Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: EMDR

2012 ◽  
pp. 448-462
Author(s):  
C. Richard Spates ◽  
Sophie Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Theoretical Mechanism ◽  
Effectiveness Trials ◽  
Empirical Foundation

In this chapter we review the empirical foundation for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reproessing Therapy (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder. We present a brief description of the therapy, critically review recent primary and meta-analytic investigations concerning its efficacy and effectiveness, offer a summary of recent primary investigations that addressed the mechanism of action for EMDR, and based on this overall review, we suggest limitations with recommendations for future research. Recent empirical investigations of the efficacy of EMDR have improved along a number of important dimensions, and these along with the few completed effectiveness trials, position this therapy among evidence-based frontline interventions for PTSD. What is less thoroughly researched, and thus less well understood, are putative models of its theoretical mechanism of action. In addition to continuing specific improvements in research concerning efficacy and effectiveness, we recommend more and higher quality empirical studies of its mechanism of action.

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: EMDR Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad de Jongh ◽  
Erik ten Broeke ◽  
Derek Farrell ◽  
Louise Maxfield
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Emdr Therapy

This chapter provides an overview of the current empirical support for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been included in international treatment guidelines as an evidence-based and recommended treatment for this condition. It first provides a brief description of EMDR therapy, which is a standardized, eight-phase, trauma-focused therapy, involving the use of “bilateral” physical stimulation (eye movements, taps or tones). The scientific support for its efficacy is reviewed, particularly in comparison with its most crucial trauma-focused comparator (i.e., trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy). Finally, the chapter discusses research into the mechanism of action of EMDR therapy.

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: Cognitive Processing Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Chard ◽  
Jennifer Schuster Wachen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Processing Therapy ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has been recognized by recent clinical practice guidelines as one of the most effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter provides a brief overview of the CPT session content, the underlying mechanisms of the therapy, a review of the empirically based literature outlining the treatment effectiveness, limitations of the therapy, and areas of future research. In addition, the authors discuss the utility of the various versions of CPT, including CPT+Account, group, individual, and combination. Further, the research supporting the effectiveness of CPT for treating PTSD related to a variety of traumas (e.g., combat, child abuse, and rape) and the significant impact CPT can have in areas of mental health related to PTSD (e.g., anger, guilt, social functioning) are described.

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: Cognitive Processing Therapy

2012 ◽  
pp. 438-448
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Chard ◽  
Jennifer Schuster Wachen ◽  
Patricia A. Resick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Processing Therapy ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) has been recognized by the Institute of Medicine (2007) as one of the most effective treatments for PTSD. This chapter provides a brief overview of the CPT session content, the underlying mechanisms of the therapy, a review of the empirically based literature outlining the treatment effectiveness, limitations of the therapy, and areas of future research. In addition, the authors discuss the utility of the various versions of CPT, including cognitive only (CPT-C), group, individual, and combination. Further the research supporting the effectiveness of CPT for treating PTSD related to a variety of traumas, (e.g., combat, child abuse, and rape) and the significant impact CPT can have in areas of mental health related to PTSD (e.g., anger, guilt, social functioning) are described.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

The Primer on Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders provides new practitioners and trainees, as well as experienced clinicians and researchers, with the needed translational and evidence-based information for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD and closely related disorders. The translational and evidence-based approach presented in the Primer is the state-of-the-art for clinicians and basic scientists, linking empirically supported practices with their theoretical, neurobiological, and epidemiological bases. The international experts in the field bring outstanding depth and breadth to the topic.Trauma affects millions of children, adolescents and adults, with manifestations including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, traumatic grief or persistent complex bereavement disorder, adjustment disorder, and reactive attachment and disinhibited social engagement disorders. Trauma- and stressor-related disorders are the only diagnoses requiring a traumatic or stressful event. They affect millions of people worldwide due to abuse, accidents, disasters, refugee status, genocide, and war. Genetic, neurobiological, diagnostic, and treatment research explores the causative linkages to developmental trauma, and other mental and physical conditions. These disabling disorders predict high risk of depression, medical-surgical problems, substance abuse, suicidal behavior, anxiety and dissociative disorders.To address these common and often comorbid conditions, Drs. Frederick J. Stoddard Jr., David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano present an up-to-date expertly edited volume to provide mental health students, trainees, and professionals with critical information, plus updates on the new advances in the field and illustrative cases.

