scholarly journals A Predictive Framework of Speed Camera Locations for Road Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Asmae Rhanizar ◽  
Zineb El Akkaoui
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Classification Algorithm ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Crash Likelihood

Road traffic crashes are a public health issue due to their terrible impact on individuals, communities, and countries. Studies affirmed that vehicle speed is a major contributor to crash likelihood and severity. At the same time, they identified Automated Speed Enforcement (ASE) systems, namely speed cameras, as a highly effective measure to reduce excessive and inappropriate speed, and thus improving road safety. However, identifying optimum sites for fixed speed camera placement stays an open issue in the literature, although it is a key factor that guarantees the efficiency of such ASE systems. This paper describes a predictive framework of speed camera locations using a classification algorithm that can predict, for each section of a given road network, its pertinence as a speed camera location. First, we identify a set of features as predictors of the classification algorithm, that we have argued their goodness through correlation tests. Second, for training our algorithm, data from road controlled sections, corresponding to existing speed cameras, is exploited. Each section class reflects the contribution level of the ASE system (good, neutral, or bad) to road safety. Third, as a proofof-concept, the framework has been implemented and deployed on the Moroccan road network. The results showed that Random Forest classifier is the best performing model attaining an accuracy of 95% and a precision of 88%. Further, a tool was developed to visualize updated classification results on a Moroccan road network map to support authorities in their decision making process.

Status of Road Safety in the Region of the Americas

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Child Restraint

In the three years since the last road safety report was issued, the number of road traffic deaths has continued to increase throughout the Americas, reaching 154,997 deaths in 2016 (latest year of available data). However, the death rate from road traffic crashes has remained stable (15.6 per 100,000 population in 2016 as compared to 15.9 per 100,000 population in 2013). Data presented in this report show that aspects of road safety management, legislation, and post-crash care have improved in some countries. However, the improvements have been modest and it is clear that the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.6, to halve road traffic deaths by 2020, will not be achieved... Since 2014, more countries in the Region have implemented road safety legislation. Two additional countries, the Dominican Republic and Uruguay, established laws on drink-driving based on best practice, bringing the total to eight countries. Ecuador implemented legislation on helmet use (resulting in a total of seven countries), Dominican Republic implemented legislation on seat-belts (19 countries in total), while Chile implemented child restraint laws (two countries in total). However, no new speed laws have been enacted in the Region. Overall, four countries (Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, and Uruguay) have amended their laws regarding one or more road safety risk factors to bring them in line with best practice. Despite these legislative developments, enforcement remains a major challenge in most countries...

scholarly journals Characteristics of Road Traffic Accident Cases Reported in a Tertiary Military Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Md Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Farzana Zafreen ◽  
Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death in Bangladesh. The road safety situation in Bangladesh has been deteriorating with increasing number of road accident deaths, largely as direct consequences of rapid growth in population, motorization, urbanization and lack of investment in road safety. Objectives: To describe the injury characteristics of road traffic accidents cases that reported at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on all the RTA cases reported to medical inspection room CMH, Dhaka from 01 March to 30 June 2010. A total of 126 RTA victims irrespective of age and sex were included, data were collected by face to face interview using a pre-tested questionnaire. Results: A total of 126 road traffic accident victims both sexes were studied. The majority of the study subjects were men 103 (81.7%) and most of them were in 31-40 years group (27%), Muslims (98.41%) were the majority. In our study regarding educational qualification of RTA victims most of them were SSC qualified (44’4%) and primary level (15.1%). Military services holder (45.2%) was the majority of road traffic crash victims. Bus/Minibus (32.5%) was responsible for the majority of road traffic crashes and motor vehicle passengers (42.9%) were main victims. Laceration & cut injury were (38.1%) and multiple injury (18.3%) were the most common injury. Main roads (49.2%) were the commonest site of the accidents.  Regarding place of occurrence main roads 62 (49.2%) was the most common site and noon 41 (32.5%) was the most common time of occurrence of accidents. Conclusion: Road traffic crashes constitute a major public health problem in our setting and contribute significantly to unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of road traffic crashes is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries. Early recognition and prompt treatment of road traffic injuries is essential for optimal patient outcome. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 213-217

ABOUT ADDITIONAL INDICATORS ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
О.Н. Кузьмин ◽  
Е.В. Дедюлин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Network Safety

В статье анализируется информативность основных показателей аварийности, возможные неверные представления о повышении безопасности дорожного движения при снижении количества ДТП, необходимость учета степени безопасности дорожной сети при выборе мер, направленных на повышение безопасности дорожного движения, а также комплесная оценка этих мер и степени безопасности дорожной сети. The article analyzes the informativeness of the main indicators of accidents, possible misconceptions about improving road safety while reducing the number of accidents, as well as the need to take into account the degree of road safety when choosing measures aimed at improving road safety, assessing such measures in combination with the degree of road network safety.

scholarly journals Driving Anger, Aberrant Driving Behaviors, and Road Crash Risk: Testing of a Mediated Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingru Zhang ◽  
Alan H.S. Chan ◽  
Hongjun Xue ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Da Tao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Driving Anger ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Road Crash

With the dramatic increase in motorization, road traffic crashes have become the leading cause of death in China. To reduce the losses associated with road safety problems, it is important to understand the risk factors contributing to the high crash rate among Chinese drivers. This study investigated how driving anger and aberrant driving behaviors are related to crash risk by proposing and testing one mediated model. In this model, the effects of driving anger on road crash risk were mediated by aberrant driving behaviors. However, unlike previous studies, instead of using the overall scale scores, the subscales of driving anger and aberrant driving behaviors were used to establish the mediated model in this study. To test the validity of this model, an Internet-based questionnaire, which included various measures of driving anger, aberrant driving, and road crash history, was completed by a sample of 1974 Chinese drivers. The results showed that the model fitted the data very well and aberrant driving behaviors fully mediated the effects of driving anger on road crash risk. Findings from the present study are useful for the development of countermeasures to reduce road traffic crashes in China.

