scholarly journals Manipulation of Barley Development and Flowering Time by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Kupke ◽  
Matthew R. Tucker ◽  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Kenton D. Porker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Accelerate Development

Matching flowering time to the optimal flowering period in Mediterranean cropping zones is pivotal to maximize yield. Aside from variety selection and sowing date, growers have limited options to alter development in season. Plant hormones and growth regulators are used in perennial horticultural systems to manipulate development and floral initiation. In this study, a range of plant hormonal products were tested to analyze their effects on barley (Hordeum vulgare L) development by exogenous spray applications. Plants were grown in controlled conditions under long and short photoperiods with different vernalization treatments. The gibberellin (GA) products demonstrated the greatest potential for altering development. The GA inhibitor trinexapac-ethyl was able to delay the time to flowering in genetically divergent barley cultivars by up to 200 degree days under controlled conditions. A similar delay in flowering could be achieved via application at both early (GS13) and late (GS33) stages, with higher rates delaying flowering further. Notably, trinexapac-ethyl was able to extend the duration of pre-anthesis phases of development. By contrast, GA3 was unable to accelerate development under extreme short (8 h) or long (16 h) day lengths. There was also little evidence that GA3 could reproducibly accelerate development under intermediate 10–12 h day lengths. In addition, sprays of the cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) were unable to reduce the vernalization requirement of the winter genotype Urambie. The present study provides baseline data for plant growth regulator treatments that delay cereal development. These treatments might be extended in field studies to align flowering of early sown crops to the optimal flowering period.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RAJALA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Division Cell

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are exogenously applied chemicals that alter plant metabolism, cell division, cell enlargement, growth and development by regulating plant hormones or other biological signals. For example, some PGRs regulate stem elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellins or through releasing ethylene. PGR effects are widely studied and reported on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), whereas there are only a few reports addressing oat (Avena sativa L.). This is likely to be a result of smaller acreage and lower intensity of oat management and production and hence a reduced need for stem shortening by PGRs. However, this is not the case for all cereal producing regions and there exists a need to understand the potential application of PGRs to oat production. This paper represents a review of the potential of PGRs to regulate stem elongation and other biological traits governing plant stand structure and yield components, with special emphasis on oat and its responses to PGRs. Yield improvement requires more heads per unit land area, more grains per head or heavier grains. Of these yield-determining parameters, the number of head bearing tillers and grain numbers per head, compared with grain weight, are more likely to be improved by PGR application. In the absence of lodging, PGR may reduce grain yield due to potential reduction in mean grain weight and/or grain number. Cultivation systems aiming at extensive yields with intensive use of inputs likely benefit from PGR applications more often compared with low or moderate input cultivation, for which cost effectiveness of PGRs is not frequently reached.;

scholarly journals The role of new stress protectors in the formation of production process of oat culture during cultivation in anthropogenically polluted areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Andriyanova ◽  
Irina V. Sergeyeva ◽  
Nataliya N. Gusakova ◽  
Yuliya M. Mokhonko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Lead Zinc

Stress protectors (adaptogens) are among the most important factors that regulate growth processes at all stages of plant development. This article presents results of field studies of the effect of new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors (adaptogens) on the elements of productivity and yield of spring oats of the Skakun variety. The obtained results during the research showed that all the studied derivatives of peredazinones are adaptogens and they contribute to an increased productivity and increased yield of spring oats. We studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with new synthetic plant growth regulators of stress protectors on the quality indicators of cereal production of Skakun oats (protein, starch and amylolytic enzymes content in the cereal). Pre-sowing treatment of oat seeds increases the amount of protein in the cereal up to 15%, starch – up to 25%, amylase – up to 20%. We proved the ability of stress protectors to minimize the negative impact of heavy metals (lead, zinc) on agrophytocenoses, which will make it possible to obtain environmentally friendly cereal products when cultivating oats in anthropogenically polluted areas of the Saratov Oblast.

