The effect of growth regulators on the healthiness, growth and sprouting of inflorescence shoot of lettuce

Investigations were carried out under greenhouse conditions on lettuce cv. Ilanka. Seeds were sown in January 1982 and 1984. Lettuce was cultivated to middle of June up to full flowering time. It was found that the preparation fenoprop (2,4,5-trichlorofenoxypropionic acid as a dimethylamine salt) in concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mg·dm-3 significantly decreased latex tipburn symptoms. Fenoprop increased the healthiness of the plants because treated plants were also less attacked by grey mould Botritis sp. Fenoprop also inhibited head formation in lettuce, but the weight of these plants was never smaller than control ones. Sometimes the weight of plants treated with fenoprop was significantly higher than of the control plants. Lettuce plants without heads had bolted earlier. Only the concentration of 100 mg·dm-3 of fenoprop retarded plant growth. The effect of K-NAA (potassium salt of α-naphthaleneacetic acid) on lettuce was weaker than the effect of fenoprop. After K-NAA treatment at a concentration of 25 mg·dm-3, lettuce plants formed normal heads but latex tipburn symptoms were retarded.

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Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽

Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽

Mansor Hakiman

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Planting Materials ◽

Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

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In vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration of Passiflora xishuangbannaensis, a species with extremely small populations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-360926/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan-yuan Meng ◽

Shi-jie Song ◽

Sven Landrein

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

South American ◽

South American Species

Abstract Passiflora xishuangbannaensis (Passifloraceae) is endemic to a few sites of Mengyang nature reserve in Yunnan, Xishuangbanna and less than 40 individuals have been recorded. Nine Passiflora species are endemic to Yunnan with most species occurring in South America, making P. xishuangbannaensis highly significant and emblematic to the conservation work in the region. This study is designed to provide the first protocol for in vitro organogenesis and plant regeneration for ex situ conservation and reintroduction for an Asian Passiflora species. Using internodes, petioles and tendrils we optimize calli formation and root elongation using several plant growth regulators, individually or in combination. We also assess the genetic stability of regenerated cells. The maximum callus induction and shoot bud differentiation were both achieved on half Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.44 µM 6-Benzylaminopurine and 1.08 µM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. The best rooting was achieved from 30 days old, regenerated shoots on half Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1.08 µM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid. Micropropagated plants were subjected to inter simple sequence repeat markers analyses. Collectively, 86 bands were generated from 6 primers of which 12 bands were polymorphic, showing genetic variation between the regenerated plantlets and the original plant. Response to plant growth regulators was more specific than most other studies using South American species, which could be explained by the morphological and physiological differences between South American and Asian Passiflora species

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In vitro Multiplication of the Pitcher Plant Sarracenia Purpurea

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Animal Science and Biotechnologies ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2018.0018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Ileana MICLEA ◽

Rita BERNAT

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Time Frame ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Sarracenia Purpurea ◽

Pitcher Plant ◽

Frame Number

The aim of the current research was to find the best plant growth regulators for the multiplication of Sarracenia purpurea. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) was prepared with macronutrients and micronutrients at 1/3 strength, full strength vitamins, supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose and 5 g/l phytagel and autoclaved. After cooling 0.5 mg\l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 5 mg\l 6-benzyladenine (BA) or 0.5 mg\l NAA + 3 mg\l BA were added. Young S. purpurea plants were selected and transferred to media with or without plant growth regulators and cultured for 12 weeks. At the end of this time frame number of roots, root length (cm) and number of shoots were evaluated and differences were analysed by the analysis of variance and interpreted using the Tuckey test. The largest number of roots grew in medium supplemented with 0.5 mg\l NAA but the the absence of plant growth regulators increased their length. The best conditions for shoot multiplication were provided by supplementing 1/3MS with 5 mg\l BA.

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Effect of plant growth regulators on two different types of eggplant flowers regarding style length and fruit setting

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2021194-17595 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. e0906-e0906

Author(s):

Sedighehsadat Khaleghi ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Floral Morphology ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Final Yield

Aim of study: (i) to explore differences between eggplant flowers capable of setting fruit including long (LGs) and medium style flowers (MEs) and those which suffer from severe problems with fertility and fruit setting including short style ones (SRTs); (ii) to study the effect of plant growth regulators on floral morphology and fruit setting. Area of study: Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 2017 and 2018. Material and methods: First the floral morphology and initial fruit setting of 13 eggplant genotypes from Iran were investigated. Then the differences between LGs and SRTs of two genotypes were explored. Finally, the effect of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and spermidine (Spd) on floral morphology and initial and final fruit setting of these two genotypes was determined. Main results: Results showed SRTs were not capable of fruit setting. Compared to SRTs, LGs had larger central canals, higher protein, total sugar, reducing sugar and K concentrations, as well as longer polar axis and pollen tubes and greater pollen viability. Although 1.5 mM Spd and 20 mg L-1 NAA resulted in increasing of LGs and MEs, and also total initial fruit set, surprisingly, no significant differences were observed in the final yield and final fruit set between the control and these treatments. Researching highlights: Since the rate of fruit dropping was higher in those treatments compared to the control, plants with more SRTs likely regulate their final load by abscising their flowers, and plants with more LGs regulate them by abscising their fruits.

