Commercialization potential of somatic embryogenesis in black spruce tree improvement

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
M. G. Doiron ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
J. M. Bonga ◽  
P. J. Charest
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Potential Tool

The somatic embryogenesis process was evaluated as a potential tool for operational vegetative propagation using individuals from families currently used in the J.D. Irving, Ltd. black spruce tree improvement program. Most families were responsive although the number of individuals within families capable of producing embryogenic tissue (ET) varied greatly (1–70%). Seventy-four percent of the ET clones produced mature embryos and most of these germinated. Greenhouse survival was initially low (11%) but improved in subsequent experiments to 45% as growing regimes were refined. Demonstration plantings of the resulting somatic plants were established at two sites in New Brunswick. A total of 206 clones were cryopreserved. The potential for integrating somatic embryogenesis techniques into tree improvement and stock production programs is discussed. Key words: tree improvement, somatic embryogenesis, clonal propagation, black spruce, biotechnology

scholarly journals Polyamines during somatic embryo development in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.])

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malá ◽  
M. Cvikrová ◽  
P. Máchová ◽  
O. Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Proliferation Medium ◽  
Maturation Medium

Contents of free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were determined in different developmental stages of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.) somatic embryos by means of HPLC. Determinations were performed embryogenic tissue after 4 weeks of the growth on proliferation medium, after 2 and 5 weeks of the culturing on maturation medium, and 2 weeks after desiccation. Maturation of somatic embryos (after 5 weeks) was accompanied by increase of concentrations of putrescine (2.3 times) and spermidine (3.2 times). In comparison with above mentioned polyamines, spermine concentrations were significantly lower (4.3 times). Two weeks after desiccation, the concentrations of putrescine decreased 5.4 times and spermidine 2.2 times in comparison with mature embryos. To improve the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis of less responsive genotypes, the supplementation of growth media by polyamines is discussed.

scholarly journals (177) Evaluation of Different Factors on Regeneration of Plantlets from Embryos of Cycas revoluta Thunb.

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052E-1052
Author(s):  
Laura M. R. Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Bud Induction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cycas Revoluta

The micropropagation of Cycas revoluta Thunb. via somatic embryogenesis was tested on immature and mature embryos using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin. In addition, the effect of media manipulation on the induction of adventitious buds was studied to optimize culture parameters for the regeneration of plantlets via organogenesis from mature embryos. Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium containing six different NO3-: NH4+ ratios (from 90:10 to 65:35) and BA at 9 μm was used. The development of induced buds occurred on the medium containing the identical NO3-: NH4+ composition without growth regulators. The effects of two IBA concentrations on the rooting of elongated shoots were evaluated. The treatment of immature embryos with 2.26 μm 2,4-D and 0.44 μm BA and that of mature embryos with 0.9 μm 2,4-D and 4.40 μm BA promoted growth of embryogenic tissue followed by embryo formation that failed to develop further. Bud induction was obtained through the whole range of NO3-: NH4+ ratios tested. Small decrease in these ratios affected subsequent differentiation and growth. Adventitious shoots obtained on 70% NO3- showed two-fold increase in height and diameter compared with those regenerated on 75% NO3-. Furthermore, 7% of the former produced at the shoot base adventitious shoots that have similar morphology to offset growing at the base of mature plant. The rooting percentage of shoots was low. Considering the difficulty in achieving somatic embryogenesis, these results suggested that among micropropagation techniques organogenesis can be applicable for production of Cycas, although rooting is still the limiting factor.

Evaluation of somatic embryogenesis for clonal propagation of western white pine

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Percy ◽  
K Klimaszewska ◽  
D R Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Embryogenic Lines

A multiyear program was undertaken to develop a somatic embryogenesis system for clonal propagation of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.). Developing seeds were used to initiate embryogenic lines from families used in blister-rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) resistance breeding programs in British Columbia. The most responsive seeds contained zygotic embryos ranging in development from late cleavage polyembryony to the early dominance stage. Overall, 14 of 15 open-pollinated families produced embryogenic lines. The best results (0.8-6.7% initiation) were obtained using modified Litvay medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 2.25 µM. Proliferation of embryogenic tissue was enhanced by culturing tissue as a thin layer on filter paper supports. Approximately 300 lines representing 18 open- and control-pollinated families were cryopreserved. The highest number of mature somatic embryos was obtained on maturation medium containing 120 µM abscisic acid, 180 mM sucrose, and 1.0% gellan gum. Of 61 lines tested on this medium, 77% produced mature somatic embryos. In vitro germination and early growth occurred at a high frequency (90-95%), and plants from 45 genotypes were subsequently transferred to a greenhouse.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Types of Daylily Explants for Somatic Embryogenesis

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 847D-847
Author(s):  
Lianghong Chen* ◽  
Ramana Gosukonda ◽  
Johnny Carter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Immature Embryo ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Inflorescence Explants ◽  
Better Than

To improve somatic embryogenesis of Daylilies (Hemerocallis hybrid); six types of explants namely immature seeds, immature embryos, mature embryos, young inflorescence, ovary-sections and filaments of daylily flower buds were investigated as source of explants. Explants from field grown plants were surface sterilized and followed by culturing on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP for four weeks. Explants were scored for development of embryogenic tissue and formation of somatic embryos with/without the formation of an intermediate callus stage. Both mature and immature embryo explants produced direct development of embryogenic tissue followed by somatic embryos. Young inflorescence explants developed compact calli and produced roots around cut ends and showed no somatic embryogenesis. Ovary explants exhibited swelling and not produced embryogenesis. Production of embryogenic callus and formation of somatic embryos in filament explants depended on the sizes of flower buds. Explants from 0.5 to 1.2 mm size flower buds produced calli and formed somatic embryos while explants from sizes over 1.2 mm flower buds only non-embryogenic calli. Immature seeds failed to grow. The results indicated that immature and mature embryos and filaments from young flower buds responded better than other explants for developing somatic embryos in daylily.

A Budget Tree Improvement Program

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Nienstaedt ◽  
Hyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Improvement Program

scholarly journals The Success of Tree Breeding in the Southern US

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve McKeand
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
State University ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
North Carolina State University ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Us

Nowhere in the world have tree improvement and silviculture had a bigger impact on forest productivity and value to landowners than in the southern US. The economic impact from almost 60 years of tree improvement in the southern United States has been staggering. For example, over 300,000 hectares are planted each year with seedlings from the breeding efforts with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) by members and staff of the North Carolina State University Cooperative Tree Improvement Program. The present value of continued genetic gains from traditional tree improvement efforts is estimated to be $2.5 billion USD to landowners and citizens in the southern US.

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