Cotton radiation use efficiency response to plant growth regulators

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. GONIAS ◽  
D. M. OOSTERHUIS ◽  
A. C. BIBI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYPlant growth regulators are widely used in cotton production to improve crop management. Previous research has demonstrated changes in crop growth, dry matter (DM) partitioning and lint yield of cotton after the application of plant growth regulators. However, no reports are available demonstrating the effect of plant growth regulators on light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Field studies were conducted in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA in 2006 and 2007. RUE was estimated for the period between the pinhead square stage (PHS) of growth and 3 weeks after first flower (FF+3) from plots receiving three applications of the nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride with Bacillus cereus plant growth regulators (Chaperone™) at 7·19 g a.i./ha and Pix Plus® at 41·94 g a.i./ha compared with an untreated control. No differences between the Chaperone treatment and the untreated control were found in the present study. However, Pix Plus significantly reduced plant height (both 2006 and 2007) and leaf area (2007 only), and altered the canopy structure of the crop as recorded by increased values of canopy extinction coefficient. Although DM accumulation was found not to be affected by plant growth regulator treatments, RUE was significantly increased after Pix Plus application, by 33·2%. RUE was increased because less light was intercepted by the Pix Plus treatment for the same biomass production, and this is probably a result of changes in photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and changes in light distribution throughout the canopy.

scholarly journals Controlling Growth of Common Carpetgrass Using Selected Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Bush ◽  
Wayne C. Porter ◽  
Dennis P. Shepard ◽  
James N. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid

Field studies were performed on established carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate plant growth regulators (PGRs) and application rates. Trinexapac-ethyl (0.48 kg·ha-1) improved turf quality and reduced cumulative vegetative growth (CVG) of unmowed and mowed plots by 38% and 46%, respectively, in 1995, and suppressed seedhead height in unmowed turf by >31% 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) both years. Mefluidide (0.14 and 0.28 kg·ha-1) had little effect on carpetgrass. Sulfometuron resulted in unacceptable phytotoxicity (>20%) 2 WAT in 1994 and 18% phytotoxicity in 1995. In 1995, sulfometuron reduced mowed carpetgrass CVG 21%, seedhead number 47%, seedhead height 36%, clipping yield 24%, and reduced the number of mowings required. It also improved unmowed carpetgrass quality at 6 WAT. Sethoxydim (0.11 kg·ha-1) suppressed seedhead formation by 60% and seedhead height by 20%, and caused moderate phytotoxicity (13%) in 1995. Sethoxydim (0.22 kg·ha-1) was unacceptably phytotoxic (38%) in 1994, but only slightly phytotoxic (7%) in 1995, reduced clipping yields (>24%), and increased quality of mowed carpetgrass both years. Fluazasulfuron (0.027 and 0.054 kg·ha-1) phytotoxicity ratings were unacceptable at 2 WAT in 1994, but not in 1995. Fluazasulfuron (0.054 kg·ha-1) reduced seedhead height by 23% to 26% in both years. Early seedhead formation was suppressed >70% when applied 2 WAT in 1994, and 43% when applied 6 WAT in 1995. The effects of the chemicals varied with mowing treatment and evaluation year. Chemical names used: 4-(cyclopropyl-x-hydroxy-methylene)-3,5 dioxo-cyclohexane-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl); N-2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoro-methyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide] (mefluidide); [methyl 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) amino]carbonyl] amino] sulfonyl]benzoate)] (sulfometuron); (2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl-5-[(2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) (sethoxydim); 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2yl)-3-[(3-trifluoromethyl-pyridin 2-yl) sulphonyl] urea (fluazasulfuron).

scholarly journals The effect of growth regulators on the healthiness, growth and sprouting of inflorescence shoot of lettuce

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Jan Borkowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Head Formation

