Udział kobiet w działalności prawotwórczej Senatu II Rzeczypospolitej

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Groups

At the end of World War I, in many European countries women won the active and passive right to vote. Poland was one of the first countries, where women were allowed to participate in political life. Already at the time of establishing the Legislative Sejm (1919) the first women-MPs took their seats in Parliament. Similarly, the situation presented itself in the case of the Senate. During its first session (1922) women participated in the works of the upper chamber. The purpose of this paper is to present the participation of women in the legislative work of the Senate in various terms of office. The participation of women in the legislative work of Parliament was characterized by their involvement in issues concerning education or social services, while avoiding participation in the legislative work or that dealing with political matters. The situation presented itself differently as regards women’s involvement in the work of the Senate. A good example here was the activity of Dorota Kałuszyńska, who – during the work on the so called April Constitution of 1935 – not only participated in it very actively, but also ruthlessly attacked the then ruling camp. Another very interesting episode related to activities of women in the Senate was an informal covenant during the work on the bill to limit the sale, administration and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Belonging to different political groups: the said D. Kłuszyńska as a representative of the Polish Socialist Party, Helena Kisielewska from the Bloc of National Minorities and Hanna Hubicka of BBWR [the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government] unanimously criticized the regulations in force, which – in their opinion – did not fulfill their role when it came to anti-alcohol protection. The participation of women as far as their number was concerned was indeed small, but the Senate (like Parliament) of the Second Republic functioned in the period when women had just begun their activity on the legislative forum. Undoubtedly, it was a very interesting period, in which women had the benefit in the form of gaining their parliamentary experience. For example, it gave rise to subsequent activities of Dorota Kłuszyńska, who actively participated in the legislative works of the Sejm in the years 1947–1952, dealing with social issues or family.

The Beginning of the Debate on the Codification of Polish Law after the World War I: The Issue of the Codification Commission Autonomy in the Light of Political Declarations

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Michał Gałędek
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Law

The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideological basis of concepts that underpinned the establishment of the Codification Commission by virtue of the Act of 3 June 1919 and to assess its position within the system of authorities of the Second Republic of Poland. The author has found that the issues around shaping the relations of the Codification Commission with the Government and the Sejm have been covered in literature of the subject in a one-sided manner. Authors who have devoted their attention to the issue of autonomy of the Codification Commission formulated their evaluations based on the interpretation of the regulations in the drafts of the Act that established the Commission, as well as on their subsequent application that enabled the restriction of this autonomy. They did not, however, sufficiently account for the ideological declarations, thus in fact rejecting the deputies’ assertions of their striving to ensure “complete autonomy and self-sufficiency” of the Codification Commission, and the Government’s affirmations that it did not aim to “subject” the Commission to its control. Meanwhile, the author’s intention is to show that there was a widespread consensus at the time, especially at the Sejm, which sovereignly decided on the wording of the Act on the Codification Commission, that deputies had adopted a law that sufficiently protected the autonomous status of the Commission and its apolitical nature.

scholarly journals A Realist Interpretation of Chika Unigwe's On Black Sisters' Street

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Laura Haruna-Banke ◽  
Iorwuese Gogo
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
The Social ◽  
Realist Interpretation ◽  
The Government

This paper is a realist interpretation of Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street. The text is considered for study here because it dwells on the popular, the modern and social issues that define realist works. The paper involves realism of subject-matter and social realism as its theoretical tools for the evaluation of the research subject. Realism of subject-matter deals with themes that are common to society while social realism looks at the poor social conditions of the middle and lower classes. The paper is a qualitative research and it is based on a content analysis of the select text for study. The paper probes the ugly life of four young girls in Nigeria who are trafficked into Antwerp, Belgium, to work as prostitutes and earn income for their traffickers. The girls suffer from sexual abuse and deceit from their parents and older men. They undergo hardship as a result of lack of proper parental care, unemployment, insecurity and poor social services which make them frustrated. All of these make their lives vulnerable. Therefore, the study concludes that, well placed individuals, parents, civil society organizations and the government should make efforts to improve and secure the lives of vulnerable young women in Nigeria in order to help them escape from their vulnerabilities. Also, the novel’s authentic representation of life and society and its focus on character more than plot, including its attention to the lower class, the social and the contemporary issues fits it into the realist agenda. 