Locating Problematic Road Sections: Comparisons between Crash Data and Composite Index Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
M.R. Intan Suhana ◽  
H. Hussain ◽  
T.H. Law ◽  
M.S. Ahmad Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Starting Point

Aware on the importance of upgrading and maintaining the safety level of existing road network, several attempts on localizing problematic road areas have been made. In current practice, the identification of those problematic sections was recognized based on the road’s safety level and one of the most common and acceptable method is by using crash data of the particular road network as a starting point for further actions. However, the information provided by crash data is far from providing good and broad pictures of the factors leading to crash. These circumstances have bringing out the needs to have another road safety indicator that can extensively describes actual situations at problematic road areas as well as can be used as a basis for further maintenance works. By focusing on the environment aspect of the roads, fourteen road environment indicators were chosen based on their abilities to portrayed current road environment conditions and its potential in triggering road traffic crashes. Data of these indicators were collected by means of naturalistic driving method within 80 km length road of Federal Road 2 connecting Kuantan and Maran Town in Pahang State. Composite road environment risk index was developed using these data where combination of risk generated from these environments aspects were evaluated and used in localizing problematic road sections. Apart from that, the outcomes were also used as basis in planning for road improvement plans. The development of composite road environment risk index as a proactive method in defining poor sections has proved to be very useful in identifications of problematic road sections requiring urgent road improvement works especially when crash data is not available or in poor quality.

scholarly journals Specifics of road safety inspection in tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Emir Smailovic ◽  
Boris Antić ◽  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Slaviš Beronja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Tunnels

Tunnels are underground passages, placed horizontally, which serve to lead the road through them. In order to fulfill its purpose in road traffic, the tunnel must fit into the traffic infrastructure and as such not create an obstacle in movement and enable the movement of vehicles from entrance to exit without danger, but with increased restriction of freedom of lateral evacuation. Tunnels are among some of the most risky parts of the road network, primarily due to space constraints, where there is a possibility of a traffic accident. Managing the risks associated with the passage of road traffic, and in particular the safety of traffic in tunnels, is a serious problem in many countries. With the growing number of road users, it is necessary to adopt stricter standards regarding road tunnels. In addition to meeting these safety standards, factors such as operational requirements, economic efficiency, energy efficiency and state-of-the-art technology should also be taken into account when planning and equipping tunnels.

scholarly journals Invisible Cause of Death in Global Road Safety Crisis: A New Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmalchandra K Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Automotive Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Global road safety is a complex problem. Annually 1.4 million people are killed, while over 50 million are injured in road traffic crashes worldwide. It endangers the victims' life or health and has a heavy social and economic impact on their families, on medical facilities, and the nation's economy.There have been numerous global efforts by the UN, WHO, World Bank, among others, to address the road safety crisis. According to research, human error is the root cause of 90% of crashes, which is largely attributed to the driver. In 2006, a serendipitous idea led to my discovery of the invisible primary cause of road traffic deaths and injuries - the obstruction of the driver's field of vision by the blind region of the A-pillar in all vehicles, which is a universal design flaw. Road traffic crashes are difficult to avert if vehicles and other road users or objects are invisible to the driver before the crash. Thus, this problem, including its proposed A1-pillar design solution, was conveyed to the UN, WHO, among others, in 2006. In spite of the positive response, these organisations did not pursue it. Despite commendable efforts by global institutions and governments, stricter traffic laws, and automotive safety technology advancements, road traffic deaths and injuries are steadily increasing. Could a key causative factor have been ignored so far? Thus, this article explores the blind region created by the A-pillar and offers a sustainable design solution for new vehicles as well as a retrofit idea for existing ones. Urgent action is needed to validate and overcome this major causative factor in road traffic deaths and injuries worldwide. Along with the existing global road safety measures, this comprehensive solution has the potential to help resolve the global road safety crisis and save lives.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Crash Tests on Curved Barriers Taking into Account Vehicle Speed Limits

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-325
Author(s):  
Marian Klasztorny ◽  
Daniel Bronislaw Nycz ◽  
Kamil Pawel Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Barriers ◽  
Crash Tests

The reliable speed of a vehicle, assigned to a given road arc, is not usually taken into account in simulation of crash tests on road safety barriers located on horizontal concave arcs with small radii (20−200 m). In this work, the numerical modelling and simulations of TB11, TB32 crash tests for selected road safety barriers on a horizontal concave arc with a small radius of 150 m, at a reliable and increased speed of a vehicle, were conducted. The authors developed the methodology of numerical modelling and simulation and published in the period 2015−2018. In this study, crash tests include two N2 class steel road barriers with the B-type guide rail, i.e. SP-05/1 (with 1.00 m post spacing) and SP-05/2 (with 2.00 m post spacing). Suzuki Swift and Dodge Neon vehicle models were taken from the National Crash Analysis Center (USA) library and modified, respectively. It was proved that road traffic safety on horizontal concave arcs with small radii is assured if the reliable velocity is not exceeded by drivers. Compacting the post spacing or the uses of a composite-foam protective overlay added to guide rails are not recommended.

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