Investigations were carried out under greenhouse conditions on lettuce cv. Ilanka. Seeds were sown in January 1982 and 1984. Lettuce was cultivated to middle of June up to full flowering time. It was found that the preparation fenoprop (2,4,5-trichlorofenoxypropionic acid as a dimethylamine salt) in concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> significantly decreased latex tipburn symptoms. Fenoprop increased the healthiness of the plants because treated plants were also less attacked by grey mould <i>Botritis</i> sp. Fenoprop also inhibited head formation in lettuce, but the weight of these plants was never smaller than control ones. Sometimes the weight of plants treated with fenoprop was significantly higher than of the control plants. Lettuce plants without heads had bolted earlier. Only the concentration of 100 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> of fenoprop retarded plant growth. The effect of K-NAA (potassium salt of α-naphthaleneacetic acid) on lettuce was weaker than the effect of fenoprop. After K-NAA treatment at a concentration of 25 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup>, lettuce plants formed normal heads but latex tipburn symptoms were retarded.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Regulators to Development of the Second Generation Energy Crop Miscanthus × giganteus Produced Two Years in Marginal Post-Military Soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
Tatyana Stefanovska ◽  
Olexander Zhukov ◽  
Artem Medkow ◽  
Pavlo Shapoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) Stimpo, Regoplant, and Charkor on the production of the second-generation energy crop Miscanthus × giganteus on marginal post-military soil was investigated during two vegetation seasons. The land, previously a tank training polygon, has not been in use since 1990 and has become marginal. Biological parameters (stem, shoot, and root lengths) and dry biomass values were evaluated in relation to the applied treatments. The multivariate general linear model (M-GLM) results showed a positive influence of Charkor on M. × giganteus development; the effect was markedly higher in the second year of vegetation. The impact of Stimpo and Regoplant was less noticeable; nevertheless, certain combinations of treatments showed satisfactory results. The M-GLM approach detected the inter-influence of the main factors of the production process, i.e., PGRs, soil, and year of growing. The results showed the predominant influence of year, PGRs and combined factor PGRs × year on the biological parameters; the other studied factors and their combinations were not as effective. Further research should focus on verifying the field-scale results for the M. × giganteus plantation established in a post-military area and compare the lab and field studies.

scholarly journals 632 GA4/7 and Light Level Affect Flowering and Plant Height of New Cultivars and Genetic Lines of Aquilegia ×hybrida Sims

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 506D-506
Author(s):  
T.J. Gianfagna ◽  
R.H. Merritt ◽  
J.D. Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
White Rose ◽  
New Cultivars

Aquilegia cultivars `Songbird Bluebird', `Songbird Robin', `Dove Improved', `Colorado Violet/White' and five cultivars from new experimental genetic lines (`Red and White', `Rose and White #1', `Rose and White #2', `Scarlet and Yellow' and `White') will flower without vernalization, but little is known of their response to light or plant growth regulators. Plants were started from seed on 5 Jan. 1999 and grown in either natural light or 33% shade, and treated with gibberellins (GA4/7) at the seven-leaf stage. Flowering time, number of flowers/plant, and plant height were evaluated through 31 May 1999. All five cultivars from the new genetic lines bloomed during the study. `White', grown in shade and treated with GA4/7, bloomed 2 weeks earlier (115 days) than untreated plants grown in natural light (130 days). `Songbird Robin', treated with GA4/7, bloomed in 146 days, and was the only other cultivar to bloom. Flower numbers were greater in natural light than in 33% shade. GA4/7 increased flowering for four of five cultivars, in the new genetic lines, grown in natural light. In shade, GA4/7 increased flowering for three of five cultivars. Height response to GA4/7 was significant in both natural light and 33% shade. Four of the five cultivars in the new genetic lines were taller when treated. All five of these cultivars were taller when grown in natural light verses 33% shade. `White' and both `Rose and White' cultivars were consistently taller, bloomed earlier and were more floriferous when treated with GA4/7.

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