory. These local communities were commonly scarred by their proximity to atrocity, but the nature of their involvements in the aftermath of the camps has varied significantly.

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