Promising Psychological Treatments

2012 ◽  
pp. 462-472
Author(s):  
Megan C. Kearns ◽  
Barbara Olasov Rothbaum
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Many ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Important Progress

Exposure to traumatic events is highly prevalent, which has led to the creation of multiple psychosocial and pharmacological treatment approaches for individuals who subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the availability of existing empirically supported treatments for PTSD, research indicates that a significant subset of patients fail to respond to treatment. As a result, there is a great need for the development of novel and innovative treatments that can address the diverse needs of individuals with trauma histories and that can alleviate symptoms of traumatic stress in a greater number of individuals. The following chapter outlines numerous promising treatments, including couple and family-based approaches, technological approaches, emotion-based therapies, pharmacological treatments, and treatments designed to address comorbidity. Although many of these approaches are in preliminary stages of development and require further study, they represent important progress in helping clinicians better serve the many needs of individuals with PTSD.

scholarly journals VEIKSMINGI PSICHOLOGINĖS PAGALBOS BŪDAI PSICHOTRAUMATOLOGIJOJE

Psichologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kazlauskas
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

Straipsnyje analizuojamas psichologinės pagalbos būdų suaugusiems asmenims psichotraumatolo­gijoje veiksmingumas. Įsigilinus į 1998–2012 m. paskelbtas metaanalizes, sistemines apžvalgas, geros praktikos vadovus, daromos išvados, kad daugelis tyrimų patvirtina trumpalaikės į traumą orientuotos kognityviosios elgesio terapijos bei nujautrinimo akių judesiais ir perdirbimo (EMDR) terapijos veiksmin­gumą potrauminio streso sutrikimų turintiems asmenims. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad asmenims iš kar­to po trauminio įvykio nerekomenduojama taikyti formalias psichosocialinės intervencijos procedūras, kaip antai psichologinis susirinkimas (angl. debriefing). Yra mokslinių įrodymų, kad trumpalaikė eklekti­nė terapija (BEPP), internetu teikiamos pagalbos ar virtualios realybės taikymo metodai gali veiksmingai padėti asmenims, kurie turi potrauminio streso sutrikimą. Straipsnyje aptariamos tyrimais paremtų psi­chologinės pagalbos metodų diegimo psichotraumatologijos praktikoje problemos. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: psichologinė trauma, potrauminio streso sutrikimas, pagalbos veiksmingumas.   EFFECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENTS IN PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGYEvaldas Kazlauskas SummaryThe present article gives an overview of the psycho­logical treatments of psychological trauma. The article is oriented towards practitioners who want to update their knowledge of the recent developments in psychotraumatology. The research findings, based on meta-analyses and good practice guidelines, are presented and the issues related to the implementation of evidence-based treatments are discussed.The study has shown that the critical stress incident debriefing developed by J. T. Mitchell in 1983 (or psychological debriefing) is not recommended imme­diately after trauma. Metaanalysis (Rose et al., 2003; van Emmeric et al., 2002) revealed no positive long-term effects of debriefing immediately after trauma, with indications of negative outcomes in some studies. Practical guidelines of the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies, as well as other guidelines do not recommend debriefing as a regular procedure for all survivors. Practical, social or legal assistance provided in an empathic way is recommended during the first month after the trauma. Meta-analytical studies published since 1998 concerning the effectiveness of posttraumatic stress disorder treatments demonstrated the efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies (TF-CBT) and eye movement reprocessing and desen­sitization therapy (EMDR). Evidence from studies on the effects of a brief eclectic psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (BEPP), developed by B. Gersons, internet-based treatments, and virtual reality are promising, and these treatments in the future are possible effective alternatives for TF-CBT and EMDR in evidence-based practice. Psychological treatments should be the first option for the treatment of PTSD, with medication used only when the appro­priate psychological treatments are unavailable or the client prefers medication over psychosocial treatment. While a number of RCT studies have shown the efficacy of TF-CBT and EMDR treatment for PTSD, there is still a gap between research and everyday clinical practice. From the practitioner’s point of view, transfer of manual-based methods from RCT efficacy studies to daily practice is not easy. Clinicians are facing complicated cases, and comorbid disorders are widely prevalent with PTSD. We must also be aware that with the new treatments developed, training of these methods and particularly the availability of sys­tematic supervisions are not always easily accessible; this slows down the dissemination and implementation of evidence-based treatments. Clinicians have to take their own responsibility for selecting what is best for a particular client; however, practitioners also need to make decisions based on what science shows to be the most effective treatment.Key words: psychological trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, effectiveness of treatment.   o:OfficeDocumentSettings> Veiksmingi psichologinės pagalbos būdai psichotraumatologijoje 

