scholarly journals The Transnationalization of Labor Mobility: Development Trends and Selected Challenges Involved in Its Regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ludger Pries ◽  
Martina Maletzky
Keyword(s):  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Term Labor

Internationalization of value chains and of for-profit as well as non-profit organizations, and as a result of cheaper and safer mass migration, transnational labor mobility is of increasing importance. The article presents the development of the different types of cross-border labor mobility (from long-term labor migration over expatriats/inpatriats up to business traveling); it analyses crucial aspects of labor conditions and how the collective regulation of working, employment and participation conditions in general is affected: could local or national forms of labor regulation cope with these new conditions? What are the main challenges when it comes to collective bargaining and the monitoring of labor conditions? The article is based on a three year international and comparative research in Germany and Mexico. First, different ideal types of transnational labor mobility are distinguished that have emerged as a result of increasing cross-border labor mobility. Then potential sources of labor related social inequality and challenges in the regulation of the working, employment and participation conditions for transnational workers are discussed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn for further research.

scholarly journals Helping Yourself or Others? Motivation Dynamics for High-Performing Volunteers in GLAM Crowdsourcing

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultana Lubna Alam ◽  
Ruonan Sun ◽  
John Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
High Performing ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Over Time

While most crowdsourcing (CS) cases in the literature focus on commercial organisations, little is known about volunteers’ motivation of initial and continued participation in not-for-profit CS projects and importantly, about how the motivations may change over time. It is vital to understand motivation and motivational dynamics in a not-for-profit context because a fundamental challenge for not-for-profit CS initiations is to recruit and keep volunteers motivated without any formal contract or financial incentives. To tackle this challenge, we explore high performing volunteers’ initial motivation for joining and sustaining with a GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) CS project. We situated our interpretive exploration in a case study of the Australian Newspapers CS project initiated by the National Library of Australia. Based on the case study, we found that high-performing volunteers were motivated by a combination of personal, collective, and external factors classified into intrinsic, extrinsic, and internalised extrinsic motivations. Further, we found that these motivations changed over time. Specifically, many volunteers presented substantial personal (i.e., personal interest and fun) and community-centric motivations (i.e. altruism and non-profit cause) when they initially joined the project, whereas external motivations (i.e., recognition and rewards) had a greater impact on long-term participation. Our findings offer implications for CS system design (e.g., user profiles, tagging and commenting), incentive structure (e.g., reputation-based ranking, leader boards), and relational mechanisms (e.g., open communication channels) to stimulate sustainable contributions for not-for-profit CS initiatives.

scholarly journals Corporate Forms Facilitating Non-Profit Networking: Formalizing the Informal

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-224
Author(s):  
Lyra Jakulevičienė ◽  
Regina Valutytė
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Informal Cooperation

Abstract Cooperation and networking among a variety of organisations for the purpose of research, projects, and other activities ranges from ad hoc to long term organisational relationships, formalised or based on informal cooperation. Although informality is frequently much valued and drives organisations to partner on substance rather than bureaucracy, formalisation of networks and cooperation might be indispensible for effective partnerships and activities, as well as representation of mutual interests beyond the national level. How shall such networks be formalised at European and/or national levels so that they are flexible enough, involve minimum bureaucracy, and engage the maximum scope of possible activities? This article focuses on the analysis of possible legal structures facilitating the work of a group of entities and individuals engaged in cross-border activities. This study examines the potential of national legal opportunities in five countries: Belgium, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and the Netherlands, and the proven legal form of EEIG in reducing the barriers for cooperation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these legal forms for a formalized network and the purposes it serves.

Long-Term Analysis of the Development of the Open ACS Community Framework

2017 ◽  
pp. 111-145
Author(s):  
Michael Aram ◽  
Stefan Koch ◽  
Gustaf Neumann
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Software Toolkit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Community Platforms ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Term Analysis

The OpenACS community framework is a mature software toolkit for developing online community platforms. Originally invented at a university, it has prospered due to a high commercial demand and major investments, and subsequently settled as an open source project. In this chapter, the authors extend a previous analysis of the evolution of this software framework and its surrounding community. This long-term analysis of fourteen years of the project's evolution considers the commercial background of the members of the developer community (for-profit or non-profit), investigates the changing contribution and collaboration structures and the geographical distribution of the user community. The results reveal a continuous shift from new product development work by commercial developers to maintenance work by the open community and a relatively uniform and growing global distribution of users over the years.