scholarly journals The struggle against poverty, unemployment and social injustice in present-day South Africa: Exploring the involvement of the Dutch Reformed Church at congregational level

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marichen Van der Westhuizen ◽  
Ignatius Swart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dutch Reformed Church

This article is based on an exploration of the involvement of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) at congregational level in the struggle against poverty, unemployment and social injustice in present-day South Africa. The exploration arises from the thesis that South African citizens continue to regard poverty, unemployment and social injustice as the key challenges to be met in order to build a healthy nation. Historically, the DRC acted as a prominent partner of the government to address the basic needs of the poor and the sick, especially among the country’s white population. But the structural and social changes that followed the transformation to the new democratic South Africa impacted significantly on this partnership. This in turn required that the role of the DRC in addressing social issues in the country be revisited. The essential purpose of this article is, firstly, to provide better insight into the nature and extent of the current social services rendered by congregations of the DRC in addressing the challenges of poverty, unemployment and social injustice; and secondly, from this vantage point, to present some recommendations in conclusion on how the DRC could, in terms of its own striving towards even deeper and more effective social engagement, further enhance its contribution to address the identified challenges at congregational level.

scholarly journals The Growth of Women’s Role in the Iranian Parliament since the Islamic Revolution of 1979

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Samira Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Women Rights

This article discusses the position of women in Iranian political life, enhancing the role of Iranian women policy, the story of their political struggle for the rightful place and role in the country’s political arena, as well as the results achieved by women in public organizations of Iran. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, based on the legitimacy of women’ rights and political participation, the rules and laws in Iran have been reviewed and changes have been made in respect of political rights and participation in the government of this gender group. The article deals with the problem of political participation of women in contemporary Iran, as well as the issue of enhancing their role in the parliament as one of the most important political institutions of the country.

scholarly journals Waqf Corporate Role to Enhance the Social Entrepreneurship in the Egyptian Community: Problems and Remedies

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omran Aly El Awagy
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
The Government

For decades, Egypt -as many developing counties- suffers from various social issues as poverty, illiteracy and the decline of public service provision as healthcare, education, potable water and sewage. In spite of all the consecutive government efforts to confront such social dilemmas, the constituents of different locality in Egypt still feel the discrepancy and decay of quality for many social services proposed by the government.In fact, many challenges are hindering the government strategic path to overcome such social issues as the scarcity of financial and physical resources, deplorable bureaucracy crippled by red tapes, lack of competent human resources, escalated number of population and embedded corruption. Thereby, the people whined from social injustice due to the government failure in realizing a just national wealth distribution.    Hence, social entrepreneurship emerged -from the twentieth century endings- as an alternate option to resolve inadequate government performance and to improve the quality and the delivery of social services. Whereby, this can be realized by mobilizing personal properties to be allocated to public affairs in the context of people cooperation and voluntary participation values. Such process of social entrepreneurship had to take place within an entity/corporation -as non-governmental organizations NGOs- (social entrepreneur) able to manage its activities effectively realizing an adequate  model of  actions within the organization (intrapreneurship/internal entrepreneurship). This paper, therefore, explores, discusses and analyzes the role of waqf corporate as a good example for social entrepreneurs who have played a significant role of providing opportunities in sharing the government’s fiscal needs and improving the communities and nation welfare throughout history in many countries. Waqf corporate has a potential to become one of the effective tools regarding the socioeconomic realm in the Egyptian community; whereby it can benefit the community in term of education, health care, national security, social justice, transportation facilities, basic infrastructure, foods and job opportunities.   Keywords: Corporate waqf, Social entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, Egyptian community.