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGY INTO EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES FOR STUDENTS WITH EMOTIONAL AND CONDUCT DISORDERS IN CLASSROOM

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Nora A. Altaweel
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
K 12

Mobile technology (MT) may create new opportunities for teachers to enhance the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for students with emotional and conduct disorders (ECD) in United States. However, there remains a relative paucity of research reviewing the effectiveness of integrating MT into EBPs, also referred to as emerging practices (EPs). This integrative review provides a synthesis of the research on the effectiveness of EPs for students with ECD in the K-12 classroom environment. A total of 11 empirical studies, published from 2008 to 2018, were reviewed. Results suggest that EPs may increase academic engagement for students with ECD during academic situations. Yet, drawing conclusions remains challenging due to limitations in relation to: (a) the unique power of EPs in isolation from some interfering variables, (b) generalizability of documented findings to various settings. Future research studies should ideally further address the areas of limitation toward conclusive claims concerning the effectiveness of EPs for students with ECD. Keywords: conduct disorders, educational setting, emerging practices, emotional disorders, evidence-based practices, mobile technology.

Applying the Science of Habit Formation to Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162199575
Author(s):  
Allison G. Harvey ◽  
Catherine A. Callaway ◽  
Garret G. Zieve ◽  
Nicole B. Gumport ◽  
Courtney C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Habit Formation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Life Habits

Habits affect nearly every aspect of our physical and mental health. Although the science of habit formation has long been of interest to psychological scientists across disciplines, we propose that applications to clinical psychological science have been insufficiently explored. In particular, evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) are interventions targeting psychological processes that cause and/or maintain mental illness and that have been developed and evaluated scientifically. An implicit goal of EBPTs is to disrupt unwanted habits and develop desired habits. However, there has been insufficient attention given to habit-formation principles, theories, and measures in the development and delivery of EBTPs. Herein we consider whether outcomes following an EBPT would greatly improve if the basic science of habit formation were more fully leveraged. We distill six ingredients that are central to habit formation and demonstrate how these ingredients are relevant to EBPTs. We highlight practice points and an agenda for future research. We propose that there is an urgent need for research to guide the application of the science of habit formation and disruption to the complex “real-life” habits that are the essence of EBPTs.

Perceived Evidence and Use of Autism Intervention Strategies in Early Intervention Providers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Paynter ◽  
Sarah Luskin-Saxby ◽  
Deb Keen ◽  
Kathryn Fordyce ◽  
Grace Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Empirically Supported

Background. Continued use of practices not supported by empirical evidence is an ongoing challenge in the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Knowledge and individual attitudes to evidence-based practice, as well as accuracy of categorization of practices on their evidence base, have been linked to practice selection in allied health professionals. This study aimed to extend this research to early intervention staff, and investigated perceived evidence base of practices, and links to intended future use, along with individual attitudes and sources of information accessed.Method. Participants included 86 early intervention staff who completed an online survey. They rated the evidence base of six ASD intervention practices (three unsupported by research, three empirically supported), along with current and intended future use of these, as well as attitudes to research and to evidence-based practice. Results. At a group level, participants reported using, and intending to use in future, the empirically supported practices more than unsupported practices, and generally accurately reported a higher evidence base for the empirically supported practices. However, a number of individual participants showed inaccuracy in ratings varying by practice. Perceived evidence was linked to greater intention to use practices in the future, while few links to individual attitudes were found. Conclusions. Our findings point to the influence of perceived evidence on intended use of practices. Perceived evidence may be impacted by lack of awareness and/or misinformation regarding the evidence base of practices. The need for accurate information about both empirically supported and unsupported practices, as well as strategies to seek and evaluate information are highlighted. Limitations of the self-report methodology, and future research directions including broader clinical decision-making processes are overviewed.

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