Resistance of New Strawberry Genotypes to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the main strawberry pests in Brazil and many other countries. The objective of this study was to compare the resistance of eight strawberry genotypes (‘Albion’, ‘IAC Guarani’, ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’, ‘Oso Grande’, IAC T-0104, IAC 12, IAC 4 and IAC 1.13) to the two-spotted spider mite, by assessing injury level, biological parameters and host preference of the mite. To facilitate the interpretation of the results, leaf trichomes of each genotype were quantified. Thirty days after the artificial infestation of the genotypes with the mite, IAC T-0104, IAC 12 and ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’ showed the lowest injury levels. ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’, IAC 4 and IAC T-0104 were distinguished from other genotypes by the highest mean generation time (T) of the mite, while ‘IAC Guarani’ was distinguished by the lowest T value. Significantly lower values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were determined on ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’ and IAC 1.13. The mite showed preference for ‘IAC Guarani’, as inferred by the larger number of females when offered the chance to select the detached host leaflets. Trichome density was highest on IAC 1.13 and lowest on IAC T-0104, IAC 12, ‘Albion’ and ‘Oso Grande’. The results suggested that ‘IAC Princesa Isabel’, IAC T-0104 and IAC 12 are resistant, IAC 4 and IAC 1.13 are moderately resistant, and ‘IAC Guarani’, ‘Oso Grande’ and ‘Albion’ are susceptible to the mite.

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Resistant rose cultivar affects life table parameters of two-spotted spider mite and its predators Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii (Phytoseiidae)

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.9.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1620-1630 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zahra Alipour ◽

Yaghoub Fathipour ◽

Azadeh Farazmand ◽

Mostafa Khanamani

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Resistant Cultivars ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

The Mean ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite

Herbivores' host plant resistance may also affect performance of their predators. The effect of susceptible ('Yellow') and resistant ('Roulette') rose cultivars on demographic parameters of the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch and its predators Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was determined under laboratory conditions. The obtained data were analyzed using the two-sex life table theory. The development rate of different life stages of TSSM and its predators on the susceptible and resistant rose cultivars were signiﬁcantly different. Total development time of juvenile stages of TSSM and A. swirskii on the resistant cultivar was longer than that on the susceptible one, although no significant differences were obtained in the case of P. persimilis. By using the two-sex life table, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of TSSM on the susceptible and resistant cultivars was 0.205 and 0.143 day-1, respectively. In addition, the net reproductive rate (R0) of TSSM on the susceptible and resistant cultivars was 26.46 and 11.47 eggs per individual, respectively; however, the mean generation time (T) of TSSM on these cultivars was 15.92 and 16.92 days, respectively. Furthermore, the value of the intrinsic rate of increase (r) in P. persimilis on the susceptible and resistant cultivars was 0.217 versus 0.163 day-1as well as in A. swirskii on the mentioned cultivars was 0.147 versus 0.117 day-1, respectively. There was no significant difference between the values of the net reproductive rate (R0) in P. persimilis on the susceptible and resistant rose cultivars, but in A. swirskii the value of this parameter on the susceptible cultivar was significantly higher than that on the resistant one. The mean generation time (T) in both predators on the resistant cultivar was longer than the susceptible one. In conclusion, resistance of the rose cultivar negatively affected the population growth parameters of TSSM and its both predators.

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Sublethal Effects of Atropa belladonna Herbal Extract on Biological Performance of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n7p230 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Ayad Alsendi ◽

Mohammadreza Havasi ◽

Niloufar Sangak Sani Bozhgani

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Atropa Belladonna ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of agricultural products. Using chemical pesticides is one of the main methods for its management. Due to undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides, this research was conducted to achieve alternative safe compounds. In this study sublethal effect of Atropa belladonna herbal extract including LC10, LC20, LC30 and distilled water were evaluated on biological parameters (such as r, λ, GRR, R0 and T) of T. urticae. The experiments were done under laboratory condition at 25±2 °C, 60±5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) hours. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. The results indicated significant reduction in female’s duration of maturation, oviposition period and total fecundity by increasing examined dose. The highest and lowest values of the net reproductive rate (R0) were obtained 38.41 and 18.08 offspring/individual in control and LC30, respectively. The maximum values of intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.2201 day-1that occurred on control treatment while the minimum values was obtained 0.1937 day-1 in LC30 concentration. Finite rate of increase (λ) had significantly descended with concentration enhancing from LC20 to LC30, compared with the control. The results demonstrated that Atropa belladonna herbal extract could be incorporated in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of T. urticae.

