Empirically supported psychological treatments: The challenges of comorbid psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability

In this chapter we review the empirical foundation for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reproessing Therapy (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder. We present a brief description of the therapy, critically review recent primary and meta-analytic investigations concerning its efficacy and effectiveness, offer a summary of recent primary investigations that addressed the mechanism of action for EMDR, and based on this overall review, we suggest limitations with recommendations for future research. Recent empirical investigations of the efficacy of EMDR have improved along a number of important dimensions, and these along with the few completed effectiveness trials, position this therapy among evidence-based frontline interventions for PTSD. What is less thoroughly researched, and thus less well understood, are putative models of its theoretical mechanism of action. In addition to continuing specific improvements in research concerning efficacy and effectiveness, we recommend more and higher quality empirical studies of its mechanism of action.

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Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: Cognitive Processing Therapy

The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399066.013.0030 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 438-448

Author(s):

Kathleen M. Chard ◽

Jennifer Schuster Wachen ◽

Patricia A. Resick

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Treatment Effectiveness ◽

Future Research ◽

Cognitive Processing Therapy ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Psychological Treatments ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Health Related ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) has been recognized by the Institute of Medicine (2007) as one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. This chapter provides a brief overview of the CPT session content, the underlying mechanisms of the therapy, a review of the empirically based literature outlining the treatment effectiveness, limitations of the therapy, and areas of future research. In addition, the authors discuss the utility of the various versions of CPT, including cognitive only (CPT-C), group, individual, and combination. Further the research supporting the effectiveness of CPT for treating PTSD related to a variety of traumas, (e.g., combat, child abuse, and rape) and the significant impact CPT can have in areas of mental health related to PTSD (e.g., anger, guilt, social functioning) are described.

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The Effort to Identify Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments and Its Implications for Clinical Research, Practice, and Training: Commentary on Papers by Lester Luborsky and Hans H. Strupp

Psychoanalytic Dialogues ◽

10.1080/10481881109348633 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 635-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sidney J. Blatt

Keyword(s):

Clinical Research ◽

Research Practice ◽

Psychological Treatments ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

And Training

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Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease ◽

10.1097/nmd.0000000000000188 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 202 (10) ◽

pp. 699-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Dawson Church ◽

David Feinstein ◽

Julie Palmer-Hoffman ◽

Phyllis K. Stein ◽

Anthony Tranguch

Keyword(s):

Psychological Treatments ◽

Empirically Supported

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Psychiatric disorders in children with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458517719150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1243-1250 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Julia Pakpoor ◽

Raph Goldacre ◽

Klaus Schmierer ◽

Gavin Giovannoni ◽

Emmanuelle Waubant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Mental Health Professionals ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Somatoform Disorders ◽

Demyelinating Diseases ◽

Hospital Episode

Introduction: The profile of psychiatric disorders associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) may differ in children. We aimed to assess the risk of psychiatric disorders in children with MS and other demyelinating diseases, and vice versa. Patients and methods: We analyzed linked English Hospital Episode Statistics, and mortality data, 1999–2011. Cohorts were constructed of children admitted with MS and other central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases. We searched for any subsequent episode of care with psychiatric disorders in these cohorts and compared to a reference cohort. Results: Children with CNS demyelinating diseases had an increased rate of psychotic disorders (rate ratio (RR) = 5.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.48–11.41)); anxiety, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (RR = 2.38 (1.39–3.81)); intellectual disability (RR = 6.56 (3.66–10.84)); and other behavioral disorders (RR = 8.99 (5.13–14.62)). In analysis of the pediatric MS cohort as the exposure, there were elevated rates of psychotic disorders (RR = 10.76 (2.93–27.63)), mood disorders (RR = 2.57 (1.03–5.31)), and intellectual disability (RR = 6.08 (1.25–17.80)). In reverse analyses, there were elevated rates of a recorded hospital episode with CNS demyelinating disease after a previous recorded episode with anxiety, stress-related, and somatoform disorders; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); autism; intellectual disability; and other behavioral disorders. Conclusion: This analysis of a national diagnostic database provides strong evidence for an association between pediatric CNS demyelinating diseases and psychiatric disorders, and highlights a need for early involvement of mental health professionals.

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Behavioral Disorders in Adolescents with Mild Intellectual Disability

Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation ◽

10.2478/jser-2013-000810.2478 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zoran Kitkanj ◽

Emilija Georgieva

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Mild Intellectual Disability

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Promising Psychological Treatments

The Oxford Handbook of Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399066.013.0032 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 462-472

Author(s):

Megan C. Kearns ◽

Barbara Olasov Rothbaum

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Pharmacological Treatments ◽

Psychological Treatments ◽

Empirically Supported ◽

Family Based ◽

The Many ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Important Progress

Exposure to traumatic events is highly prevalent, which has led to the creation of multiple psychosocial and pharmacological treatment approaches for individuals who subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the availability of existing empirically supported treatments for PTSD, research indicates that a significant subset of patients fail to respond to treatment. As a result, there is a great need for the development of novel and innovative treatments that can address the diverse needs of individuals with trauma histories and that can alleviate symptoms of traumatic stress in a greater number of individuals. The following chapter outlines numerous promising treatments, including couple and family-based approaches, technological approaches, emotion-based therapies, pharmacological treatments, and treatments designed to address comorbidity. Although many of these approaches are in preliminary stages of development and require further study, they represent important progress in helping clinicians better serve the many needs of individuals with PTSD.

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