Volume Elastic Modulus, Vascular Function, and Vascular Structure in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protects erythrocytes from oxidative stress and hemolysis; G6PD deficiency is the most prevalent enzymopathy. The United States military routinely performs tests to prevent exposing G6PD-deficient personnel to antimalarial drugs that might cause life-threatening hemolytic reactions. In addition, G6PD is a key determinant of vascular function, and its deficiency can lead to impaired nitric oxide production and greater vascular oxidant stress—precursors to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Using military medical records, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate whether deficient G6PD levels are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than are normal levels, and, if so, whether the relationship is independent of accepted cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed the medical records of 737 individuals who had deficient G6PD levels and 16,601 who had normal levels. Everyone had been screened at U.S. military medical centers from August 2004 through December 2007. We evaluated our dependent variable (composite cardiovascular disease) at the individual level, and performed binary logistic regression of our independent variable (G6PD status) and control variables (modifiable cardiovascular risk factors). The adjusted odds ratio of 1.396 (95% CI, 1.044–1.867; P <0.05) indicated that G6PD-deficient individuals have 39.6% greater odds of developing cardiovascular disease than do those with normal levels. Early intervention may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in military personnel and civilians who have deficient G6DP levels.

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Effect of altering dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio on cardiovascular risk measures in patients treated with statins: a pilot study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511006519 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (7) ◽

pp. 1280-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sabrina P. S. Lee ◽

Anthony M. Dart ◽

Karen Z. Walker ◽

Kerin O'Dea ◽

Jaye P. F. Chin-Dusting ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

High Ratio ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Lipid Management

Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA decreases the risk of CHD. Since n-6 PUFA compete with n-3 PUFA for common metabolic enzymes, the n-6:n-3 ratio intake rather than the n-3 PUFA intake levels per se may be critical. We aimed to examine whether altering the n-6:n-3 ratio affects cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolaemic patients on lipid management with statins. Adhering to a randomised, crossover study design, patients on statins (n 11) were placed on one of two dietary interventions (Diet high-ratio (HR) – n-6:n-3 = 30:1 or Diet low-ratio (LR) – n-6:n-3 = 1·7:1) for 4 weeks followed after an 8-week washout period by the alternate diet. Foods enriched with n-3 or n-6 PUFA were delivered to each patient, who were given clear guidance on consumption expectations for the study. Measures of lipid profile, blood pressure and vascular function were determined. Diet LR significantly reduced body weight, LDL-cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure and the apoA-1:apoB ratio. While Diet HR trended towards a similar cardioprotective profile, most of the parameters examined did not reach statistical significance. A direct comparison between diets demonstrated no significant superiority of Diet LR over Diet HR. These results suggest that a dietary intervention focused on n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may improve cardiovascular risk factors in patients over and above standard lipid management, but there is no significant advantage of a low n-6:n-3 ratio diet when compared to a high-ratio diet.

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Environmental noise and particulate matter exposure, oxidative stress and vascular function - the underestimated cardiovascular risk factors

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.155 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 108 ◽

pp. S41

Author(s):

Andreas Daiber

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Environmental Noise ◽

Particulate Matter Exposure

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Socioeconomic position in childhood and adult cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and function: cardiovascular risk in young Finns study

Heart ◽

10.1136/hrt.2005.067108 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 474-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

M Kivimaki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vascular Structure ◽

And Function ◽

Young Finns Study

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Effects of Cocoa-Rich Chocolate on Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Arterial Stiffness in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1758 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽

Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽

Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽

Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽

Cristina Agudo-Conde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Vascular Structure ◽

And Function

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the intake of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate on blood pressure, other cardiovascular risk factors, and vascular structure and function in postmenopausal women. A total of 140 postmenopausal women participated in this randomized and controlled parallel clinical trial. For six months, the intervention group (IG; n = 73) consumed daily 10 g of chocolate (99% cocoa) added to their usual food intake, whereas the control group (CG; n = 67) did not receive any intervention. Blood pressure, pulse pressure (PP), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), augmentation index, and laboratory variables were measured at baseline and six months. ANCOVA analyses adjusted for baseline values revealed no significant differences for systolic blood pressure (−1.45 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.79, 1.88; p = 0.391) or baPWV (0.18 m/s; 95% CI: −0.14, 0.50; p = 0.263) between groups. A decrease in PP was observed in the IG compared to the CG (−2.05 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.08, −0.02; p = 0.048). The rest of the vascular structure and function parameters and other measured variables remained unchanged. The daily intake of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate seems to provide little improvement to cardiovascular health, but neither does it cause any adverse effects on the parameters evaluated in postmenopausal women in the long term.

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