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Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Acarologia ◽

10.24349/acarologia/20184229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 52-61

Author(s):

Samah Ben Chaaban ◽

Brahim Chermiti ◽

Serge Kreiter

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Phoenix Dactylifera ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Old World ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Mean

The old world date mite Oligonychus afrasiaticus is an important spider mite pest of the date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. mostly in North Africa and the Middle East. A population of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas has been recently found in Tunisia in association with a decrease of O. afrasiaticus densities. The objective of this paper was to assess the development and reproduction abilities of T. ( A.) athenas on O. afrasiaticus under laboratory conditions at two temperatures: 27 and 32 °C. The results obtained show that females of T. (A.) athenas develop in 5 days at 27 °C and 4.1 days at 32 °C. The mean fecundity of T. (A.) athenas was 32.1 and 23.2 eggs per female at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. Life table parameters were stimated: the net reproductive rate (Ro) 27.9 and 17.9 eggs/female, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0.322 and 0,344 female/female/day and the mean generation time (T) 10.3 and 8.4 days at 27 and 32 °C, respectively. At both temperatures tested, T. (A.) athenas intrinsic rate of increase was greater than that of O. afrasiaticus (rm = 0.213 at 32 °C,against rm = 0.166 day1 at 27 °C). Typhlodromus (A.) athenas would be able to develop at a wide range of temperatures feeding on O. afrasiaticus and seems to be able to potentially control it.

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Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Tables of the Predatory Mite Cheyletus Malaccensis Oudemans at Different Temperatures

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11030181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Weiwei Sun ◽

Miao Cui ◽

Liyuan Xia ◽

Qing Yu ◽

Yang Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Predatory Mite ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Life Tables ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Acarus Siro ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Cheyletus Malaccensis

Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans is a predatory mite inhabiting grain depots in China. The relationship between temperature and the population growth rate of C. malaccensis is useful for predicting its population dynamics. Age-stage, two-sex life tables of the predator, C. malaccensis, reared on Acarus siro were constructed under laboratory conditions at 22, 24, 28, 30, and 32 °C, 75% relative humidity, and a 0:24 h (L:D) photoperiod. Increasing temperature shortened the development time of the immature stages. The complete generation time of C. malaccensis ranged from 11.10 d to 27.50 d. Life table parameters showed that 28 °C was the optimum temperature for the growth and development of C. malaccensis; populations could increase rapidly at this temperature. The highest net reproductive rate (R0 = 290.25) and highest fecundity (544.52) occurred at 28 °C. Temperature significantly affected the intrinsic rate of increase (r), fecundity, and finite rate of increase (λ). The values of age-specific fecundity (high to low) were 28 °C > 24 °C > 30 °C > 32 °C > 22 °C, while the values of age-stage-specific fecundity had the same trend.

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Biological traits of acarophagous thrips, Scolothrips longicornis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Schizotetranychus smirnovi (Acari: Tetranychidae): Application of female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life tables

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.25.3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 512-524

Author(s):

Marjan Heidarian ◽

Yaghoub Fathipor ◽

Amin Sedaratian-jahromi

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Female Age ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Scolothrips Longicornis

Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainstein is an important phytophagous pest of almond trees which causes serious damage in southwestern Iran. Scolothrips longicornis Priesner has been considered as an efficient predatory thrips that feeds on this spider mite and hence its efficiency for controlling S. smirnovi should be evaluated. In the current study, all main biological parameters of S. longicornis fed on S. smirnovi were determined under laboratory conditions. Data analysis was performed using both female age-specific and age-stage, two-sex life table theories. Duration of incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult periods of male predators were 4.73, 3.18, 1.05, 1.86 and 10.82 days, respectively. These periods in female individuals lasted 4.57, 3.92, 1.04, 1.87 and 11.00 days, respectively. Our findings showed that each female laid an average of 62.74 eggs during its ovipositional period (13.61 days). Using the age-stage, two-sex life table, the values of the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were estimated to be 26.236 (eggs/individual), 0.171 (day-1), 1.186 (day-1) and 19.130 (days), respectively. Using the female age-specific life table, these parameters had different values. Our findings revealed that S. longicornis has a reliable capability to increase its population by feeding on S. smirnovi. This information can expand our knowledge for assessing biological efficiency of this predatory thrips in sustainable management of the destructive mite pest.