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Investigation of callogenesis and indirect regeneration of Freesia × hybrida Bailey ‘Argenta’

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.1515/fhort-2015-0022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ali Pourkhaloee ◽

Morteza Khosh-Khui

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Embryogenic Callus ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Light Conditions ◽

High Quality ◽

Freesia Hybrida ◽

Different Types

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to study the effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators, carbohydrates and light conditions on indirect cormlet regeneration and the induction of embryogenic callus of freesia (Freesia×hybridaBailey ‘Argenta’). Sections of two different types of explants, corms and pupae (cold storage-produced corms), were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The results showed that the highest percentage of callus induction (100%), the highest callus growth (15 mm diameter) and the best type of calli were achieved for pupa explants grown on the medium that contained 4 mg L−11-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg L−16-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the dark. Increasing BAP up to 3 to 4.5 mg L−1resulted in the maximum number of regenerated cormlets from 1 cm2calli (2 cormlets) under light conditions. Overall, the best rooting of regenerated cormlets was achieved on MS media supplemented with 1 mg L−1indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In the next stage, high quality calli were subcultured on MS media containing sorbitol, sucrose, maltose and mannitol (0, 5, 10 and 15 g L−1). The results indicated that 15 g L−1maltose was able to induce the highest percentage of embryogenic callus, with an average of 88.9% on media containing 2 mg L−1BAP and 1 mg L−1NAA.

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186 Berry Quality and Photosynthate Partitioning in Response to Plant Growth Regulators in Grape

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.422e ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 422E-422

Author(s):

H. Yakushiji ◽

K. Morinaga ◽

Y. Koshita

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Berry Quality ◽

C Distribution ◽

Berry Maturation

The effects of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on berry maturation and photoassimilates partitioning were investigated. Five-year-old potted `Kyoho' grape grown under a non-heating glasshouse were used. TIBA (200 mg/L) and NAA (200 mg/L) were applied to clusters at the beginning of veraison (45 days after full bloom). TIBA application increased not only soluble solids concentration in the juice but also anthocyanin content of peel, compared with those of control. On the other hand, the application of NAA reduced berry growth and delayed the berry maturation with harder flesh, lower soluble solids, higher acidity and poor coloration. In order to examine the effect of both plant growth regulators on photoassimilates partitioning in plant tissues, the whole plants were fed with 13CO2 at 10 days and 20 days after application of TIBA and NAA. The 13C distribution of pericarp and peel in NAA application was found on the lowest among the treatments. However, there were no significant differences in the 13C distribution and 13C absorption rate of pericarps between TIBA and control. These results indicate that NAA weakened the sink activity in grape berries, resulted in smaller berry size and the delay of maturation, whereas the berry ripening induced by TIBA application could not be explained by the distribution of photoassimilates in grape berries.

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Manipulation of Barley Development and Flowering Time by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.694424 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Brendan M. Kupke ◽

Matthew R. Tucker ◽

Jason A. Able ◽

Kenton D. Porker

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Flowering Time ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Field Studies ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Flowering Period ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

Controlled Conditions ◽

Accelerate Development

Matching flowering time to the optimal flowering period in Mediterranean cropping zones is pivotal to maximize yield. Aside from variety selection and sowing date, growers have limited options to alter development in season. Plant hormones and growth regulators are used in perennial horticultural systems to manipulate development and floral initiation. In this study, a range of plant hormonal products were tested to analyze their effects on barley (Hordeum vulgare L) development by exogenous spray applications. Plants were grown in controlled conditions under long and short photoperiods with different vernalization treatments. The gibberellin (GA) products demonstrated the greatest potential for altering development. The GA inhibitor trinexapac-ethyl was able to delay the time to flowering in genetically divergent barley cultivars by up to 200 degree days under controlled conditions. A similar delay in flowering could be achieved via application at both early (GS13) and late (GS33) stages, with higher rates delaying flowering further. Notably, trinexapac-ethyl was able to extend the duration of pre-anthesis phases of development. By contrast, GA3 was unable to accelerate development under extreme short (8 h) or long (16 h) day lengths. There was also little evidence that GA3 could reproducibly accelerate development under intermediate 10–12 h day lengths. In addition, sprays of the cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) were unable to reduce the vernalization requirement of the winter genotype Urambie. The present study provides baseline data for plant growth regulator treatments that delay cereal development. These treatments might be extended in field studies to align flowering of early sown crops to the optimal flowering period.

