DECAY LOSSES IN SUBALPINE SPRUCE ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE IN ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Survival Trees ◽  
Site Classes

Subalpine spruce on the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve in Alberta was found to have decay amounting to 20% of the gross merchantable volume with variations in the amount of decay among the different sample areas ranging from 1.4% to 41.9%. A large part of this variation is attributed to the influence of site since it was possible to distinguish two types of sites which differed in the nature of the ground vegetation, the growth rate of the trees, and in the incidence and amount of decay. The average gross volume for survival trees on sites which were described as moist on the basis of distinctive ground cover associations was 174 board feet compared with 87 board feet on the dry sites. The average percentage of cull for trees in each of the two site classes was 24.5 and 9.2 respectively. In trees with a d.b.h. of 8 ins., 4.2% of the gross merchantable volume was cull, increasing to 24.7% in trees of 21 ins. The percentage of cull was higher in the faster-growing trees of the over-storey (20.6%) than in the slower-growing trees of the understorey (16.4%). In cubic feet, the percentage of decay was 7.8% and 5.4% respectively for the two classes of trees.

DECAY IN SUBALPINE SPRUCE ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE IN ALBERTA

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Unidentified Fungus

Data from 456 living subalpine spruce on six 0.1-ac. plots in the Bow River Forest in 1950 and six 0.2-ac. plots in the Crowsnest, Bow River, and Clearwater Forests in 1952 show a total of 203 separate infections of which approximately half occurred in the basal part of the trees. Most of the butt rot was associated with Polyporus circinatus var. dualis Peck, Flammula connissans Fr., and an unidentified fungus designated "Unknown C". Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. was the fungus associated with the major portion of the brown butt rot. Among the white trunk rots, Stereum sanguinolentum Alb. & Schw. ex Fr. was the fungus most frequently isolated from infected trees and Fames pint (Thore) Lloyd was responsible for the largest, cull losses. Peniophora septentrionalis Laurila, which was isolated from Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and P. engelmannii Parry, was the third most important fungus associated with trunk rot. Trunk rots account for 70% of the decay losses while fungi producing white rots account for 93.6% of the total decay. The incidence of decay increased progressively with age at different rates for trees on "dry" and "moist" sites. The two sites are characterized by distinctive ground cover associations.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth of Umbrella Leaf Palm, Johannesteijsmannia lanceolata in Angsi Forest Reserve, Malaysia

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
M. Z. Rozainah ◽  
U. R. Sinniah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Vegetative Phenology

A study of an acaulescent palm, Johannesteijsmannia  lanceolata J. Dransfield was carried out in Angsi Forest Reserve Negeri Sembilan Malaysia for a period of 19 months A total of 32 adults, 24 juveniles and 32 seedlings from 3 different plots were censused every two weeks. The results showed that the average numbers of new leaves entering the crown with in the study period (19months) were: 3.3, 2.6 and 1.3 for 2.1, 1.6 and 0.8 leaves per year for adult juvenile and seedling, respectively. From the calculation it was discovered that the time spent by each leaf in the crown before it died was 8.8 years for adult and 8.4 years for juvenile. Key words: Johannesteijsmannia; Growth rate; Vegetative phenology; Arecaceae doi: 10.3126/eco.v12i0.3190 Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 12: 11-20, 2005

scholarly journals RELATION OF SOILS AND GROUND COVER VEGETATION IN EVEN-AGED PINE STANDS OF CENTRAL ALBERTA

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Heringa ◽  
R. G. H. Cormack
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
West Central ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Ground Cover Vegetation

The present paper describes the ground vegetation of even-aged pine stands in West Central Alberta on six different sites and attempts to relate the ground vegetation to soil conditions.

scholarly journals Modeling Spatial Patterns of Humus Forms in Montane and Subalpine Forests: Implications of Local Variability for Upscaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Niels Hellwig ◽  
Dylan Tatti ◽  
Giacomo Sartori ◽  
Kerstin Anschlag ◽  
Ulfert Graefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
Humus Forms ◽  
Humus Form ◽  
Local Variability

Humus forms are a distinctive morphological indicator of soil organic matter decomposition. The spatial distribution of humus forms depends on environmental factors such as topography, climate and vegetation. In montane and subalpine forests, environmental influences show a high spatial heterogeneity, which is reflected by a high spatial variability of humus forms. This study aims at examining spatial patterns of humus forms and their dependence on the spatial scale in a high mountain forest environment (Val di Sole/Val di Rabbi, Trentino, Italian Alps). On the basis of the distributions of environmental covariates across the study area, we described humus forms at the local scale (six sampling sites), slope scale (60 sampling sites) and landscape scale (30 additional sampling sites). The local variability of humus forms was analyzed with regard to the ground cover type. At the slope and landscape scale, spatial patterns of humus forms were modeled applying random forests and ordinary kriging of the model residuals. The results indicate that the occurrence of the humus form classes Mull, Mullmoder, Moder, Amphi and Eroded Moder generally depends on the topographical position. Local-scale patterns are mostly related to micro-topography (local accumulation and erosion sites) and ground cover, whereas slope-scale patterns are mainly connected with slope exposure and elevation. Patterns at the landscape scale show a rather irregular distribution, as spatial models at this scale do not account for local to slope-scale variations of humus forms. Moreover, models at the slope scale perform distinctly better than at the landscape scale. In conclusion, the results of this study highlight that landscape-scale predictions of humus forms should be accompanied by local- and slope-scale studies in order to enhance the general understanding of humus form patterns.

scholarly journals Biological activity, nitrogen dynamics, and chemical characteristics of forest soils in the Šumava national park

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
National Park ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

This paper deals with large-scale mountain forest decline in the Šumava National Park. The changes in biotic and abiotic properties of forest sites follow the tree layer disintegration. Changed microclimatic conditions such as intensity of irradiance, moisture and temperature of the top holorganic layers together with altered development of ground vegetation could strongly affect the values of microbiological respiration activity and the rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification. Soil substrates, built of organic mater, located on stony locations, are endangered by introskeletal erosion. This paper compares these features in pairs of research plots, consisting of dead or cut forest and of living stand. According to the results of this study, higher rates of organic matter decomposition, transformed dynamics of nitrogen and other nutrients and possible nutrient leaching from soil solutions were demonstrated in the forest floor under declined spruce stands. The extent and seriousness of these adverse processes for forest soils are strongly site dependent.

TEMPERATURE AND EVAPORATION AT AND NEAR GROUND LEVEL ON CERTAIN FOREST SITES

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuation ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
General Climate

Microclimate, especially temperature extremes, was studied on various plots of pine and spruce sites in Finland. Thermoelement measurements were made on clear, calm summer days. Comparisons showed that the climate of the exposed sites varied greatly from that of the sites with protective ground vegetation or canopy. Very large temperature differences between the sites existed at ground-level and moderately large differences at the 5 and 20 cm. levels. At exposed sites a temperature range of 57 °C. in 24 hr. was recorded in sandy surface soil, and still larger ranges seemed probable. Extreme diurnal fluctuation in temperature is evidently not closely correlated with general climate; it is favored by dryness of the soil and presence of ground cover, such as humus and fine litter, with low thermal conductivity. Maximum temperatures of 50° to 70 °C, are considered of normal occurrence in thin surface soil at exposed sites in large areas of northern coniferous forests. At the same time, maximum temperatures may remain from 9° to 13 °C. under the protection of canopy and surface cover, and night minima may be below 0 °C. in thin surface soil. A negative correlation was found between evaporation rate and drought injuries of plants on dry sites. Root competition was a more important factor to plants than evaporation conditions, at least as shown by the measurements from large vessels.

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