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A life table analysis to evaluate biological control of banks grass mite using the predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.22.1.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatemeh Ganjisaffar ◽

Thomas M. Perring

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Predatory Mite ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Banks Grass Mite

The predatory mite, Galendromus flumenis (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), has shown promising traits for biological control of Banks grass mite, the major pest of date palms in California. In the present study, reproduction and population growth parameters of G. flumenis on Banks grass mite eggs were studied at 34ºC, 50±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) hours. 100 percent of eggs hatched and 63.5 percent of the emerged larvae survived to adulthood. The total immature developmental time was 5.7 and 5.5 days for females and males, respectively. The sex ratio of G. flumenis was 0.70 (females/ females+ males). Mated females laid on average 1.6 eggs per day and 19.9 eggs during their mean ovipositional period of 12.5 days. The net reproductive rate (R0) was 11.5 females/ female/ generation, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.200 females/ female/ day, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.222 population multiplication/ day, the mean generation time (T) was 12.2 days, and the doubling time (DT) was 3.5 days. The lower rm value of G. flumenis than that of its prey (0.24–0.48) explains why Banks grass mite escapes control by G. flumenis in field. These results suggest that augmentative release of this predator would offset the lower rm of the predator, thereby contributing to the control of Banks grass mite. Combined with the benefit of early releases determined in companion studies, future field studies with G. flumenis are being planned.

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RESISTANCE TO APHIS CRACCIVORA (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) IN SELECTED VARIETIES OF COWPEA

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-20.2.263 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 263-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Frank J. Messina ◽

J. A. A. Renwick ◽

Joyce L. Barmore

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Susceptible Variety ◽

Aphis Craccivora ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Southern United States ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Aphis Craccivora Koch

Nearly 200 varieties of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, were screened for resistance to the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. Three varieties known to be resistant in West Africa were highly susceptible to an aphid population from the southern United States. Four other varieties, however, inhibited growth of the southern United States population both in the laboratory and in the field. Life-table comparisons using a resistant and a susceptible variety revealed a three-fold difference in the intrinsic rate of increase and a more than twenty-fold difference in the net reproductive rate. High nymphal mortality and low fecundity on resistant plants were largely responsible for these differences.

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Age Stage Two-Sex Life Table Reveals Sublethal Effects of Some Herbal and Chemical Insecticides on Adults ofBemisia tabaci(Hem.: Aleyrodidae)

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2014/164271 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatemeh Jafarbeigi ◽

Mohammad Amin Samih ◽

Mehdi Zarabi ◽

Saeideh Esmaeily

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Important Pest

The sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci(Genn.) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of agriculture in subtropical and tropical areas. In this study, we used the age-stage two-sex life table to evaluate the sublethal effects of the herbal extracts taken fromFumaria parvifloraLam. (Fumariaceae),Teucrium poliumL. (Lamiaceae),Calotropis procera(Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), andThymus vulgarisL. (Lamiaceae) as well as the two commercial synthetic insecticides, pymetrozin and neemarin. The whiteflies were exposed to each insecticide using leaf-dip method. Analysis of life table parameters revealed significant differences (P≤0.05) in the net reproductive rate (R0,NRR), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) among different insecticides. The lowest values of the three population parameters,R0,r, andλ, were observed on whiteflies treated with pymetrozin (2.455, 0.036, and 1.036),T. polium(2.828, 0.044, and 1.045), and neemarin (2.998, 0.046, and 1.047), respectively. Results of this study highlights the satisfactory insecticidal effects of the extract taken fromT. poliumonB. tabaci, which is comparable to the two commonly used synthetic insecticides.

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Resistance and tolerance of ten carrot cultivars to the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt., in Poland

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0247978

Author(s):

Maria Pobożniak ◽

Małgorzata Gaborska ◽

Tomasz Wójtowicz

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Natural Increase ◽

Reproductive Period ◽

Field Resistance ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Demographic Parameters ◽

Reproduction Rate ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Rate Of Increase

Damage caused to cultivated carrots by the hawthorn-carrot aphid, Dysaphis crataegi Kalt. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the factors limiting carrot production in Poland. Planting resistant and tolerant cultivars could reduce yield losses due to the damage caused by this pest. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance and/or tolerance of 10 carrot genotypes to hawthorn-carrot aphid. Their field resistance was determined under field conditions based on five indicators, namely, mean number of alates (migrants) per plant and mean percentage of plants colonized by them, mean seasonal number of aphids per plant, mean number of aphids per plant and mean percentage of infested plants at peak abundance. Antibiosis experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions and pre-reproductive, reproductive time, fertility, and demographic parameters, represented by the net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and mean generation time (T), were calculated. Five cultivars, Afro F1, Nipomo F1, Samba F1, White Satin F1, and Yellowstone showed field resistance. Antibiosis experiments revealed significant differences among the carrot cultivars in the length of the reproductive period, female fecundity in the time equal to the pre-reproduction time, and total progeny of hawthorn-carrot aphid. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) for apterous aphids varied significantly, ranging between 0.181 (Nipomo F1) and 0.343 females/female/day (White Satin F1). Additionally, the estimated net reproductive rate (R0) was the lowest on Nipomo F1, and this genotype was determined to be resistant. Our results suggest that a very high density of trichomes on the leaf petioles (71.94 trichomes/cm2) could adversely affect the feeding, bionomy, and demographic parameters of hawthorn-carrot aphid on the cultivar Nipomo F1. In addition, Napa F1 and Kongo F1 demonstrated high tolerance. Considering all the results collectively, four genotypes, Afro F1, Kongo F1, Napa F1 and Nipomo F1, were relatively resistant/tolerant to the hawthorn-carrot aphid.