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Direct and Efficient Plant Regeneration from Different Explants Sources of Potato Cultivars as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v12i0.6471 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shambhu P. Dhital ◽

Hak T. Lim ◽

Hira K. Manandhar

Keyword(s):

Plant Regeneration ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Solid Medium ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Regeneration System ◽

Petiole Explants ◽

Number Of Shoots

Response of widely grown potato cv. Superior and newly developed cvs. Gui valley and Bora valley to plant growth regulators (PGRs) for direct plant regeneration from internode, leaf blade and petiole explants were investigated. The explants were cultured on a MS solid medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), zeatin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Potato cv. Superior, regenerated direct shoot without callus and root formation on MS solid medium supplemented with BAP or zeatin, proliferous roots were produced on NAA or IAA supplemented medium and only some calli were produced on GA3 supplemented medium. The regeneration response varied with different concentrations of PGRs, singly and also in combinations. In the case of combined application of PGRs, the highest shoot regeneration (75.3%) and number of shoot per explant (11.5) and number of roots per explant (7.0) were obtained from the MS solid medium supplemented with zeatin (2 mg l-1), NAA (0.1 mg l-1) and GA3 0.1 mg l-1). Among the three types of explants evaluated, internodes produced the highest number of shoots and roots for both potato cvs. Gui valley and Bora valley, and petiole produced the least number of shoots and roots. The regenerated shoots were rooted in PGRs-free MS solid medium and successfully established under glasshouse condition. Leaf, flower, and tuber morphology were identical to in vitro control and mother plants in the same conditions. This optimized regeneration system can be used for rapid shoot proliferation and also for gene transformation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6471 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 1-6

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Effect of the Carbon Source and Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in the Induction and Maintenance of an In Vitro Callus Culture of Taraxacum officinale (L) Weber Ex F.H. Wigg

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1181

Author(s):

María Eugenia Martinez ◽

Lorena Jorquera ◽

Paola Poirrier ◽

Katy Díaz ◽

Rolando Chamy

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Callus Culture ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Large Scale ◽

Taraxacum Officinale ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid

Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg, commonly known as dandelion, is a cosmopolitan and perennial weed, which has medicinal properties. In vitro propagation methods are widely used on plants that have difficulties in cultivation and, consequently, low extraction yields of active metabolites. Thus, callus culture has been considered to be useful for the accumulation of several metabolites. In this study, we aimed to establish an efficient protocol for callus induction and maintenance of T. officinale, for which explant type, carbon source, light conditions, and nine different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/L) and 6-benzylaminopurine acid (BAP) (from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/L), were evaluated. The results showed that hypocotyls and roots from sterile seedlings are the best sources for callus induction, with 100% of callogenesis at every condition tested, and more than 95% of viability and friability. Complete darkness and a medium supplemented with sucrose at 2.3% (w/v) and 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 0.5 mg/L of BAP were the best conditions for callus induction, showing callus with low organogenesis and high friability. This study provides a basis for future studies on improving large-scale callus propagation and further establishment of suspension culture systems for commercial purposes.

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Asymbiotic germination, seedling development and plantlet propagation of Encyclia aff. oncidioides - an endangered orchid

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2005.025 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 193-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ewa Łojkowska ◽

Aleksandra Królicka ◽

Matylda Sidwa-Gorycka ◽

Jan J. Rybczyński ◽

Dariusz L. Szlachetko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Plant Growth Regulators ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Effect Of Light

In order to estimate the best germination conditions of Encyclia aff. oncidioides seeds, five different media (Fast, Knudson C modified by Vajrabhaya, Murashige and Skoog, PB2 and modified Vacin and Went) with different concentrations of plant growth regulators such as benzyladenine (BA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were tested. No beneficial effect was observed when BA and NAA were applied to the germination medium and GA3 inhibited germination. The effect of light, activated charcoal, coconut water and casein hydrolysate on seed germination was also studied. The growth rate of seedlings on three different media supplemented with activated charcoal and plant growth regulators was checked. The applied plant growth regulators had no beneficial effect on the further growth of seedlings. Fast and PB2 media with 0.2% activated charcoal proved to be the best for E. aff. oncidioides seed germination, seedling development and plantlet propagation.

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