Development and destruction of the liberal prison system in Spain: a general framework for studying the topic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Luis Gargallo Vaamonde
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

During the Restoration and the Second Republic, up until the outbreak of the Civil War, the prison system that was developed in Spain had a markedly liberal character. This system had begun to acquire robustness and institutional credibility from the first dec- ade of the 20th Century onwards, reaching a peak in the early years of the government of the Second Republic. This process resulted in the establishment of a penitentiary sys- tem based on the widespread and predominant values of liberalism. That liberal belief system espoused the defence of social harmony, property and the individual, and penal practices were constructed on the basis of those principles. Subsequently, the Civil War and the accompanying militarist culture altered the prison system, transforming it into an instrument at the service of the conflict, thereby wiping out the liberal agenda that had been nurtured since the mid-19th Century.

INFLUENCE OF THE TAX SYSTEM ON POLITICAL LIFE IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE KOKAND KHANATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ilyoskhon Burhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Tax System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The article begins with writing about the scientists who conducted a study on the history of the Kokand Khanate. The article writes the taxation of the Kokand Khan and raising taxes, people protest against the government of Kokand, as a result it had a significant impact on political life

Analysis of Impacts Malaysia's Territorial Limitation (Lockdown) Policy on Indonesia-Malaysia Border Area, Sanggau District

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
Ira Patriani
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Virus Spreading ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Collection Methods

Border areas, is one of affected area on COVID_19 this present. Many of people cn not go out as usually, adding almost each country has to implement their territorial limitation (lockdown policy) to minimalize this virus spreading. One of Malaysia State, where very close and get direct border with Indonesia. This research took place at Sanggau District, Entikong, Gun Tembawang Village.The research approach used is qualitative, using data collection methods in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation supported by interviews with the theoretical approach to the negative and positive aspects on policy implementation. Research results, The results stated that the lockdown activities of Malaysia which were affected by the corona virus outbreak needed to be carried out in an effort to minimize the spread of the virus outbreak. Although of course it has a negative impact on the country's economic structure, social issues and other sector. In implementing this lockdown, there is a need for cooperation between the government and the community as well as an agreement with neighboring countries in terms of the mobility of residents closest to each other's territory on exemptions in order to realize social welfare and public health without limiting the origin of the state, religion, community and profession. Especially in border areas where mobility and kinship ties have always been closer than in other regions. Keywords: Border area, lockdown policy, covid_19

Systems of Governance and Politics of Opposition in the Super-Rentiers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Freer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Rentier States

This chapter provides a critical background on the country cases by examining their brief political histories as independent states. It also gives critical information about the legal frameworks of such states to highlight where and how Islamist groups can act in these states. By providing such descriptions, this chapter demonstrates the extent to which these states, in regime or popular politics, either adhere or fail to adhere to the government type and political environment normally associated with the rentier state. The chapter also reveals critical commonalities among the super-rentier states—they are governed by powerful ruling families; institutionalized political life is hampered; and civil society and political life remain largely informal—while also indicating their differences, which arose in light of their differing sociocultural and economic backgrounds.

Development of John Dewey’s educational philosophy and its implications for children’s education

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032098767
Author(s):  
Yan–Hong Ye ◽  
Yi-Huang Shih
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
World War ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
Continuous Use

This study explores the role of John Dewey’s educational philosophy before and after World War I. Before World War I, Dewey’s educational philosophy emphasized individualized and socialized development for learners, importance of children’s education, and encouragement of diverse and creative educational measures. Although these views did not change significantly after World War I, Dewey reflected on the connection between education and social life to allow teachers to fulfill their social responsibilities and to integrate various social issues into teaching regimes to inspire children and create a habit of exploring experience. This study concludes that a democratic education allows children to participate in the problem–solving process, that continuous use of real social issues enhances democratic literacy for children, and that the quality of children’s education depends on teachers’ commitment to social responsibility.

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