Culture, equity and social wellbeing in New York City

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Stern ◽  
Susan C. Seifert
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Social Wellbeing

This chapter examines how the capability approach has been applied to cultural policymaking in New York City using a multidimensional index of social wellbeing for the city's neighbourhoods. The project was conceived based on the belief that cultural engagement is a core capability in its own right and that it can facilitate the achievement of other capabilities, the so-called ‘fertile functionings’. The chapter first provides an overview of the political context within which the current research has taken place before outlining three conceptual contributions to the discussion of capability-promoting policies: culture as a capability, the importance of neighbourhood context, and the tension between social justice and democratic decision making. It then describes a measure of cultural engagement based on the presence of institutions (non-profit and for-profit cultural resources), artists and cultural participants in a neighbourhood. Finally, it explains how capability-promoting cultural policy can be used to address long-term social inequality.

scholarly journals For-profit versus Nonprofit Private Higher Education

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Cross Border

Distinctions between the three sectors of education -- public, private non-profit, and for-profit -- are often difficult to draw. While certain legally-mandated financial standards divide them, domestic and foreign for-profit institutions may look and behave like private non-profit institutions. Further complicating the equation are cross-border partnerships between these sectors.

scholarly journals Compress the curve: a cross-sectional study of variations in COVID-19 infections across California nursing homes

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042804
Author(s):  
Ram Gopal ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Niam Yaraghi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Us

ObjectiveNursing homes’ residents and staff constitute the largest proportion of the fatalities associated with COVID-19 epidemic. Although there is a significant variation in COVID-19 outbreaks among the US nursing homes, we still do not know why such outbreaks are larger and more likely in some nursing homes than others. This research aims to understand why some nursing homes are more susceptible to larger COVID-19 outbreaks.DesignObservational study of all nursing homes in the state of California until 1 May 2020.SettingThe state of California.Participants713 long-term care facilities in the state of California that participate in public reporting of COVID-19 infections as of 1 May 2020 and their infections data could be matched with data on ratings and governance features of nursing homes provided by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).Main outcome measureThe number of reported COVID-19 infections among staff and residents.ResultsStudy sample included 713 nursing homes. The size of outbreaks among residents in for-profit nursing homes is 12.7 times larger than their non-profit counterparts (log count=2.54; 95% CI, 1.97 to 3.11; p<0.001). Higher ratings in CMS-reported health inspections are associated with lower number of infections among both staff (log count=−0.19; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.01; p=0.05) and residents (log count=−0.20; 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.14; p<0.001). Nursing homes with higher discrepancy between their CMS-reported and self-reported ratings have higher number of infections among their staff (log count=0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.51; p<0.001) and residents (log count=0.13; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.18; p<0.001).ConclusionsThe size of COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes is associated with their ratings and governance features. To prepare for the possible next waves of COVID-19 epidemic, policy makers should use these insights to identify the nursing homes who are more likely to experience large outbreaks.

scholarly journals The non-economic dimension of changes prompted by cross-border acquisitions: a relational view

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-498
Author(s):  
Sergio Fernando Loureiro Rezende ◽  
Jeferson Vinhas Ferreira ◽  
Angela França Versiani ◽  
Liliane Oliveira Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Relational View ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Cross Border

Building on the relational view of M&A suggested by the Industrial Network Approach, we looked at the non-economic dimension of post-acquisition changes in the relationships of the acquired firm. Based on a 2x2 matrix, this is illustrated by the relationships between the acquired firm with for-profit organizations through which non-economic resources are transacted (called Social) or with non-profit organizations with which it transacts either economic (called Partnership) or non-economic resources (called Community). We built a qualitative case study from the acquisition of the Brazilian firm Paraíso Group by the Swiss multinational Holcim, and focused on ten relationships of the acquired firm. We found that these relationships changed in terms of professionalism, degree of dependence and number of actors. An increase in professionalism is observed in all the relationships. This type and direction of change was considered the most important post-acquisition change. The degree of dependence and number of actors changes happened in specific segments of the acquired firm's network, represented by the Community and Social relationships, respectively.

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