A method for predicting soil erosion in the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve, Alberta

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
N W Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve

DECAY IN SUBALPINE SPRUCE ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE IN ALBERTA

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
The Third ◽  
Unidentified Fungus

Data from 456 living subalpine spruce on six 0.1-ac. plots in the Bow River Forest in 1950 and six 0.2-ac. plots in the Crowsnest, Bow River, and Clearwater Forests in 1952 show a total of 203 separate infections of which approximately half occurred in the basal part of the trees. Most of the butt rot was associated with Polyporus circinatus var. dualis Peck, Flammula connissans Fr., and an unidentified fungus designated "Unknown C". Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst. was the fungus associated with the major portion of the brown butt rot. Among the white trunk rots, Stereum sanguinolentum Alb. & Schw. ex Fr. was the fungus most frequently isolated from infected trees and Fames pint (Thore) Lloyd was responsible for the largest, cull losses. Peniophora septentrionalis Laurila, which was isolated from Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and P. engelmannii Parry, was the third most important fungus associated with trunk rot. Trunk rots account for 70% of the decay losses while fungi producing white rots account for 93.6% of the total decay. The incidence of decay increased progressively with age at different rates for trees on "dry" and "moist" sites. The two sites are characterized by distinctive ground cover associations.

DECAY LOSSES IN SUBALPINE SPRUCE ON THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST RESERVE IN ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Survival Trees ◽  
Site Classes

Subalpine spruce on the Rocky Mountain Forest Reserve in Alberta was found to have decay amounting to 20% of the gross merchantable volume with variations in the amount of decay among the different sample areas ranging from 1.4% to 41.9%. A large part of this variation is attributed to the influence of site since it was possible to distinguish two types of sites which differed in the nature of the ground vegetation, the growth rate of the trees, and in the incidence and amount of decay. The average gross volume for survival trees on sites which were described as moist on the basis of distinctive ground cover associations was 174 board feet compared with 87 board feet on the dry sites. The average percentage of cull for trees in each of the two site classes was 24.5 and 9.2 respectively. In trees with a d.b.h. of 8 ins., 4.2% of the gross merchantable volume was cull, increasing to 24.7% in trees of 21 ins. The percentage of cull was higher in the faster-growing trees of the over-storey (20.6%) than in the slower-growing trees of the understorey (16.4%). In cubic feet, the percentage of decay was 7.8% and 5.4% respectively for the two classes of trees.

scholarly journals Effects of needleleaf forest cover on radiation and snowmelt dynamics in the Canadian Rocky Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ellis ◽  
J. W. Pomeroy ◽  
R. L.H. Essery ◽  
T. E. Link
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Canadian Rocky Mountains ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Extensive Field

Radiation is the main energy source for snowpack warming and melt in mountain needleleaf forests, and runoff from these forests is the main contributor to spring river flows in western North America. Utilizing extensive field observations, the effect of needleleaf forest cover on radiation and snowmelt timing was quantified at pine and spruce forest sites and nearby clearings of varying slope and aspect in an eastern Canadian Rocky Mountain headwater basin. Compared with open clearing sites, shortwave radiation was much reduced under forest cover, resulting in smaller differences in melt timing between forested slopes relative to open slopes with different aspects. In contrast, longwave radiation to snow was substantially enhanced under forest cover, especially at the dense spruce forest sites where longwave radiation dominated total energy for snowmelt. In both pine and spruce environments, forest cover acted to substantially reduce total radiation to snow and delay snowmelt timing on south-facing slopes while increasing total radiation and advancing snowmelt timing on north-facing slopes. Results strongly suggest that impacts on radiation to snow and snowmelt timing from changes in mountain forest cover will depend much on the slope and aspect at which changes occur.

Effect of timber harvesting on microbial biomass fluxes in a northern Rocky Mountain forest soil

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Entry ◽  
Nellie M. Stark ◽  
Howard Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Microbial biomass and relative bacterial and fungal percentages were measured in organic forest soil from a Rocky Mountain site subjected to four harvesting treatments: RL, clear-cut and residue left; RR, clear-cut and residue removed; RB, clear-cut and residue burned; C, uncut control. Microbial biomass peaked in spring and fall regardless of treatment. Biomass in soil from the RB treatment was significantly (p < 0.05) less than that in soil from the other treatments most of the year; biomass did not significantly differ in soil from the RR and C treatments. During summer and winter, microbial biomass in soil from the RL treatment was significantly greater than that in soil from any other treatment, probably because of the large amount of organic residue left after harvest; moreover, this residue insulated the soil, preventing it from drying or freezing. At soil temperatures above 5 °C, microbial biomass correlated positively with soil moisture regardless of treatment; at soil temperatures below 2.5 °C, microbial biomass correlated positively with increasing soil temperature. During periods with snow cover, bacterial and fungal percentages were roughly equal regardless of treatment; during the rest of the year, bacterial percentages were high in the RL and RB treatments and low in the RR and C treatments. During periods without snow cover, bacterial and fungal percentages correlated positively with increasing soil pH; however, at near-freezing temperatures the percentage of bacteria and fungi seemed unaffected by soil pH. These findings suggest that treatments that remove a large portion of available site nutrients while reducing soil microbial activity could limit stand development.

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