An Untranslated RNA Sequence Encoded in the Putative Regulatory Region of fruitless, a Major Courtship Regulator Gene of Drosophila

The nucleotide sequence of approx. 3 kilobases including the regulatory region, a non-coding exon and the first protein-coding exon from mouse lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) gene has been determined. The putative initiation sites of transcription and translation were deduced by comparing the nucleotide sequence of mouse LDH-A gene with those of a mouse LDH-A processed pseudogene and the LDH-A full-length cDNAs from rat and human. The tentative TATA and CAAT boxes, and the hexanucleotides CCGCCC have been identified. The sequence of AAATCTTGCTCAA of mouse LDH-A gene has also been found to show striking homology to the cyclic AMP-responsive sequences of eukaryotic genes regulated by cyclic AMP. It has been reported previously that the protein-coding sequence of mouse LDH-A gene is interrupted by six introns and the 3′ untranslated sequence of 485 nucleotides is not interrupted [Li, Tiano, Fukasawa, Yagi, Shimiza, Sharief, Nakashima & Pan (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 215-225]. An additional intron of 1653 base-pairs was found in the 5′ untranslated sequence of 101 nucleotides at 24 nucleotides upstream to the translation start site. Thus, mouse LDH-A gene containing seven introns spans approx. 11 kilobases and its length of mature mRNA is 1582 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail.

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The Balance Between Pax5 and Id2 Activities Is the Key to AID Gene Expression

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20030802 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 198 (9) ◽

pp. 1427-1437 ◽

Cited By ~ 160

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Gonda ◽

Manabu Sugai ◽

Yukiko Nambu ◽

Tomoya Katakai ◽

Yasutoshi Agata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

B Cells ◽

Cytidine Deaminase ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Binding Activity ◽

Class Switch ◽

Dna Binding Activity ◽

Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase ◽

Putative Regulatory Region ◽

Kinetics Of

Pax5 activity is enhanced in activated B cells and is essential for class switch recombination (CSR). We show that inhibitor of differentiation (Id)2 suppresses CSR by repressing the gene expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which has been shown to be indispensable for CSR. Furthermore, a putative regulatory region of AID contains E2A- and Pax5-binding sites, and the latter site is indispensable for AID gene expression. Moreover, the DNA-binding activity of Pax5 is decreased in Id2-overexpressing B cells and enhanced in Id2−/− B cells. The kinetics of Pax5, but not E2A, occupancy to AID locus is the same as AID expression in primary B cells. Finally, enforced expression of Pax5 induces AID transcription in pro–B cell lines. Our results provide evidence that the balance between Pax5 and Id2 activities has a key role in AID gene expression.

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Structure of the murine lactotransferrin gene is similar to the structure of other transferrin-encoding genes and shares a putative regulatory region with the murine myeloperoxidase gene

Gene ◽

10.1016/0378-1119(92)90653-7 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 229-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Neelam V. Shirsat ◽

Susan Bittenbender ◽

Brent L. Kreider ◽

Giovanni Rovera

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Region ◽

Putative Regulatory Region ◽

Encoding Genes

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Genetics and evidence for balancing selection of a sex-linked colour polymorphism in a songbird

10.1101/437111 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kang-Wook Kim ◽

Benjamin C. Jackson ◽

Hanyuan Zhang ◽

David P. L. Toews ◽

Scott A. Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Balancing Selection ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Intermediate Frequency ◽

Colour Polymorphism ◽

Z Chromosome ◽

Coalescent Simulations ◽

Putative Regulatory Region ◽

History Of ◽

Gouldian Finch ◽

Selection Of

AbstractColour polymorphisms play a key role in sexual selection and speciation, yet the mechanisms that generate and maintain them are not fully understood. Here, we use genomic and transcriptomic tools to identify the precise genetic architecture and evolutionary history of a sex-linked colour polymorphism in the Gouldian finch Erythrura gouldiae that is also accompanied by remarkable differences in behaviour and physiology. We find that differences in colour are associated with an ~72-kbp region of the Z chromosome in a putative regulatory region for follistatin, an antagonist of the TGF-β superfamily genes. The region is highly differentiated between morphs, unlike the rest of the genome, yet we find no evidence that an inversion is involved in maintaining the distinct haplotypes. Coalescent simulations confirm that there is elevated nucleotide diversity and an excess of intermediate frequency alleles at this locus. We conclude that this pleiotropic colour polymorphism is most probably maintained by balancing selection.

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RamAp, an efflux pump regulator carried by an IncHI2 plasmid

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01152-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Ping Hong ◽

You-Wun Wang ◽

Bo-Han Chen ◽

Hui-Yung Song ◽

Chien-Shun Chiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Efflux Pump ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

E Coli ◽

Putative Regulatory Region ◽

Elevated Expression ◽

New Type ◽

Epidemiological Trends

In investigating the epidemiological trends of Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast, we have previously identified several closely related strains with different MICs to azithromycin and quinolones. Genome sequencing and comparison of two very similar MDR strains, R18.0877 and R18.1656, has led to the identification of an extra plasmid-borne ramA gene, ramAp , on the large IncHI2 plasmid carried by R18.0877. The ramAp is located in a 953-bp region on the plasmid, which is identical to that of the Klebsiella quasipneumoniae chromosomal ramA loci. A truncated IS Ecp1 located at the adjacent upstream of the putative regulatory region of the ramAp may likely contribute to its mobilization and expression. Introducing the ramAp and the truncated IS Ecp1 into E. coli have resulted in elevated expression of efflux pump genes and elevated MICs to chloramphenicol, azithromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and tigecycline. The ramAp is an extra efflux pump activator gene that potentially could be transmitted with the IncHI2 plasmid among bacteria. It is plausible that, with high interspecific conservation, the plasmid-encoded regulator reduces drug susceptibility by activating existing efflux pump systems of the host and thus can be regarded as a new type of auxiliary antimicrobial resistance determinant. Sequences of similar plasmids were found worldwide. Its impact on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens is worrisome.

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