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KESESUAIAN TELUR KEPIK KEDELAI UNTUK PEMBIAKAN MASSAL Anastatus dasyni FERR. (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE), PARASITOID TELUR KEPIK LADA

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v16n3.2010.119-125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

IWA .M. TRISAWA ◽

A. RAUF ◽

U. KARTOSUWONDO ◽

N. MARYANA ◽

A. NURMANSYAH

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Egg Parasitoid ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Nezara Viridula ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Pupal Development ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Immature Development ◽

Rate Of Increase

ABSTRAKAnastatus dasyni Ferr. adalah parasitoid telur kepik lada, Dasynuspiperis China. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kesesuaian telur kepikkedelai Riptortus linearis dan Nezara viridula sebagai inang untukpembiakan massal parasitoid A. dasyni. Imago parasitoid A. dasyni yangberasal dari lapangan dipelihara secara terpisah pada telur dari kedua jeniskepik kedelai. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap biologi A. dasyni yangmeliputi masa perkembangan pradewasa dan berbagai parameter kehi-dupan imago betina. Selain itu, dilakukan analisis neraca hayati denganmenggabungkan data perkembangan dan sintasan pradewasa, masa hidupimago dan reproduksi, serta nisbah kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa masa perkembangan larva dan pupa A dasyni pada telur N. viridulalebih singkat serta laju peneluran lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada telur R.linearis. Imago betina A. dasyni yang keluar dari telur N. viridula hanya1,81%, sedangkan dari telur R. linearis sebanyak 70,20%. Oleh karena itu,parameter neraca hayati hanya dapat dihitung dari parasitoid yangdipelihara pada telur R. linearis. Laju pertambahan intrinsik parasitoidadalah (r) 0,1870, masa generasi (T) 27,51 hari, reproduksi bersih (Ro)84,29, laju pertambahan terbatas (λ) 1,21, dan nilai reproduksi (RVx)402,51. Proporsi persebaran usia stabil (px) adalah 17,06% telur, 50,41%larva, 26,53% pupa, dan 6,02% imago. Telur kepik kedelai R. linearisdapat digunakan untuk pembiakan massal A. dasyni.Kata kunci : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, pembiakan massalABSTRACTSuitability of soybean bug eggs for mass rearing ofAnastatus dasyni Ferr. (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), anegg parasitoid of pepper bugAnastatus dasyni Ferr. is an important egg parasitoid of pepper bug,Dasynus piperis China. Research was conducted with the objectives tostudy the suitability of eggs of soybean bugs Riptortus linearis and Nezaraviridula for mass rearing of A. dasyni. Adults of A. dasyni collected fromthe field were inoculated separately on eggs of two species of soybeanbugs. Biological parameters such as immature development and adultlongevity were observed daily. Lifetable parameters were calculated on thebasis of development and survival of immature, reproduction, and sexratio. Our studies revealed that parasitoid developing on Nezara viridulaeggs had shorter larval and pupal development and higher in ovipositionrate than those on Riptortus linearis eggs. However, parasitoids emergedfrom N. viridula eggs only 1.81% were females, while from R. lineariseggs were 70.20%. Therefore, lifetable parameters can only be generatedfrom parasitoid reared on R. linearis eggs. The intrinsic rate of increase (r)mean generation time (T) 0.1870, 27.51 days, 84.29, 1.21, and 402.51respectively net reproductive rate (Ro), finite rate of increase (λ), andreproductive value (RVx). The stable stage distribution (px) were 17,06%eggs, 50,41% larvae, 26,53% pupae, and 6,02% adults. Eggs of soybeanbug R. linearis can be used for mass rearing of parasitoid A. dasyni.Key words : Anastatus dasyni, Dasynus piperis, Riptortus linearis,Nezara viridula, parasitoid, mass rearing

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